Advances in Applied Microbiology
Regular price
55.250 KD
inc. VAT
Couldn't load pickup availability
Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsv
- Contributorsxi
- Chapter 1: A Ferment of Fermentations: Reflections on the Production of Commodity Chemicals Using Mi1
- I. Introduction2
- II. What Is Fermentation? What Is a Fermentation Industry?4
- III. When Did the Production of Commodity Chemicals by Microorganisms Begin?6
- A. Initial use of bacteria7
- B. Initial use of fungi8
- IV. Submerged Cultures11
- A. An interlude11
- B. Citric acid„the Wisconsin submerged process13
- V. World War I Spurs Fermentation Technology to Produce Glycerol and Acetone14
- A. Glycerol14
- B. Acetone, butanol, ethanol16
- VI. Gluconic Acid, Kojic Acid18
- VII. Penicillin19
- A. The work of Harold Raistrick19
- B. The development of penicillin at Oxford22
- C. The experience in the Unites States and development of submerged fermentation26
- D. Submerged fermentation for penicillin27
- Acknowledgments28
- References29
- Chapter 2: Submerged Culture Fermentation of "Higher Fungi": The Macrofungi33
- I. Introduction34
- A. Definition of "higher fungi"34
- B. General considerations37
- C. Life cycles38
- II. Growth in Submerged Culture42
- A. Solid-substrate fermentation vs. submerged liquid fermentation42
- B. Isolation and maintenance of the cultures45
- C. Effects of process variables on growth and product formation45
- D. Fermentation strategies68
- E. Optimization of culture conditions71
- III. Products and Applications74
- A. General comments74
- IV. Conclusions92
- References92
- Chapter 3: Bioprocessing Using Novel Cell Culture Systems105
- 1. Introduction106
- II. Plant Cell Culture Development for Scale-Up112
- A. Plant suspension culture initiation and establishment112
- B. Development of homogeneous cell lines113
- C. Development of single cell-derived cell lines114
- D. Development of synchronized cell lines114
- E. Example of plant cell culture„rice suspension cells114
- F. Transformation and transgenic cell line development116
- G. Cell banking and cryopreservation118
- H. Quality control considerations on plant cell fermentation122
- III. Industrial-Scale Production with Plant Suspension Cell Cultures125
- A. Scale-up issues with plant suspension cell cultures126
- B. Process optimization127
- C. Product formation137
- D. Process operation strategies on scale-up139
- IV. Concluding Remarks140
- Acknowledgments140
- References140
- Chapter 4: Nanotechnology in the Detection and Control of Microorganisms145
- I. Introduction146
- II. Polymeric Nanomaterials149
- A. Carbohydrate-biofunctionalized polymeric nanomaterials149
- B. Carbohydrate- or antibody-conjugated nanotubes151
- C. Chitosan nanoparticles152
- D. Nanomaterials for vaccine developments153
- E. Other polymeric nanomaterials154
- III. Fluorescence Detection of Microorganisms155
- A. Dye-doped silica nanoparticles155
- B. Quantum dots (QDs) for fluorescent detection156
- C. Carbon-based fluorescent nanoparticles161
- IV. Metallic Nanomaterials162
- A. Elemental metal nanomaterials162
- B. Metal oxide nanomaterials165
- C. Magnetic nanomaterials for the detection of microbes167
- V. Concluding Remarks169
- Acknowledgments172
- References172
- Chapter 5: Metabolic Aspects of Aerobic Obligate Methanotrophy183
- I. Introduction184
- II. Milestones in Aerobic Obligate Methanotrophy: A Brief Historical Overview185
- A. Discovery of aerobic methanotrophs and first impacts on methanotrophy185
- B. Renaissance of interest in the biology and biochemistry of methanotrophs188
- C. New findings (insights) in methanotrophy assessed by molecular approaches192
- III. Pathways of Sequential Oxidation of Methane to CO2194
- A. Enzymes of primary methane oxidation194
- B. Soluble methane monooxygenase195
- C. Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO)196
- D. Oxidation of methanol by methanol dehydrogenase199
- E. Oxidation of formaldehyde by a linear pathway201
- F. Pterin-dependent oxidation of formaldehyde202
- G. Oxidation of formate to CO2204
- IV. Pathways of Primary C1 Assimilation and Intermediary Metabolism205
- A. Assimilation of formaldehyde via the Quayle ribulosemonophosphate and serine pathways205
- B. Pathways of nitrogen assimilation211
- C. Biochemical basis/rationale of obligate methanotrophy212
- V. Conclusions and Outlook215
- Note Added in proof217
- Acknowledgments217
- References217
- Chapter 6: Bacterial Efflux Transport in Biotechnology231
- I. Introduction232
- II. Important Efflux Transport Protein Families232
- A. Energy sources and physiological roles233
- B. Functions in gram negative and gram positive bacteria234
- C. Substrate specificity235
- D. Internet resources235
- III. Discovery of Efflux Transport Function236
- A. Global gene expression analyses236
- B. Genetic selections and screens237
- IV. Engineering Efflux Transport to Improve Amino Acid Production237
- A. L-Lysine238
- B. L-Threonine238
- C. L-Phenylalanine239
- D. L-Cysteine240
- V. Efflux Transport in Whole Cell Biotransformations240
- A. Solvent tolerant bacteria240
- B. Mitigation of substrate and product toxicity241
- VI. Limits on Efflux Transport Utility in Metabolic Engineering242
- A. Hydrophobicity considerations242
- B. Availability of known transporters and protein engineering242
- VII. Future Prospects for Efflux Transport in Biotechnology243
- References243
- Chapter 7: Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment, with Particular Reference to MRSA249
- I. Introduction250
- II. Evolution of Resistance250
- A. Origins of antibiotic resistance genes251
- B. Mechanisms of resistance253
- III. Mechanisms of Horizontal Gene Transfer254
- A. The role of integrons in resistance gene mobility255
- B. Coselection for resistance genes257
- IV. Antibiotics and Resistance Genes in the Environment258
- A. Sewage sludge258
- B. Farm animals260
- C. Transfer from the environment to the clinic263
- V. MRSA in the Nonclinical Environment264
- A. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus264
- B. Environmental reservoirs of MRSA265
- C. Pig associated MRSA266
- D. Cattle associated MRSA267
- E. Horse associated MRSA269
- F. MRSA in companion animals269
- VI. Conclusions270
- References270
- Chapter 8: Host Defense Peptides in the Oral Cavity281
- I. Introduction282
- II. Host-Microbe Interactions in the Mouth283
- A. The normal oral microbiota283
- B. Microbiota associated with disease284
- III. HDP Expression in the Mouth288
- A. Innate defenses in the mouth288
- B. Histatins289
- C. Defensins289
- D. Cathelicidin LL-37296
- IV. Functions of HDPs in the Mouth298
- A. Antibacterial functions298
- B. Antifungal activities300
- C. Antiviral activities301
- D. Non-antimicrobial functions302
- V. Roles of HDPs in Oral Health and Disease303
- A. Microbial induction of oral HDP expression304
- B. Expression in oral health and disease306
- VI. Therapeutic Applications308
- VII. Conclusions310
- Acknowledgments312
- References312
- Index323
- Contents of Previous Volumes335
Published since 1959, Advances in Applied Microbiology continues to be one of the most widely read and authoritative review sources in Microbiology.
The series contains comprehensive reviews of the most current research in applied microbiology. Recent areas covered include bacterial diversity in the human gut, protozoan grazing of freshwater biofilms, metals in yeast fermentation processes and the interpretation of host-pathogen dialogue through microarrays.
Eclectic volumes are supplemented by thematic volumes on various topics including Archaea and “Sick Building Syndrome. Impact factor for 2006: 1.96.
The series contains comprehensive reviews of the most current research in applied microbiology. Recent areas covered include bacterial diversity in the human gut, protozoan grazing of freshwater biofilms, metals in yeast fermentation processes and the interpretation of host-pathogen dialogue through microarrays.
Eclectic volumes are supplemented by thematic volumes on various topics including Archaea and “Sick Building Syndrome. Impact factor for 2006: 1.96.