Advances in Cancer Research
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Table of contents
- Contentsv
- Contributorsix
- Chapter 1: Foundations in Cancer Research The Turns of Life and Science1
- I. To Write or Not to Write?2
- II. Boys and Resurrection of Czechoslovakia2
- III. University3
- IV. Virogenic Cells and Provirus Integration6
- V. Virus Rescue10
- VI. Prague Spring 196815
- VII. Dark Years17
- VIII. Partial Thawing and Molecular Biology20
- IX. Silencing the Provirus and the Red Power23
- X. Epilogue26
- References29
- Literary Works29
- Scientific Works29
- Chapter 2: RUNX Genes in Development and Cancer: Regulation of Viral Gene Expression and the Discove33
- I. Introduction34
- II. EC Cells (Teratocarcinoma Stem Cells): The Biological Model That Led to the Identification of PE36
- III. Infection of EC Cells with Retroviruses37
- IV. Infection of EC Cells with Py38
- V. Isolation and Analysis of PyEC Mutants39
- VI. Isolation of PyTr Mutants39
- VII. The Molecular Implications of PyFL and PyNB Mutants42
- VIII. Dissection of the Py Enhancer43
- IX. Developmental Regulation of Py Enhancer Subfragments in F9 and dF9 Cells44
- X. Responsiveness of Py Enhancer a Element to Activated Ras and TPA46
- XI. Identification of PEA2/PEBP246
- XII. Why We Decided to Study PEBP2/RUNX Further?47
- XIII. Purification of PEBP2 Revealed That It Is a Heterodimer Composed of Two Subunits48
- XIV. cDNA Cloning of PEBP2alphaA151
- XV. cDNA Cloning of PEBP2beta53
- XVI. Identification of the Runt Domain: Comparison of Drosophila Runt, Human AML1, and Murine PEBP2a53
- XVII. Identification of the CBF and cDNA Cloning of CBFbeta55
- XVIII. Involvement of PEBP2beta/CBFbeta in Human Leukemia: cDNA Cloning of the inv(16) Chimeric Gene56
- XIX. Discovery of RUNX357
- XX. RUNX Genes in Different Organisms: Evolutionary Conservation60
- XXI. Disruption of Runx1 and Hematopoiesis60
- XXII. Disruption of Runx2 and Osteogenesis61
- XXIII. Knockout Phenotype of Runx3: Gastric Cancer Tumor Suppressor62
- XXIV. The Knockout Phenotype of Runx3: Regulation of Axonal Projections of TrkC-Expressing DRG Neuro64
- XXV. Knockout Phenotype of Runx3: CD4 Silencer64
- XXVI. Knockout Phenotype of CBFbeta/PEBP2beta65
- XXVII. Perspectives65
- XXVIII. Conclusion67
- Acknowledgments67
- References68
- Chapter 3: The RNA Continent77
- I. Introduction78
- II. Which Technique Is Suitable to Analyze Mammalian Transcriptome?79
- III. CAP Trapper and Full-Length cDNA Cloning System81
- IV. CAGE and GIS/GSC Ditags84
- V. The Structure of the FANTOM Datasets85
- VI. The Landscape of the Mouse Transcriptome: ncRNA, Transcription Forest, and Transcription Desert86
- VII. Abundant Natural Antisense Transcripts and Their Biological Significance90
- VIII. Interesting Features of the Mouse Transcriptome91
- IX. CAGE Tag and Promoter Analysis: The Diversity of Transcription Regulation92
- X. Alternative Usage of the Promoters: 5' Variation and 3' UTR Promoter94
- XI. Characteristics of the CpG Island and Bidirectional Promoters Revealed by CAGE Analysis95
- XII. Summary of the Physical Map of the RNA Continent95
- XIII. The Functional Aspect of the RNA Continent in Cancer Research96
- XIV. miRNA and Other Small RNAs in Cancer96
- XV. Epigenetics and ncRNA in Carcinogenesis99
- XVI. The Telomerase RNA Component and Small Nucleolar RNA100
- XVII. Recently Characterized Functional ncRNAs in Mammalian Cells101
- XVIII. Conclusion: Functional RNA and Cancer102
- Acknowledgment103
- References103
- Chapter 4: The c-myc Promoter: Still MysterY and Challenge113
- I. Introduction114
- II. c-Myc: Transcription Factor and Oncogene114
- A. c-Myc Function and Biology114
- B. c-myc Expression117
- III. Regulation of the c-myc Promoter118
- A. The c-myc Locus118
- B. The c-myc Promoter Structure121
- C. Regulation Levels of c-myc Transcription122
- D. Chromatin Structure146
- E. c-Myc Autosuppression151
- IV. Control of the c-myc Promoter152
- A. Transcription Factors That Directly Bind to the c-myc Promoter and Their Partners152
- B. Transcription Factors That In Vivo Occupy the c-myc Promoter215
- C. Other Transcription Factors That Regulate the c-myc Promoter224
- D. Additional Transcription Factors That Directly Bind to or/and In Vivo Occupy the c-myc Promoter229
- E. Signal Transduction Pathways234
- F. Deregulation of the c-myc Promoter in Burkitt's Lymphoma245
- G. c-myc as Target for Anticancer Therapy249
- V. The c-myc Promoter: Black Box and.Enigma?252
- A. Feedback Loops252
- B. A Concept for Regulation of the c-myc Promoter254
- VI. Summary and Perspectives268
- Acknowledgments269
- References269
- Chapter 5: Designer Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffolds for Study of 3-D Cell Biology and Be335
- Prologue337
- I. Introduction340
- II. 2-D or Not 2-D340
- III. Micro- and Nanoscales, Why They Are Important?341
- IV. The Ideal Biological Scaffolds344
- V. Discovery of Self-Assembling Peptide Scaffolds344
- VI. Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffolds345
- VII. Dynamic Reassembly of Self-Assembling Peptides346
- VIII. Kinetics of Nanofiber Reassembly and a Plausible Reassembly Process349
- IX. Self-Assembling Peptides Nanofiber Scaffold 3-D Cell Culture351
- X. Designer Peptides Scaffold 3-D Cell Cultures352
- XI. Designer Peptide Scaffolds for Bone Cells and 3-D Migration356
- XII. Why Designer Self-Assembling Peptide Scaffolds?356
- XIII. Beyond 3-D Cell Cultures358
- XIV. Concluding Remarks359
- Acknowledgments359
- References359
- Chapter 6: Dendritic Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy363
- I. Dendritic Cell Biology364
- A. Human DC Origin and Subsets364
- B. DC Function in Healthy Individuals364
- C. DCs in Patients with Cancer366
- D. The Immune Response in Cancer Patients368
- II. DCs and Their Use in Immunotherapy368
- A. DC Type370
- B. DC Differentiation and Activation371
- C. Antigen Choice372
- D. Antigen Loading374
- E. Vaccine Administration374
- F. Immunological Responses375
- G. Clinical Responses376
- III. Future DC Vaccines377
- A. DC Activation378
- B. DC Cotransduction378
- C. DC Gene Silencing379
- D. Targeting DCs In Vivo380
- E. Patient Selection and Timing of Vaccination380
- F. DC Vaccines Combined with Other Immunotherapies382
- G. DC Vaccines Combined with Conventional Treatment386
- IV. Conclusion389
- Acknowledgments390
- References390
- Index409
The Advances in Cancer Research series provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. This volume presents outstanding and original reviews on a variety of topics including RUNX Genes in Development and Cancer; The RNA Continent; The c-myc Promoter; Designer Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffolds for Study of 3-D Cell Biology and Beyond; and Dendritic Cells in Cancer. Immunotherapy