Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes

Vance, J.E.; Vance, Dennis E.

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Table of contents
  • Cover
  • Prefacev
  • List of contributorsvii
  • Contentsxi
  • Chapter 1. Functional roles of lipids in membranes1
  • 1. Introduction and overview2
  • 2. Diversity in lipid structure3
  • 3. Properties of lipids in solution7
  • 4. Engineering of membrane lipid composition14
  • 5. Role of lipids in cell function17
  • 6. Summary and future directions35
  • Abbreviations36
  • References36
  • Chapter 2. Lipid modifications of proteins39
  • 1. Introduction39
  • 2. Protein prenylation41
  • 3. Fatty acylation of proteins: N-myristoylation43
  • 4. Fatty acylation of proteins: S-acylation44
  • 5. Membrane anchoring of fatty acylated and prenylated proteins: the two-signal hypothesis, lipid sw46
  • 6. Membrane targeting and intracellular trafficking of fatty acylated and prenylated proteins48
  • 7. Lipid modifications of secreted proteins: Hedgehog, Wingless/ Wnt, and Spitz49
  • 8. GPI anchoring of proteins51
  • 9. Future directions56
  • Abbreviations57
  • References57
  • Chapter 3. Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism in prokaryotes59
  • 1. Bacterial lipid metabolism60
  • 2. Membrane systems of bacteria63
  • 3. Bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis64
  • 4. Transfer to the membrane71
  • 5. Phospholipid biosynthesis72
  • 6. Lipid A biosynthesis77
  • 7. Phospholipid flippase79
  • 8. Degradation of fatty acids and phospholipids80
  • 9. Phospholipid turnover84
  • 10. Regulation of lipid metabolism86
  • 11. Lipid metabolism in other bacteria90
  • 12. Inhibitors of lipid metabolism93
  • 13. Future directions94
  • Abbreviations94
  • References95
  • Chapter 4. Lipid metabolism in plants97
  • 1. Introduction98
  • 2. Plant lipid geography99
  • 3. Acyl-ACP synthesis in plants101
  • 4. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and control of fatty acid synthesis104
  • 5. Phosphatidic acid synthesis: ‘prokaryotic’ and ‘eukaryotic’ acyltransferases104
  • 6. Glycerolipid biosynthetic pathways107
  • 7. Lipid storage in plants109
  • 8. Protective lipids: cutin, suberin, and waxes113
  • 9. Sterol, isoprenoid, and sphingolipid biosynthesis115
  • 10. Oxylipins as plant hormones116
  • 11. Progress in plant lipid research: the value of mutants118
  • 12. Design of new plant oils122
  • 13. Future prospects127
  • Abbreviations128
  • References129
  • Chapter 5. Oxidation of fatty acids in eukaryotes131
  • 1. The pathway of -oxidation: a historical account131
  • 2. Uptake and activation of fatty acids in animal cells132
  • 3. Fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria134
  • 4. Fatty acid oxidation in peroxisomes146
  • 5. Inherited diseases of fatty acid oxidation151
  • 6. Future directions152
  • Abbreviations153
  • References153
  • Chapter 6. Fatty acid synthesis in eukaryotes155
  • 1. Introduction156
  • 2. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase157
  • 3. The cytosolic fatty acid synthase160
  • 4. The mitochondrial FAS170
  • 5. Regulation of fatty acid synthesis171
  • 6. Long-term regulation of fatty acid synthesis179
  • 7. Future directions187
  • Abbreviations188
  • References188
  • Chapter 7. Fatty acid desaturation and chain elongation in mammals191
  • 1. Introduction191
  • 2. Elongation reactions of long-chain fatty acids193
  • 3. Desaturation of long-chain fatty acid in mammals198
  • 4. Functions of fatty acids synthesized by ∆9, ∆6, and ∆5 desaturases203
  • 5. Transcriptional regulation of desaturases and elongases205
  • 6. Summary and future directions209
  • Abbreviations209
  • References210
  • Chapter 8. Phospholipid biosynthesis in eukaryotes213
  • 1. Introduction214
  • 2. Phosphatidic acid biosynthesis and conversion to diacylglycerol214
  • 3. Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis218
  • 4. Regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis224
  • 5. Phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis228
  • 6. Phosphatidylserine biosynthesis232
  • 7. Inositol phospholipids235
  • 8. Polyglycerophospholipids236
  • 9. Remodeling of acyl substituents of phospholipids238
  • 10. Regulation of gene expression in yeast240
  • 11. Future directions242
  • Abbreviations242
  • References243
  • Chapter 9. Ether-linked lipids and their bioactive species245
  • 1. Introduction246
  • 2. Structure247
  • 3. Historical highlights248
  • 4. Natural occurrence of ether lipids249
  • 5. Physical properties251
  • 6. Biologically active ether lipids252
  • 7. Enzymes involved in ether lipid synthesis and regulatory controls255
  • 8. Catabolic enzymes267
  • 9. Metabolic regulation271
  • 10. Functions272
  • 11. Future directions274
  • Abbreviations275
  • References275
  • Chapter 10. Lipid metabolism in adipose tissue277
  • 1. Introduction277
  • 2. Adipose development278
  • 3. Triacylglycerol biosynthesis and mobilization283
  • 4. Lipid-mediated signal transduction297
  • 5. Future directions302
  • Abbreviations303
  • References303
  • Chapter 11. Phospholipases305
  • 1. Overview305
  • 2. The phospholipases310
  • 3. Future directions327
  • Abbreviations327
  • References328
  • Chapter 12. The eicosanoids: cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and epoxygenase pathways331
  • 1. Introduction332
  • 2. Prostanoid biosynthesis335
  • 3. Prostanoid catabolism and mechanisms of action343
  • 4. Leukotrienes and lipoxygenase products344
  • 5. Cytochrome P-450s and epoxygenase pathways357
  • 6. Future directions360
  • Abbreviations360
  • References361
  • Chapter 13. Sphingolipids363
  • 1. Introduction364
  • 2. Biochemical properties and functions372
  • 3. Biosynthesis of sphingolipids375
  • 4. Sphingolipid catabolism385
  • 5. Overlaps between backbone sphingolipid signaling and sphingolipid metabolism391
  • 7. Perspectives and future directions394
  • Acknowledgments395
  • Abbreviations395
  • References396
  • Chapter 14. Cholesterol biosynthesis399
  • 1. Introduction399
  • 2. The cholesterol biosynthetic pathway401
  • 3. Regulation of cholesterol synthesis408
  • 4. Metabolism of cholesterol416
  • 5. Future directions419
  • Abbreviations419
  • References420
  • Chapter 15. Metabolism and function of bile acids423
  • 1. Introduction423
  • 2. Bile acid structure424
  • 3. Biosynthesis of bile acids426
  • 4. Transport of bile acids430
  • 5. Molecular regulation of key enzymes in the bile acid biosynthetic pathways432
  • 6. The expanding role of bile acids in metabolism436
  • 7. Future directions437
  • Abbreviations438
  • References438
  • Chapter 16. Lipid assembly into cell membranes441
  • 1. Introduction441
  • 2. The diversity of lipids442
  • 3. Methods to study intra- and intermembrane lipid transport443
  • 4. Lipid transport processes448
  • 5. Future directions482
  • Abbreviations483
  • References483
  • Chapter 17. Lipoprotein structure485
  • 1. Introduction485
  • 2. Lipid components488
  • 3. Apolipoproteins490
  • 4. Complexes of apolipoproteins with lipids497
  • 5. Future directions504
  • Abbreviations505
  • References505
  • Chapter 18. Assembly and secretion of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins507
  • 1. Overview of secretion of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins507
  • 2. Structural features of apo B510
  • 3. Transcriptional regulation of apo B synthesis512
  • 4. Models used for studying the secretion of apo B and VLDL514
  • 5. Covalent modification of apo B516
  • 6. Regulation of apo B secretion by lipid supply516
  • 7. Intracellular apo B quality control and degradation523
  • 8. Metabolic regulation of VLDL secretion: overproductionin in sulin-resistant states525
  • 9. Assembly and secretion of chylomicrons526
  • 10. Assembly of lipoprotein(a)528
  • 11. Future directions529
  • Abbreviations530
  • References530
  • Chapter 19. Dynamics of lipoprotein transport in the circulatory system533
  • 1. Overview533
  • 2. Lipoprotein TGs and hydrolysis537
  • 3. HDL and plasma cholesterol metabolism544
  • 4. Summary and future directions552
  • Abbreviations552
  • References552
  • Chapter 20. Lipoprotein receptors555
  • 1. Introduction556
  • 2. Removal of LDL from the circulation558
  • 3. Removal of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins from the plasma565
  • 4. Multifunctional receptors in the chicken567
  • 5. VLDL receptor, apo E receptor type 2 (apoER2), and LRP1 in signal transduction568
  • 6. Other relatives of the LDL receptor family570
  • 7. Scavenger receptors: lipid uptake and beyond572
  • 8. Future directions575
  • Abbreviations576
  • References577
  • Chapter 21. Lipids and atherosclerosis579
  • 1. Introduction579
  • 2. Cholesterol and atherosclerosis583
  • 3. Oxysterols and atherosclerosis588
  • 4. Triacylglycerols and atherosclerosis592
  • 5. Fatty acids and atherosclerosis593
  • 6. Phospholipids and related lipids596
  • 7. Future directions602
  • Abbreviations604
  • References604
  • Subject index607
  • Color plate section633
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780444532190
  • ISBN-13 9780080559889
  • Author Vance, J.E.; Vance, Dennis E.
  • Edition 5th
  • Category Science
  • Subject Physical & Theoretical

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Research on the biochemistry and molecular biology of lipids and lipoproteins has experienced remarkable growth in the past 20 years, particularly with the realization that many different classes of lipids play fundamental roles in diseases such as heart disease, obesity, diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The 5th edition of this book has been written with two major objectives. The first objective is to provide students and teachers with an advanced up-to-date textbook covering the major areas of current interest in the lipid field. The chapters are written for students and researchers familiar with the general concepts of lipid metabolism but who wish to expand their knowledge in this area. The second objective is to provide a text for scientists who are about to enter the field of lipids, lipoproteins and membranes and who wish to learn more about this area of research. All of the chapters have been extensively updated since the 4th edition appeared in 2002.

Key Features:
* Represents a bridge between the superficial coverage of the lipid field found in basic biochemistry text books and the highly specialized material contained in scientific review articles and monographs.

* Allows scientists to become familiar with recent developments related to their own research interests, and will help clinical researchers and medical students keep abreast of developments in basic science that are important for subsequent clinical advances.

* Serves as a general reference book for scientists studying lipids, lipoproteins and membranes and as an advanced and up-to-date textbook for teachers and students who are familiar with the basic concepts of lipid biochemistry.