Elsevier S & T

Acid Atmospheric Deposition and its Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystems in The Netherlands: The Third and Final Phase (1991-1995)

Heij, G.J.; Erisman, J.W.

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Table of contents
  • Contentsv
  • Foreword3
  • Abridged summary5
  • Chapter 1. Introduction13
  • 1.1 The first two phases of the Dutch Priority Programme on Acidification (DPPA)13
  • 1.2 The third phase of the DPPA14
  • 1.3 Organizational and financial aspects of DPPA-III17
  • 1.4 The content of the final report18
  • 1.5 References19
  • Chapter 2. Emission, concentration and deposition of acidifying substances21
  • 2.1 Introduction21
  • 2.2 Emissions26
  • 2.3 Concentrations30
  • 2.4 Depositions39
  • 2.5 Source contributions and origin of the deposition56
  • 2.6 Relation between atmospheric deposition and throughfall59
  • 2.7 Uncertainties60
  • 2.8 Deposition originating from natural sources and comparison of the Dutch situation with other Eur65
  • 2.9 Conclusions and gaps in current knowledge69
  • 2.10 References71
  • Appendix A Foreign emissions in 199377
  • Appendix B Loads per acidification area78
  • Chapter 3. Effects on forest ecosystems83
  • 3.1 Introduction83
  • 3.2 Laboratory-scale manipulation experiments85
  • 3.3 Effects at stand scale87
  • 3.4 Effects at regional scale100
  • 3.5 Effects on other biotic components of the forest ecosystem108
  • 3.6 Critical levels and critical loads114
  • 3.7 Discussion117
  • 3.8 Conclusions122
  • 3.9 References124
  • Chapter 4. Effects of atmospheric deposition on non-forest ecosystems in The Netherlands129
  • 4.1 Introduction129
  • 4.2 Terrestrial ecosystems130
  • 4.3 Aquatic ecosystems148
  • 4.4 Critical loads153
  • 4.5 References156
  • Chapter 5. Summary and conclusions159
  • 5.1 Trends in emissions, concentrations and depositions159
  • 5.2 Effects on forest ecosystems166
  • 5.3 Effects on non-forest ecosystems174
  • 5.4 Curative measures177
  • 5.5 Evaluation and synthesis178
  • Appendix 1 Project reports published in the context of DPPA-III181
  • Appendix 2 General conclusions and recommendations review report193
  • Appendix 3 Composition of Steering Group for the Acidification Programme and DPPA-III Project Group197
  • Annex 1 Thematic reports201
  • Atmospheric input203
  • Thematic report on effects (with special emphasis on combination stress)357
  • Research at the Speulder forest: assessment of the effects of acidification, eutrophication and ozon391
  • Application of three forest-soil-atmosphere models to the Speuld experimental forest455
  • Annex 2 International review607
  • Annex 3 Project literature653
  • Subject index679
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780444820372
  • ISBN-13 9780080525877
  • Author Heij, G.J.; Erisman, J.W.
  • Category Science
  • Subject Environmental Science

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The book begins with an overview of the research topics which were addressed in the three different phases of the Dutch Priority Program on Acidification (DPPA), executed between 1985 and 1994. This chapter is followed by a chapter which deals with the emissions of acidifying substances, the concentrations and the deposition to forest and nature conservation areas. Prognoses are given for the acid deposition in 2000 and 2010; the deposition in the countries surrounding the Netherlands is also mentioned. The differences in the results of the DPPA-II are analysed.

The third chapter deals with the effects of exposure and load on forests. The chapter moves from small-scale to large-scale: first the effects in laboratory-scale studies are described, then the effects in the field, both at stand level and on a regional scale. In addition, the critical thresholds (critical level of concentration and critical load of deposition) are discussed.

The fourth chapter covers terrestrial ecosystems (or parts thereof) as well as weakly buffered surface waters, springs and other streams. Critical levels and loads are also discussed. The most important results are given in chapter 5.

In the appendices of the book, so-called umbrella theme reports on deposition, stand modelling and effects on forests are presented which describe in more detail the scientific work performed in the third phase of the DPPA.

This book will be of interest to anyone involved in research related to acidification and eutrophication; i.e., not only those who perform the research in the causal chain from emissions to effects, but also policy-makers and students.