Elsevier S & T

Advances in Agronomy

Sparks, Donald L

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Table of contents
  • Contentsv
  • Contributorsix
  • Prefacexiii
  • Chapter 1: Microbial Ecology of Methanogens and Methanotrophs1
  • 1. Introduction2
  • 1.1. Global methane budget and processes controlling methane emission from rice fields2
  • 1.2. Role of methanogens and methanotrophs in carbon cycling and methane emission3
  • 2. Microbial Ecology of Methanogens8
  • 2.1. Physiology and phylogeny of methanogens8
  • 2.2. Diversity, habitats, and ecological niches10
  • 2.3. Microbiological explanations for macroscopic processes, that is production and emission of meth16
  • 3. Microbial Ecology of Methanotrophs31
  • 3.1. Physiology and phylogeny of methanotrophs31
  • 3.2. Diversity, habitats, and ecological niches of aerobic methanotrophs34
  • 4. Mitigation of Methane Emission from Rice Fields42
  • 5. Conclusions and Outlook43
  • References45
  • Chapter 2: Strategies of Plants to Adapt to Mineral Stresses in Problem Soils65
  • 1. Introduction66
  • 2. Fe-Deficiency Stress69
  • 2.1. Chemistry of Fe in soils70
  • 2.2. Mechanism of Fe acquisition in plants73
  • 2.3. Genetic improvement of Fe-acquisition ability in plants85
  • 3. Al-Toxicity Stress86
  • 3.1. Chemistry of Al and plant-originated Al-detoxifying agents in soils87
  • 3.2. Mechanism of Al toxicity95
  • 3.3. Mechanism of Al-toxicity tolerance99
  • 4. P-Deficiency Stress104
  • 4.1. Chemistry of P and plant-originated P-dissolving agents in soils105
  • 4.2. Mechanism of P acquisition in plants107
  • 4.3. Genetic improvement in plants to tolerate P deficiency111
  • 5. Future Prospects112
  • References112
  • Chapter 3: Water Flow in the Roots of Crop Species: The Influence of Root Structure, Aquaporin Activ133
  • 1. Introduction134
  • 2. Water Movement Through the Plant135
  • 2.1. Driving forces135
  • 2.2. Hydraulic conductance137
  • 2.3. Hydraulic conductivity of roots (Lpr)138
  • 3. Root Characteristics and Water Flow140
  • 3.1. Factors that influence root growth and water uptake140
  • 3.2. Root anatomy141
  • 4. Changes in Lpr146
  • 5. Plant Aquaporins (aqps)147
  • 5.1. AQP structure148
  • 5.2. AQP selectivity150
  • 5.3. Control of water permeability152
  • 6. The Role of AQPs in Root Water Transport167
  • 6.1. Inhibition studies167
  • 6.2. Expression and transformation studies169
  • 6.3. The contribution of AQPs to radial water flow170
  • 7. Waterlogging171
  • 7.1. Effect on O2 in the rhizosphere171
  • 7.2. Effect on root growth172
  • 7.3. Effect on water use174
  • 7.4. Anoxia and AQP activity175
  • 8. Conclusion180
  • Acknowledgments181
  • References182
  • Chapter 4: Phytoremediation of Sodic and Saline-Sodic Soils197
  • 1. Introduction199
  • 2. Description of Sodic and Saline-Sodic Soils201
  • 3. Degradation Processes in Sodic and Saline-Sodic Soils203
  • 4. Phytoremediation of Sodic and Saline-Sodic Soils206
  • 4.1. Historical perspective208
  • 4.2. Mechanisms and processes driving phytoremediation212
  • 4.3. Comparative efficiency of phytoremediation223
  • 4.4. Plant species for phytoremediation233
  • 5. Perspectives236
  • Acknowledgments239
  • References239
  • Chapter 5: Ecology of Denitrifying Prokaryotes in Agricultural Soil249
  • 1. Introduction250
  • 2. Agronomical and Environmental Importance of Denitrification253
  • 2.1. Consequences of denitrification for agriculture253
  • 2.2. Impact of denitrification on the environment and human health254
  • 3. Who are the Denitrifiers?255
  • 3.1. Denitrifiers and nitrate reducers255
  • 3.2. Denitrifying populations255
  • 4. Assessing Denitrifiers Density, Diversity, and Activity258
  • 4.1. Measuring denitrification and N2O emissions258
  • 4.2. Resolving diversity of denitrifiers259
  • 4.3. Quantification of denitrifiers260
  • 5. Natural Factors Causing Variations in Denitrification262
  • 5.1. Temperature and water262
  • 5.2. Freeze-thaw cycles263
  • 5.3. Dry-wet cycles265
  • 6. Denitrification in the Rhizosphere of Crops266
  • 6.1. Crops as a factor influencing denitrifiers266
  • 6.2. Impact of crop species, crop cultivars, and transgenic plants270
  • 7. Impact of Fertilization on Denitrification273
  • 7.1. Fertilization affects denitrification273
  • 8. Effect of Environmental Pollution on Denitrifiers279
  • 8.1. Pollution affects denitrification279
  • 8.2. Pesticides280
  • 8.3. Heavy metals283
  • 9. Conclusions and Outlook285
  • References287
  • Chapter 6: Linking Soil Organisms Within Food Webs to Ecosystem Functioning and Environmental Change307
  • 1. Introduction308
  • 2. Overview of the Soil Food Web309
  • 3. Impacts on Soil Food Web Dynamics Associated with Human Activities313
  • 3.1. Biodiversity loss313
  • 3.2. Invasive species315
  • 3.3. Climate change317
  • 3.4. GM crops320
  • 4. Alternative Approaches: Seeing the Forest for the Trees322
  • 4.1. Nematode faunal analysis323
  • 4.2. Modeling food web dynamics328
  • 5. Missing and Ambiguous Components of Current Soil Food Web Knowledge335
  • 5.1. Resolution335
  • 5.2. Integration of the detritivore and herbivore food webs336
  • 5.3. Role of technology in resolving soil food webs338
  • 6. Summary and Conclusions340
  • Acknowledgments341
  • References341
  • Chapter 7: Comparative Typology in Six European Low-Intensity Systems of Grassland Management351
  • 1. Introduction353
  • 2. Presentation of Study Areas355
  • 2.1. Northern Sapmi, Fennoscandia355
  • 2.2. Tatra mountains, Poland358
  • 2.3. UNESCO Biosphere Entlebuch, Switzerland359
  • 2.4. Bavaria, Germany359
  • 2.5. Baixo Alentejo, Portugal360
  • 2.6. Castile-La Mancha, Spain361
  • 3. Material and Methods361
  • 3.1. Main criteria and indicators362
  • 3.2. Management units367
  • 3.3. Sampling process368
  • 4. Results370
  • 4.1. Land uses370
  • 4.2. Size of farm-holding, land prices, and grazing fees372
  • 4.3. Institutional economics375
  • 4.4. Institutional and legal frameworks379
  • 4.5. Forage deficit381
  • 4.6. Grazing infrastructure385
  • 4.7. Labor388
  • 4.8. Productivity estimates390
  • 4.9. Economic performance395
  • 4.10. Grazing management and trends401
  • 4.11. Main limiting factors404
  • 4.12. Interface to biodiversity406
  • 5. Discussion408
  • References414
  • Index421
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780123742063
  • ISBN-13 9780080554433
  • Author Sparks, Donald L
  • Category Science
  • Subject Biology

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Advances in Agronomy continues to be recognized as a leading reference and a first-rate source for the latest research in agronomy. As always, the subjects covered are varied and exemplary of the myriad of subject matter dealt with by this long-running serial.

Volume 96 contains seven superior reviews with 25 tables.

* Maintains the highest impact factor among serial publications in Agriculture
* Presents timely reviews on important agronomy issues
* Enjoys a long-standing reputation for excellence in the field