Advances in Agronomy
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Table of contents
- Contentsv
- Contributorsix
- Prefacexi
- Chapter 1: Agricultural Contributions of Antimicrobials and Hormones on Soil and Water Quality1
- I. Introduction2
- II. Use and Occurrence5
- A. Antimicrobials5
- B. Hormones7
- III. Sorption by Soils and Sediments13
- A. Antimicrobials13
- B. Hormones16
- IV. Degradation in Soil, Manure, and Aqueous Environments19
- A. Antimicrobial Degradation in Manure and Soil19
- B. Antimicrobial Degradation in Aqueous Environments20
- C. Hormone Stability in Manure, Urine, and Composted Manure20
- D. Hormone Stability in Soils and Manure-Amended Soils21
- V. Transport Processes23
- A. DOM-Faciliated Transport of Antimicrobials23
- B. Runoff Versus Drainage of Antimicrobials25
- C. Hormone Transport26
- VI. Ecological and Human Health Effects28
- A. Antimicrobial Toxicity28
- B. Development of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria29
- C. Hormone-Induced Endocrine Disruption31
- VII. Analytical Methods36
- A. Method Development36
- B. Antimicrobials38
- C. Hormones46
- VIII. Summary and Future Needs50
- Acknowledgments53
- References53
- Chapter 2: Anthropogenic Influences on World Soils and Implications to Global Food Security69
- I. Introduction70
- II. Land Area of Natural Ecosystems Converted to Agriculture71
- III. Consequences of Agricultural Expansion and Intensification74
- IV. Water Consumption and Change in the Hydrologic Cycle75
- V. Anthropogenic Impact on Biogeochemical Cycles of Principal Elements80
- A. The Carbon Cycle80
- B. The Nitrogen Cycle82
- C. The Phosphorus Cycle83
- VI. Food Demands for the World's Growing Population83
- VII. Stewardship of Soil and Water Resources86
- VIII. Conclusions90
- References91
- Chapter 3: Mitigation and Current Management Attempts to Limit Pathogen Survival and Movement Within95
- I. Introduction96
- II. Sources of Pathogens in the Farm Environment97
- A. Manures Spread to Land100
- B. Grazing Animals102
- C. Manure Spreading Versus Grazing as a Source104
- D. Farmyards and Animal Feeding Operations106
- III. Reducing Pathogen Numbers via Manure Management107
- A. Solid Manures107
- B. Liquid Manures111
- C. Livestock Welfare120
- IV. Land Management Strategies to Limit Pathogen Transfer from Land to Water122
- A. Measures to Reduce Pathogen Mobilization from Land123
- B. Measures to Reduce Pathogen Delivery to Water127
- V. Synthesis and Concluding Remarks138
- A. Conceptualizing Microbial Mitigation138
- B. Conclusions139
- Acknowledgments140
- References140
- Chapter 4: Weed Management in Direct-Seeded Rice153
- I. Introduction154
- A. Direct-Seeding of Rice156
- B. Yield Loss Due to Weeds in Direct-Seeded Rice160
- II. Weeds, Weed Competition, and Ecology in Direct-Seeded Rice164
- A. Occurrence of Major Weeds in Different Methods of Direct-Seeding Across the World164
- B. Crop-Weed Competition in Direct-Seeded Rice180
- C. Weed Species Shifts and Weed Population Dynamics Due to Changes in the Methods of Rice Establishm182
- III. Integrating Weed Management Practices In Direct-Seeded Rice190
- IV. Future Research Needs225
- Acknowledgments228
- References229
- Chapter 5: Ecoregional Research for Development257
- Abbreviations257
- I. Introduction258
- II. Changing Concepts of Development260
- III. Research in Relation to the Policy Cycle262
- IV. Examples from the Projects of the Fund266
- A. Developing the Kenyan Highlands266
- B. Reacting to Trade Liberalization273
- C. Signaling Constraints in Sustainable Use of Water Resources on the Tibetan Plateau283
- D. Multiple Goals for Land Use in Southeast Asia290
- E. From Environment to Human Health295
- F. Really Dealing with Soil Erosion298
- G. Reestablishing Farmers' Credit in the Highveld Region, South Africa301
- V. Where Do We Stand Now and Where to Go?303
- A. Showing New Ways of Conducting Research303
- B. Showing New Ways of Presenting Results306
- C. Presenting New Messages to Policymakers and Land Users307
- Acknowledgments308
- References308
- Chapter 6: Influence of High Temperature and Breeding for Heat Tolerance in Cotton: A Review313
- I. Introduction314
- II. Effects of High Temperature316
- A. Morphological and Yield Traits317
- B. Physiological and Biochemical Traits324
- III. Heat Stress and Heat Tolerance329
- A. Definition and Levels of Heat Stress329
- B. Heat Tolerance329
- IV. Screening for Heat-Tolerance Traits330
- A. Physiological and/or Biochemical Traits331
- B. Ecophysiological Traits336
- C. Association Among Ecophysiological, Morphological, and Yield Traits340
- V. Breeding for High-Temperature Tolerance344
- A. Trait Selection344
- B. Correlated Response of Selected Trait347
- C. Isogenic Lines to Study Individual Trait Performance350
- D. Genetic Variability352
- E. Inheritance Studies355
- F. Impact of Heat-Tolerant Genes357
- G. Breeding for High-Temperature Tolerance358
- H. Practical Achievements364
- VI. Summary and Conclusions367
- Acknowledgments369
- References369
- Index387
Advances in Agronomy continues to be recognized as a leading reference and a first-rate source for the latest research in agronomy. As always, the subjects covered are varied and exemplary of the myraid of subject matter dealt with by thislong-running serial.
Volume 93 contains six indespensable reviews.
* Maintains the highest impact factor among serial publications in Agriculture
* Presents timely reviews on important agronomy issues such as nutrients, water relations, polyacrylamide, and more
* Enjoys a long-standing reputation for excellence in the field
Volume 93 contains six indespensable reviews.
* Maintains the highest impact factor among serial publications in Agriculture
* Presents timely reviews on important agronomy issues such as nutrients, water relations, polyacrylamide, and more
* Enjoys a long-standing reputation for excellence in the field