Aquatic Ecosystems: Interactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter: Interactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter
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Table of contents
- Contentsv
- Contributorsxiii
- Prefacexvii
- SECTION ONE: SOURCES AND COMPOSITION1
- Chapter 1. Supply of Dissolved Organic Matter to Aquatic Ecosystems: Autochthonous Sources3
- I. Introduction3
- II. Algal Sources of Dissolved Organic Matter4
- III. Macrophyte Production of Dissolved Organic Matter15
- IV. Summary18
- References19
- Chapter 2. Sources, Production, and Regulation of Allochthonous Dissolved Organic Matter Inputs to S25
- I. Introduction26
- II. Source, Production, and Fractions of Dissolved Organic Matter28
- III. Regulation of Allochthonous Dissolved Organic Carbon and Dissolved Organic Nitrogen51
- References59
- Chapter 3. Trace Organic Moieties of Dissolved Organic Material in Natural Waters71
- I. Introduction71
- II. Tracers of the Source of DOM in Aquatic Ecosystems74
- III. Biogeochemical Processes: Interactions with Mineral Surfaces86
- IV. Biogeochemical Processes: Surface Water to Sediments88
- V. Conclusions91
- References93
- Chapter 4.The Role of Monomers in Stream Ecosystem Metabolism97
- I. Introduction97
- II. Monomer Sources and Concentrations99
- III. Factors Affecting Biological Lability106
- IV. Conclusions112
- References113
- Chapter 5. Molecular Indicators of the Bioavailability of Dissolved Organic Matter121
- I. Introduction121
- II. Chemical Composition of Dissolved Organic Matter122
- III. Bioreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter128
- IV. Relationships between the Chemical Composition and Bioreactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter129
- References135
- Chapter 6. Large-Scale Patterns in Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration, Flux, and Sources139
- I. Introduction139
- II. Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentrations140
- III. Dissolved Organic Carbon Exports in Rivers and Streams147
- IV. Sources of Dissolved Organic Carbon152
- V. Synthesis and Future Research Needs154
- References157
- Chapter 7. The Speciation of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds by Dissolved Organic Matter161
- I. Introduction161
- II. Theoretical Considerations163
- III. Analytical Methods for Measuring Kdom167
- IV. The Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter Composition on Hydrophobic Organic Contaminant Speciation174
- V. Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter on Hydrophobic Organic Contaminant Bioavailability to Aquatic178
- VI. Conclusions179
- References180
- Chapter 8. Elemental Complexation by Dissolved Organic Matter in Lakes: Implications for Fe Speciati185
- I. Introduction186
- II. Biological Importance of Fe189
- III. Biological Fe Demand in Brown- versus Clear-Water Systems190
- IV. DOM and Fe Chemistry in Freshwater192
- V. The DOM-Fe-P Complex in Lakes194
- VI. Factors Influencing the Bioavailability of Fe and P Bound to DOM199
- VII. Elemental Acquisition in Humic Lakes: Implications for Ecosystem Structure and Function205
- VIII. Conclusions206
- References207
- SECTION TWO: TRANSFORMATION AND REGULATION215
- Chapter 9. The Contribution of Monomers and Other Low-Molecular Weight Compounds to the Flux of Diss217
- I. Introduction218
- II. Uptake of Amino Acids and Glucose218
- III. Uptake of Other Monomers and LMW Compounds: Organic Acids226
- IV. Respiration of Monomers228
- V. Coupling Polymer Hydrolysis and Monomer Uptake229
- VI. Specific Bacteria Using Amino Acids and Protein: Functional Groups of Heterotrophic Bacteria232
- VII. Heterotrophic Bacteria as More Than One Functional Group: Does It Matter?235
- VIII. Unknowns, Unresolved Issues, and Conclusions236
- References237
- Chapter 10. Photochemically Mediated Linkages between Dissolved Organic Matter and Bacterioplankton243
- I. Introduction244
- II. Is Dissolved Organic Matter Photoproduct Formation Predictable?245
- III. Is Dissolved Organic Matter Photoproduct Formation Ecologically Significant?255
- IV. Photochemical Modifications of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen and Dissolved Organic Phosphorus258
- V. Conclusions258
- References259
- Chapter 11. The Importance of Organic Nitrogen Production in Aquatic Systems: A Landscape Perspectiv263
- I. Introduction263
- II. Model268
- III. System Results269
- IV. Discussion276
- References279
- Chapter 12. The Role of Biofilms in the Uptake and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter285
- I. Introduction285
- II. Biofilm Structure288
- III. Supply of Dissolved Organic Matter to Biofilm Bacteria289
- IV. Effects of the Biofllm on Microbial Activity299
- V. Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter Quality and Quantity on the Activity of Biofllm Bacteria300
- VI. Ecosystem Consequences304
- VII. Conclusions306
- References306
- Chapter 13. Microbial Extracellular Enzymes and Their Role in Dissolved Organic Matter Cycling315
- I. The Role of Extracellular Enzymes in Carbon Remineralization316
- II. Biochemical Aspects of Enzyme Production and Activity316
- III. Measuring Enzyme Activities in Aquatic Systems319
- IV. Extracellular Enzyme Activities in the Water Column and Sediment321
- V. Patterns of Enzyme Activities324
- VI. Relationships between Hydrolysis and Uptake327
- VII. Some Key Questions330
- VIII. Research Needs336
- References337
- Chapter 14. Linkages between Dissolved Organic Matter Composition and Bacterial Community Structure343
- I. Introduction343
- II. Methodological Shift345
- III. Relationship between Bacterial Community Structure and Dissolved Organic Matter Composition348
- IV. Conclusions356
- References359
- Chapter 15. Bacterial Response to Variation in Dissolved Organic Matter363
- I. Introduction363
- II. Bacterial Response Variables364
- III. Time Scale and Scope of Bacterial Response Variables373
- IV. Conclusions376
- References377
- SECTION THREE: APPROACHES TO SYNTHESIS381
- Chapter 16. Physiological Models in the Context of Microbial Food Webs383
- I. Introduction383
- II. Trophic Mechanisms Controlling Bacterial Consumption384
- III. Organic Forms of Limiting Element (Labile Dissolved Organic Nitrogen and Dissolved Organic Phos388
- IV. Bacterial Physiology389
- V. Dissolved Organic Matter Production Side392
- VI. Conclusions395
- References395
- Chapter 17. Patterns in Dissolved Organic Matter Lability and Consumption across Aquatic Ecosystems399
- I. Introduction400
- II. Data Collection402
- III. Data Analysis405
- IV. Patterns of Dissolved Organic Matter Lability among Systems407
- V. Lability of Specific Types of Dissolved Organic Matter409
- VI. Cross-System Patterns in Dissolved Organic Matter Consumption410
- VII. Patterns of Lability along Dissolved Organic Matter Gradients412
- VIII. Temporal Patterns in Dissolved Organic Matter Lability414
- IX. Bioassay versus Metabolic Estimates of Dissolved Organic Matter Consumption414
- X. Factors That Influence Dissolved Organic Matter Lability in Bioassays417
- XI. Conclusions419
- References420
- Chapter 18. Integrating Dissolved Organic Matter Metabolism and Microbial Diversity: An Overview of425
- I. Introduction426
- II. Community Structure Domain426
- III. Biogeochemical Domain430
- IV. Trophic Domain439
- V. Summary448
- References449
- Chapter 19. Dissolved Organic Carbon: Detrital Energetics, Metabolic Regulators, and Drivers of Ecos455
- I. Introduction455
- II. Seven Directions of DOM Thought and Understanding461
- References475
- Chapter 20. Dissolved Organic Matter: Out of the Black Box into the Mainstream479
- I. Introduction479
- II. DOM–Microbial Interactions482
- III. DOM–Physicochemical Interactions489
- References496
- Index499
Aquatic Ecosystems explains the interplay between various movements of matter and energy through ecosystems mediated by Dissolved Organic Matter. This book provides information on how much DOM there is in a particular aquatic ecosystem and where it originates. It explains whether the DOM composition varies from time to time and place to place. It also details how DOM becomes incorporated into microbial food webs, and gives a better, clarifying, understanding to its significance of DOM.
Dissolved Organic Matter (called DOM) is incredibly important in all aquatic ecosystems. Although it might seem that logs and leaves are more important, in fact the DOM is more crucial because the DOM is in a form that is available for use by all the organisms living in the the water. Furthermore, DOM influences complex food webs by mediating the availability of aquatic nutrients, metals, salts and minerals. DOM also affects water clarity, which of course has alters the way animals and plants live and feed in the water.
There are many ways to study DOM and this book focuses on several central questions. How much DOM is there in a particular aquatic ecosytem? Where does it come from? Does the composition of the DOM vary from time to time and place to palce? How does DOM become incorporated into microbial food webs, which are the basis of plant, invertebrate and vertebrate food webs? How can the answers to these and other questions about DOM be considered together so that a better understanding of the significance of DOM can emerge?
Dissolved Organic Matter (called DOM) is incredibly important in all aquatic ecosystems. Although it might seem that logs and leaves are more important, in fact the DOM is more crucial because the DOM is in a form that is available for use by all the organisms living in the the water. Furthermore, DOM influences complex food webs by mediating the availability of aquatic nutrients, metals, salts and minerals. DOM also affects water clarity, which of course has alters the way animals and plants live and feed in the water.
There are many ways to study DOM and this book focuses on several central questions. How much DOM is there in a particular aquatic ecosytem? Where does it come from? Does the composition of the DOM vary from time to time and place to palce? How does DOM become incorporated into microbial food webs, which are the basis of plant, invertebrate and vertebrate food webs? How can the answers to these and other questions about DOM be considered together so that a better understanding of the significance of DOM can emerge?