Atomic Force Microscopy in Cell Biology
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Copyright Pageiv
- Contentsv
- Contributorsxi
- Prefacexiii
- Chapter 1. Local Probe Techniques1
- I. Introduction1
- II. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy4
- III. Atomic Force Microscopy7
- IV. Force Spectroscopy13
- V. Photonic Force Microscopy20
- References29
- Chapter 2. The Atomic Force Microscope in the Study of Membrane Fusion and Exocytosis33
- I. Introduction33
- II. Methods35
- III. AFM Studies on Live Cells37
- IV. Identification of New Plasma Membrane Structures Involved in Exocytosis39
- V. Future of AFM in the Study of Live Cells47
- References48
- Chapter 3. Atomic Force Microscope Imaging of Cells and Membranes51
- I. Introduction52
- II. AFM Equipment52
- III. AFM Operating Modes53
- IV. Requirements for the Imaging of Intact Cells53
- V. Imaging of Cells56
- VI. Imaging of Isolated Membranes63
- VII. Conclusion and Perspectives63
- References64
- Chapter 4. Measuring the Elastic Properties of Living Cells by the Atomic Force Microscope67
- I. Introduction67
- II. Principles of Measurement70
- III. Application to Cells74
- IV. Mechanics of Cellular Dynamics84
- V. Summary86
- References87
- Chapter 5. Cell Adhesion Measured by Force Spectroscopy on Living Cells91
- I. Introduction91
- II. Instrumentation92
- III. Preparations of the Force Sensor for Measurements with Living Cells94
- IV. Cell Culture109
- V. Final Remarks110
- References111
- Chapter 6. Molecular Recognition Studies Using the Atomic Force Microscope115
- I. Introduction115
- II. Experimental Approach117
- III. Dynamic Force Spectroscopy124
- IV. Recognition Imaging133
- References137
- Chapter 7. The Biophysics of Sensory Cells of the Inner Ear Examined by Atomic Force Microscopy and141
- I. Introduction142
- II. Morphology and Function of Cochlear Hair Cells143
- III. AFM Technology147
- IV. Applications155
- V. Discussion165
- VI. Outlook166
- References167
- Chapter 8. Biotechnological Applications of Atomic Force Microscopy171
- I. Introduction172
- II. Methods174
- III. Analysis178
- IV. Application Examples182
- V. Future Directions and Improvements188
- References190
- Chapter 9. Cellular Membranes Studied by Photonic Force Microscopy193
- I. Introduction193
- II. Photonic Force Microscopy194
- III. Experimental Considerations199
- References211
- Chapter 10. Methods for Biological Probe Microscopy in Aqueous Fluids213
- I. Introduction214
- II. Substrates/Surfaces215
- III. Basic Methods for Atomic Force Microscopy in Aqueous Fluids215
- IV. Molecular Force Probing223
- V. Advanced Fluid Handling225
- VI. Conclusion228
- References228
- Chapter 11. Supported Lipid Bilayers as Effective Substrates for Atomic Force Microscopy231
- I. Introduction231
- II. Preparation of the Supported Bilayer Substrates232
- III. Examples of Applications236
- IV. Summary240
- References240
- Chapter 12. Cryo–Atomic Force Microscopy243
- I. Introduction243
- II. Designs and Instrumentation244
- III. Applications in Structural Biology248
- IV. Deep Etching as the Preferred Sample Preparation Method252
- V. New Directions253
- References254
- Chapter 13. Conformations, Flexibility, and Interactions Observed on Individual Membrane Proteins by257
- I. Introduction258
- II. High-Resolution AFM Imaging260
- III. Identification of Membrane Proteins264
- IV. Observing the Oligomerization of Membrane Proteins270
- V. Unraveling the Conformational Variability of Membrane Proteins272
- VI. Comparing AFM Topographs to Atomic Models275
- VII. Conformational Changes of Native Membrane Proteins278
- VIII. Observing the Assembly of Membrane Proteins285
- IX. Detecting Intra– and Intermolecular Forces of Proteins287
- X. Conclusions and Perspectives289
- References292
- Chapter 14. Single-Molecule Force Measurements301
- I. Introduction301
- II. Experimental Design302
- III. Applications306
- References308
- Chapter 15. Forced Unfolding of Single Proteins311
- I. Introduction312
- II. The Biological System313
- III. Forced Unfolding317
- IV. Analysis321
- V. Models324
- VI. Conclusions and Prospects328
- VII. Appendices328
- References334
- Chapter 16. Developments in Dynamic Force Microscopy and Spectroscopy337
- I. Introduction337
- II. Active Q Control340
- III. Application of Active Q-Control AFM344
- IV. Transverse Dynamic Force Techniques351
- V. Conclusions354
- References354
- Chapter 17. Scanning Force Microscopy Studies on the Structure and Dynamics of Single DNA Molecules357
- I. Introduction358
- II. The Control of Adsorption of DNA on Surfaces359
- III. Air Imaging of DNA: Which Present, Which Future?366
- IV. Imaging DNA in Fluid370
- V. DNA Manipulation with the SFM: The Controlled Dissection of DNA377
- VI. The Study of DNA Conformations and Mechanics: Curvature and Flexibility379
- VII. An Interesting Issue: The Shape of Supercoiled DNA385
- VIII. Conclusions and Perspectives388
- References389
- Index397
- Volumes in Series409
This is the first book to cover the history, structure, and application of atomic force microscopy in cell biology. Presented in the clear, well-illustrated style of the Methods in Cell Biology series, it introduces the AFM to its readers and enables them to tap the power and scope of this technology to further their own research. A practical laboratory guide for use of the atomic force and photonic force microscopes, it provides updated technology and methods in force spectroscopy. It is also a comprehensive and easy-to-follow practical laboratory guide for the use of the AFM and PFM in biological research.