Elsevier S & T

Advances in Immunology

Alt, Frederick W.

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Table of contents
  • Contentsv
  • Contributorsix
  • Chapter 1: New Insights into Adaptive Immunity in Chronic Neuroinflammation1
  • 1. Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis Is a Heterogeneous Inflammatory Disease of the Nervous System2
  • 2. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis as a Model for MS3
  • 3. Current Knowledge About Induction and Perseveration of Chronic Neuroinflammation5
  • 3.1. General considerations5
  • 3.2. CD4+ T helper cells in chronic neuroinflammation5
  • 3.3. CD8+ T cells in neuroinflammation: A never-ending controversy15
  • 3.4. B cells and antibody-mediated immune responses in chronic neuroinflammation17
  • 4. Therapeutic Approaches to Chronic Neuroinflammation20
  • 4.1. General considerations20
  • 4.2. Current therapeutic concepts21
  • 4.3. New therapeutic concepts23
  • Acknowledgments29
  • References29
  • Chapter 2: Regulation of Interferon-gamma During Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses41
  • 1. Introduction43
  • 2. IFN-gamma-Producing Cells45
  • 2.1. NK cells45
  • 2.2. NKT cells45
  • 2.3. CD8 T cells46
  • 2.4. CD4 T cells play multiple roles in adaptive immunity46
  • 3. Signaling Pathways Controlling IFN-gamma Production by NK Cells48
  • 3.1. NK receptors provide a dynamic rheostat to control NK cell responses48
  • 3.2. IL-12 is a potent activator of IFN-gamma production in NK cells49
  • 3.3. IL-15 and IL-2 regulate NK cell development and contribute to IFN-g production51
  • 3.4. TGF-beta is a negative regulator of IFN-gamma production and NK cell development51
  • 4. Control of IFN-gamma Production by NKT Cells52
  • 5. Signaling Pathways in the Differentiation of CD4 and CD8 T Cells53
  • 5.1. Naive T cells require antigen stimulation for proliferation and effector commitment53
  • 5.2. T cells require cytokine signals for sustained IFN-gamma expression54
  • 5.3. Other factors influencing Th1 lineage commitment57
  • 5.4. TGF-beta and IL-6 negatively regulate IFN-gamma production and Th1 development58
  • 5.5. IFN-gamma production by memory T cells in response to cytokine stimulation59
  • 6. Transcription Factors Downstream of the TCR, Activating NK Receptors, and Cytokine Receptors60
  • 6.1. Factors downstream of the TCR, costimulatory, and activating NK receptors60
  • 6.2. STATs are activated in response to cytokine receptor signaling68
  • 6.3. T-box family members are crucial for IFN-gamma secretion70
  • 7. Epigenetic Processes Govern Plasticity of Cell Fate Choices and Help to Identify Distal Regulator72
  • 8. Transcriptional Regulatory Elements Within the Ifng Gene74
  • 8.1. Regulatory elements within the Ifng promoter and gene74
  • 8.2. Identification of candidate distal regulatory elements in the Ifng locus77
  • 9. Functional Analysis of Candidate Distal Regulatory Elements in the Ifng Locus82
  • 10. Conclusions and Future Directions84
  • Acknowledgments42
  • References42
  • Chapter 3: The Expansion and Maintenance of Antigen-Selected CD8+ T Cell Clones103
  • 1. Background105
  • 1.1. Introduction105
  • 1.2. Subsets of antigen-selected CD8+ T cells: Central memory, effector memory, and effector cells106
  • 1.3. Central memory CD8+ T cells generate new effector CD8+ T cells107
  • 1.4. Current models for development of antigen-stimulated CD8+ T cells108
  • 2. The Behavior of the CD8+ T Cell in Persistent Viral Infections111
  • 2.1. Persistent CD8+ T cell stimulation and expansion: "Inflationary" epitopes111
  • 2.2. Cellular senescence despite continued clonal expansion113
  • 2.3. Clonal persistence versus clonal succession114
  • 2.4. Molecular requirements for clonal persistence114
  • 3. Clarifying the Role of IL-2 in the Clonal Expansion and Effector Differentiation of the CD8+ T Ce115
  • 3.1. Is IL-2 "the" or "a" mediator of CD8+ T cell clonal expansion?115
  • 3.2. CD8+ T cell clonal expansion without IL-2R signaling116
  • 4. Coreceptors Mediating IL-2-Independent CD8+ T Cell Clonal Expansion118
  • 4.1. CD27118
  • 4.2. Other coreceptors120
  • 5. Modifying the Antiproliferative Effects of Types I and II IFN120
  • 5.1. The effects of types I and II IFN on CD8+ T cells121
  • 5.2. Regulating IFN-gammaR expression121
  • 5.3. Stat1 as a "Switch" determining the effects of types I and II IFN on proliferation122
  • 6. Transcriptional Control of Replicative Senescence: Bmi-1, Blimp-1, and BCL6/BCL6b123
  • 7. A Refined Model for CD8+ T Cell Clonal Expansion: Sequential Phases of CD27-Dependent Self-Renewa126
  • 8. Clinical Extensions of the TCR/CD27 Pathway: Adoptive CD8+ T Cell Therapy127
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Inherited Complement Regulatory Protein Deficiency Predisposes to Human Disease in Acute141
  • 1. Altered Self Triggers Innate Immunity143
  • 1.1. Acute injury143
  • 1.2. Debris accumulation144
  • 2. Regulation of the Alternative Complement Pathway145
  • 2.1. Overview of activation145
  • 2.2. Regulation of the alternative complement pathway148
  • 2.3. Regulatory proteins148
  • 3. Lessons from Homozygous Complement Regulatory Protein Deficiencies153
  • 3.1. Plasma proteins FH and FI153
  • 3.2. Membrane proteins MCP and Crry153
  • 4. Complement and Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome154
  • 4.1. Hemolytic uremic syndrome154
  • 4.2. Factor H155
  • 4.3. FH-related genes157
  • 4.4. Membrane cofactor protein: CD46157
  • 4.5. Factor I159
  • 4.6. Factor B159
  • 4.7. Disease penetrance160
  • 5. Complement and Age-Related Macular Degeneration160
  • 5.1. Age-related macular degeneration160
  • 5.2. Factor H161
  • 5.3. Factor B/C2163
  • 6. Immunopathogenesis of aHUS and AMD163
  • 6.1. Atypical HUS163
  • 6.2. Age-related macular degeneration166
  • 7. Treatment of aHUS and AMD167
  • 7.1. Treatment options for aHUS167
  • 7.2. Treatment options for AMD168
  • 8. Conclusions: Lessons and Implications168
  • References
  • Chapter 5: Fc-Receptors as Regulators of Immunity179
  • 1. Introduction180
  • 2. The Family of Activating and Inhibitory FcRs181
  • 3. Activating and Inhibitory FcR Signaling Pathways183
  • 4. The Role of Activating and Inhibitory FcRs on Innate Immune Effector Cells185
  • 5. Modulation of Antibody Activity188
  • 6. Activating and Inhibitory FcR Expression on DCs190
  • 7. FcgammaRIIB as a Master Regulator of Humoral Tolerance and Plasma Cell Survival192
  • 8. Summary and Outlook195
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Index205
  • Contents of Recent Volumes211
  • Color Plate Section216
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780123737090
  • ISBN-13 9780080554914
  • Author Alt, Frederick W.
  • Category Medical
  • Subject Immunology

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Advances in Immunology, a long-established and highly respected publication, presents current developments as well as comprehensive reviews in immunology. Articles address the wide range of topics that comprise immunology, including molecular and cellular activation mechanisms, phylogeny and molecular evolution, and clinical modalities. Edited and authored by the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future research.