Elsevier S & T

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics

Hawkes, Peter W.

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Table of contents
  • Copyright Pageiv
  • Contentsv
  • Contributorsxi
  • Prefacexv
  • Forewordxvii
  • Congress and Other Abbreviationsxix
  • Acknowledgmentsxxi
  • Future Contributionsxxiii
  • Part I: Introduction1
  • Chapter 1.1 Charles Oatley: Father of Modern Scanning Electron Microscopy3
  • Chapter 1.2 The Early History of the Scanning Electron Microscope7
  • Part II: The Scanning Electron Microscope at the Cambridge University Engineering Department35
  • Chapter 2.1A The Development of the First Cambridge Scanning Electron Microscope, 1948–195337
  • Chapter 2.1B An Improved Scanning Electron Microscope for Opaque Specimens59
  • Chapter 2.2A Exploring the Potential of the Scanning Electron Microscope93
  • Chapter 2.2B The Scanning Electron Microscope and its Fields of Application111
  • Chapter 2.3 Building a Scanning Electron Microscope127
  • Chapter 2.4A Contrast Formation in the Scanning Electron Microscope137
  • Chapter 2.4B Wide-Band Detector for Micro-microampere Low-Energy Electron Currents147
  • Chapter 2.5 A Simple Scanning Electron Microscope153
  • Chapter 2.6 New Applications of the Scanning Electron Microscope159
  • Chapter 2.7A A. D. G. Stewart and an Early Biological Application of the Scanning Electron Microsco165
  • Chapter 2.7B Investigation of the Topography of Ion Bombarded Surfaces with a Scanning Electron Mic175
  • Chapter 2.8 The Scanning Electron Microscopy of Hot and Electron-Emitting Specimens179
  • Chapter 2.9A Towards Higher-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy187
  • Chapter 2.9B High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy195
  • Chapter 2.10 The Application of the Scanning Electron Microscope to Microfabrication and Nanofabrica207
  • Chapter 2.11 Scanning Electron Diffraction: A Survey of the Work of C. W. B. Grigson227
  • Part III: The Development of Electron Probe Instruments at the Cavendish Laboratory and the Tube Inv235
  • Chapter 3.1 The Development of the X-ray Projection Microscope and the X-ray Microprobe Analyser at237
  • Chapter 3.2A The Contributions of W. C. Nixon and J. V. P. Long to X-ray Microscopy and Microanalysi251
  • Chapter 3.2B X-Ray Projection Microscopy253
  • Chapter 3.2C Microanalysis259
  • Chapter 3.3A Development of the Scanning Electron Probe Microanalyser, 1953–1965269
  • Chapter 3.3B Micro-Analysis by a Flying-Spot X-Ray Method285
  • Chapter 3.4 Tube Investments Research Laboratories and the Scanning Electron Probe Microanalyser289
  • Part IV: Commercial Development309
  • Chapter 4.1A Commercial Exploitation of Research Initiated by Sir Charles Oatley311
  • Chapter 4.1B AEI Electron Microscopes„Background to the Development of a Commercial Scanning Elect317
  • Chapter 4.2A Microscan to Stereoscan at the Cambridge Instrument Company321
  • Chapter 4.2B A New Scanning Electron Microscope335
  • Chapter 4.3 Memories of the Scanning Electron Microscope at the Cambridge Instrument Company339
  • Chapter 4.4 From Microscopy to Lithography359
  • Chapter 4.5 Commercial Electron Beam Lithography in Cambridge, 1973–1999: A View from the Drawing387
  • Part V: Epilogue413
  • Chapter 5.1 Charles Oatley: The Later Years415
  • Chapter 5.2 The Detective Quantum Efficiency of the Scintillator/ Photomultiplier in the Scanning El419
  • Chapter 5.3 Professor Oatley Remembered437
  • Chapter 5.4 Recollections of Professor Oatley’s Reincarnation as a Research Student445
  • Chapter 5.5 My Life with the Stereoscan449
  • Chapter 5.6 Research at the Cambridge University Engineering Department Post-Stereoscan467
  • Chapter 5.7 The Development of Biological Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis469
  • Chapter 5.8 From the Scanning Electron Microscope to Nanolithography485
  • Appendices499
  • Appendix I Sir Charles William Oatley, O. B. E., F. R. S. (Royal Society Biographical Memoir)503
  • Appendix II A History of the Scanning Electron Microscope, 1928–1965523
  • Appendix III The Cambridge Instrument Company and Electron-Optical Innovation547
  • Index557
  • Color Page577
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780120147755
  • ISBN-13 9780080490106
  • Author Hawkes, Peter W.
  • Category Science
  • Subject Electron Microscopes & Microscopy

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* A special volume devoted principally to the
role of the late Sir Charles Oatley in the development of the scanning electron microscopeings

* It contains historical articles and reminiscences by most of the scientists who have worked on the scanning electron microscope in Oatley's laboratory

* Emphasizes broad and in depth article collaborations between world-renowned scientists in the field of image and electron physics

Although the scanning electron microscope had a prehistory in Germany and the USA, its real champion was Charles Oatley, who launched his project
in the Cambridge University Engineering Department shortly after the end of World War II. A first microscope was built successfully by D. McMullan, one
of the Guest Editors of this volume and a succession of progressively improved instruments followed. One in particular, built by K.C.A. Smith was commissioned specially for the Canadian Pulp and Paper Research Institute for use in their Montreal laboratories. All these efforts culminated in the commercial model built by the Cambridge Instrument Company and marketed in 1965 under the trade name, Stereoscan.
Although this story has been told on several occasions, in particular in these Advances, it seemed appropriate, in the centenary year of the birth of Sir Charles Oatley, that more details should be published to celebrate these achievements. This volume is the result.

It contains not only historical articles and reminiscences by most of the scientists who have worked on the scanning electron microscope in Oatley's laboratory but also full or partial reproductions of many of the key publications, beginning with McMullan's early paper of 1953 and including Oatley's own "Early history of the scanning electron microscope" (1982). A website has been created, in which supplementary material is collected.

This volume is a tribute to a bold pioneering scientist and a vivid record of the creation of the first commercial scanning electron microscopes and of subsequent developments.



* A special volume devoted principally to the
role of the late Sir Charles Oatley in the development of the scanning electron microscopeings
* It contains historical articles and reminiscences by most of the scientists who have worked on the scanning electron microscope in Oatley's laboratory
* Emphasizes broad and in depth article collaborations between world-renowned scientists in the field of image and electron physics