Elsevier S & T

Avian Embryology

Bronner-Fraser, Marianne

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Table of contents

Cover
Avian Embryologyiii
Copyright Pageiv
Contentsv
Contributorsxi
Prefacexv
Chapter 1: Operations on Primitive Streak Stage Avian Embryos3
I. Introduction3
II. Staging of Embryos4
III. Anatomy of the Primitive Streak Stage Embryo6
IV. New Culture8
V. Hensen's Node Grafts and Other Induction Assays10
VI. Other Types of Graft14
VII. Fixing Operated Embryos for Analysis15
References16
Part I: Embryological Microsurgery and Tissue Culture Methods1
Chapter 2: Quail-Chick Transplantations19
I. Introduction20
II. Differential Diagnosis of Quail and Chick Cells23
III. Material and Equipment27
IV. Egg Holders28
V. Preparation and Sealing of Eggs31
VI. Neural Tissue Transplantations31
VII. Early Transplantations in Blastodiscs39
VIII. Transplantation of Epiblast or Primitive Streak Fragments40
IX. Hemopoietic Organ Rudiment Transplantations40
X. Genetic Manipulation by Electroporation in the Quail-Chick System47
XI. Results, Discussion, and Perspectives49
Acknowledgments52
References52
Chapter 3: Other Chimeras: Quail-Duck and Mouse-Chick59
I. Introduction60
II. Preparation of Quail, Duck, Chick, and Mouse Embryos62
III. Generation and Analysis of Quail-Duck Chimeras65
IV. Generation and Analysis of Mouse-Chick Chimeras67
V. Conclusion71
References71
Chapter 4: Manipulations of Neural Crest Cells or Their Migratory Pathways75
I. Introduction76
II. Preparation of Avian Neural Crest Cultures76
III. Induction and Specification Assays for Neural Crest Cells84
IV. Microinjection of Cells and Antibodies into Embryos88
V. Labeling of Neural Crest Cells In Vivo with Vital Dyes90
VI. Grafting Techniques92
VII. Conclusions94
References95
Chapter 5: Embryo Slices and Strips: Guidance and Adhesion Assays in the Avian Embryo97
I. Introduction98
II. Preparing and Culturing Embryo Slices98
III. Preparing and Culturing Somite Strips104
IV. Perspectives108
References112
Chapter 6: Neural Crest, Sensory Neuron, and Muscle Cultures115
I. Introduction116
II. Materials117
III. Methods119
IV. Neural Crest Culture120
V. Sensory Neuron Culture122
VI. Pectoral Muscle Culture126
VII. Results and Discussions127
References130
Chapter 7: Methods in Avian Embryology Experimental and Molecular Manipulation of the Embryonic Chic135
I. Introduction136
II. Visualization of the Limb Bud and Analysis of the Experimental Outcome137
III. Proximal-Distal Limb Development139
IV. Anterior-Posterior Patterning147
V. Dorsal-Ventral (D-V) Patterning150
References150
Chapter 8: Cell Division, Differentiation, and Death in Avian Embryos153
I. Introduction153
II. Studies in Cell Death154
III. Studies in Cell Proliferation and Differentiation155
IV. Selected Protocols156
References164
Part II: Labeling and Transgenesis Approaches167
Chapter 9: In Situ Hybridization Analysis of Chick Embryos in Whole-Mount and Tissue Sections169
I. Introduction170
II. Solutions171
III. Single and Multiple Detection of RNA in Floating Sections or Whole-Mount Embryos172
IV. Photography and Sectioning179
V. Whole-Mount Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization179
VI. Photography and Sectioning182
VII. In Situ Hybridization to Tissue Sections182
References185
Chapter 10: Vital Labeling of Embryonic Cells Using Fluorescent Dyes and Proteins187
I. Introduction188
II. Iontophoretic Microinjection of Lineage Tracers189
III. Iontophoretic Application of DiI198
IV. Relative Advantages of Dextran and DiI200
V. Photoactivation of Fluorescent Proteins in Single Cells200
VI. Conclusions and Emerging Technologies208
References208
Chapter 11: Time-Lapse Imaging of the Early Avian Embryo211
I. Introduction212
II. The Technology of Time-Lapse Imaging214
III. Considerations Before Time-Lapse Imaging218
IV. Methods222
References233
Chapter 12: Gain- and Loss-of-Function Approaches in the Chick Embryo237
I. Gain-of-Function by Electroporation239
II. Loss-of-Function by Electroporation243
III. Retrovirus-Mediated Protein Expression251
References254
Chapter 13: Manipulation and Electroporation of the Avian Segmental Plate and Somites In Vitro257
I. Introduction258
II. Rationale259
III. Methods260
IV. Materials266
V. Discussion267
VI. Summary269
Acknowledgments269
References269
Chapter 14: Transposon-Mediated Stable Integration and Tetracycline-Inducible Expression of Electrop271
I. Introduction272
II. Tet-Inducible Expression of Electroporated Transgenes272
III. Stable Integration of Electroporated Transgenes276
IV. Stage-Specific Manipulation of Stably Integrated Transgenes278
V. Summary278
Acknowledgments280
References280
Chapter 15: Generating Transgenic Quail using Lentiviruses281
I. Introduction282
II. Experimental Procedures284
III. Concluding Remarks291
Acknowledgments291
References291
Part III: Functional Genomics295
Chapter 16: Gene Discovery: Macroarrays and Microarrays297
I. Introduction298
II. Chicken as a Model System: Integrating Embryology and Genomics298
III. The Array: Choosing a Platform299
IV. Strategy: Devising the Best Screen Possible302
V. Analysis: Sorting through Several Thousand Data Points303
VI. Protocol: Macroarray Screening304
References311
Chapter 17: Dissection of Chick Genomic Regulatory Regions313
I. Introduction314
II. Rationale315
III. Methods319
IV. Discussion329
Acknowledgments335
References335
Chapter 18: Computational Approaches to Finding and Analyzing cis-Regulatory Elements337
I. Structure and Function of cis-Regulatory Elements338
II. Effective cis-Regulatory Sequence Analysis339
III. Approaches and Tools for Finding Conserved Sequence Elements342
IV. Identifying Transcription Factor Binding Sites Computationally352
Acknowledgments363
References363
Chapter 19: Investigating Regulatory Factors and Their DNA Binding Affinities Through Real Time Quan367
I. Introduction368
II. Materials for RT-QPCR373
III. General Principles and Definitions375
IV. Types of Assays376
V. Methods of Analysis378
VI. Assay Setup380
VII. ChIP and RT-QPCR381
VIII. Conclusions and Perspectives387
Acknowledgements389
References389
Relevant Websites389
Index391
Volumes in Series401

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780125641746
ISBN-13 9780080878799
Author Bronner-Fraser, Marianne
Edition 2nd
Category Science
Subject Developmental Biology

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This revised edition will continue to serve as the most complete and up-to-date guide to the use of the avian embryo in studies of vertebrate development. It will include new approaches to analysis of the chick genome, gene knock-out studies using RNA interference, morpholinos, and other cutting edge techniques. As with the original edition, emphasis has been placed on providing practical guidance, highlighting potentials and pitfalls of all key cell biological and embryological techniques.

*fully revised second edition
*organized into basic and advanced Methods
*new section on Functional Genomics

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