Advances in Ecological Research
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Table of contents
- Contentsix
- Chapter 1. Population Regulation in Animals with Complex Life-histories: Formulation and Analysis of1
- I. Summary1
- II. Introduction3
- III. Regulatory Factors and Processes5
- IV. The Model14
- V. Discussion45
- VI. Tests and Hypotheses47
- Acknowledgements50
- References51
- Chapter 2. How Plants Affect Nematodes61
- I. Summary61
- II. Introduction62
- III. Ecosystem Productivity63
- IV. Plant Quality66
- V. Fertiliser Response68
- VI. Grazing or Pruning Responses72
- VII. Rooting Patterns74
- VIII. Root Exudates and Nematode Activity79
- IX. Nematode: Nematode Interactions within Roots81
- X. Host Plant and Nematode Morphometrics86
- XI. Nematode Reproductive Strategies87
- XII. Sex Ratios90
- XIII. Nematode Races and Plant Cultivars93
- XIV. Plant Resistance Mechanisms96
- XV. The Plant–Bacterial–Nematode Pathway99
- XVI. Conclusions100
- Acknowledgements100
- References100
- Chapter 3. Ecological Studies at Lough Hyne115
- I. Summary115
- II. Historical Note119
- III. The Rocky Sea Coast120
- IV. The Rocky Shore of the Lough140
- V. The Deep Water of the Lough158
- VI. Special Features of the Flora and Fauna172
- VII. Geological History177
- Acknowledgements180
- References181
- Chapter 4. Isopods and Their Terrestrial Environment187
- I. Summary188
- II. Introduction188
- III. Anatomical Adaptations of Isopods Settling on Land189
- IV. Behavioural Adaptations in Isopods196
- V. Physiological Adaptations of Isopods205
- VI. How Isopods Utilize Their Food Resources211
- VII. Isopod Habitat Selection and Dispersal Patterns214
- VIII. Reproductive Patterns, Energetics and Strategies215
- IX. Population Structure and Fluctuations226
- X. Discussion and Conclusions227
- Acknowledgements229
- References229
- Chapter 5. El Niňo Effects on Southern California Kelp Forest Communities243
- I. Introduction243
- II. Southern Caifornia Kelp Forest Communities245
- III. The Physical Environment: Relationship of the California Current to ENSO Events250
- IV. The 1982–1984 El NiŇo in California251
- V. Storm Effects on Kelp Forests253
- VI. Events Subsequent to the Storms255
- VII. Effects on Higher Trophic Levels259
- VIII. Prospects for Recovery266
- IX. Discussion267
- Acknowledgements274
- References274
- Chapter 6. Communities of Parasitoids Associated with Leafhoppers and Planthoppers in Europe281
- General Introduction282
- Part 1: General Biology, Systematics and Taxonomy of Parasitoids284
- I. Introduction284
- II. Egg Parasitoids285
- III. Parasitoids of Nymphs and Adults299
- IV. Hyperparasitism and Multiple Parasitism of Auchenorrhyncha330
- Part 2: Ecological and Experimental Studies332
- V. Introduction332
- VI. Mymaridae, Trichogrammatidae and Eulophidae338
- VII. Dryinidae343
- VIII. Pipunculidae347
- IX. Strepsiptera351
- X. Hyperparasitoids354
- XI. General Discussion354
- Acknowledgements362
- References362
- Appendices377
- I. Mymaridae377
- II. Dryinidae377
- III. Pipunculidae377
- IV. Strepsiptera377
- V. Hosts of European Ismarus spp377
- Index403
Advances in Ecological Research