Elsevier S & T

Biochemistry of Smooth Muscle Contraction

Barany, Michael

In stock
No reviews
66.750 KD inc. VAT
License
Table of contents
  • Contentsvii
  • Contributorsxvii
  • Introductory Notexxi
  • Forewordxxiii
  • Prefacexxv
  • PART 1: CONTRACTILE PROTEINS1
  • Chapter 1. Myosin Structure and Function3
  • I. Introduction3
  • II. Methods4
  • III. Analysis of the Primary Sequence of Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain6
  • IV. Alternative Splicing of Smooth Muscle Heavy Chain Pre-mRNA11
  • V. Kinetics of Regulation16
  • VI. Perspectives18
  • References18
  • Chapter 2. Myosin Light Chains21
  • I. Introduction21
  • II. Methods21
  • III. Regulatory Light Chain23
  • IV. Essential Light Chain29
  • V. Interaction between Light and Heavy Chains32
  • VI. Binding of Divalent Cations by Light Chains32
  • VII. Perspectives33
  • References33
  • Chapter 3. Myosin Regulation and Assembly37
  • I. Introduction37
  • II. Structure of the Light Chain Binding Region37
  • III. Control of Assembly by Light Chain Phosphorylation38
  • IV. Phosphorylation-Dependent Control of Myosin's Motor Properties40
  • V. Filament Structure42
  • References45
  • Chapter 4. Actin and the Structure of Smooth Muscle Thin Filaments47
  • I. Introduction47
  • II. Smooth Muscle Actin47
  • III. Thin Filament Structure52
  • IV. Perspectives58
  • References58
  • PART 2: THIN FILAMENT AND CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS61
  • Chapter 5. Tropomyosin63
  • I. Introduction63
  • II. Tropomyosin Levels in Smooth Muscles, Purification, and General Properties64
  • III. Isoform Diversity of Skeletal and Smooth Muscle Tropomyosins64
  • IV. Tropomyosin Genes, Origin of Isoform Diversity, and Amino Acid Sequences66
  • V. Amino Acid Sequence and Coiled-Coil Structure67
  • VI. Actin Binding and Head-to-Tail Polymerization70
  • VII. Perspectives73
  • References73
  • Chapter 6. Caldesmon77
  • I. Introduction77
  • II. Preparation77
  • III. Structure of Caldesmon in Solution78
  • IV. Caldesmon as a Component of the Thin Filaments79
  • V. Caldesmon–Actin–Tropomyosin Interactions79
  • VI. Caldesmon Inhibition of Actomyosin ATPase Activity83
  • VII. Tropomyosin-Dependent Inhibition of Actomyosin ATPase by Caldesmon84
  • VIII. Ca2+ Control of Caldesmon Inhibition85
  • IX. Caldesmon–Myosin Interaction86
  • X. The Role of Caldesmon in Regulating Smooth Muscle Contractility87
  • XI. Perspectives88
  • References88
  • Chapter 7. Calponin91
  • I. Introduction91
  • II. Purification and Physicochemical Properties91
  • III. Isoform Diversity92
  • IV. Primary Structure and Genetic Variants93
  • V. In Vitro Activity96
  • VI. Molecular Domain Organization and Binding Motifs99
  • VII. Tissue Specificity and Localization100
  • VIII. Perspectives101
  • References101
  • Chapter 8. Calcium Binding Proteins105
  • I. Introduction105
  • II. Isolation of Calcium Binding Proteins105
  • III. Amino Acid Composition of Smooth Muscle Calcium Binding Proteins106
  • IV. Calcium Binding Properties of 12-kDa Calcium Binding Protein106
  • V. Purification and Characterization of 67-kDa Calcimedin108
  • VI. Calmodulin109
  • VII. Isolation and Characterizaton of Caltropin110
  • VIII. Conclusion114
  • References115
  • PART 3: ENZYMES OF PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION- DEPHOSPHORYLATION117
  • Chapter 9. Myosin Light Chain Kinase119
  • I. Introduction119
  • II. Myosin Light Chain Kinase Activity in Vivo119
  • III. Purification and Assay122
  • IV. Biochemical and Molecular Properties of Myosin Light Chain Kinase123
  • V. Summary and Perspectives128
  • References128
  • Chapter 10. Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase131
  • I. Introduction131
  • II. Smooth Muscle Myosin Phosphatase133
  • III. Phosphatase Inhibitors139
  • IV. Summary140
  • References140
  • Chapter 11. Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II143
  • I. Introduction143
  • II. Structural Properties of Calmodulin- Kinase II143
  • III. Regulation of Calmodulin-Kinase II Activity146
  • IV. Activation and Autophosphorylation of Calmodulin-Kinase II in Situ148
  • V. Calmodulin-Kinase II Isozymes in Smooth Muscle149
  • VI. Potential Functions of Calmodulin-Kinase II in Smooth Muscle150
  • VII. Summary152
  • References152
  • Chapter 12. Protein Kinase C155
  • I. Introduction155
  • II. Properties of Protein Kinase C Isozymes155
  • III. Expression of Protein Kinase C Isozymes in Smooth Muscle158
  • IV. Role of Protein Kinase C in Regulating Smooth Muscle Contraction160
  • V. Summary163
  • References163
  • Chapter 13. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase167
  • I. Introduction167
  • II. Measurement of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity in Smooth Muscle168
  • III. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade169
  • IV. Evidence for Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in the Contractile Phenotype of Smooth Muscle171
  • V. Comparison of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Contractile versus Proliferative Smo175
  • VI. Summary175
  • References176
  • PART 4: MOTILE SYSTEMS179
  • Chapter 14. In Vitro Motility Assays with Smooth Muscle Myosin181
  • I. Introduction181
  • II. Description of Equipment182
  • III. Assay Procedure183
  • IV. Quantitation and Presentation of Results186
  • V. Effects of Phosphorylation187
  • VI. Mechanical Experiments188
  • VII. Effect of Light Chain Removal189
  • VIII. Summary and Perspectives190
  • References190
  • Chapter 15. Permeabilized Smooth Muscle191
  • I. Introduction191
  • II. Permeabilization Protocols191
  • III. Probing the Phosphorylation Theory in Triton Skinned Smooth Muscle193
  • IV. Kinetic Investigations in Permeabilized Smooth Muscle Using Caged Compounds195
  • V. Modulation of Ca2+ Sensitivity of Contraction195
  • VI. Studies on the Ca2+ Release from Intracellular Stores in Permeabilized Smooth Muscle196
  • VII. Conclusions197
  • References197
  • PART 5: CALCIUM MOVEMENTS201
  • Chapter 16. Calcium Channels and Potassium Channels203
  • I. Introduction203
  • II. Properties of Calcium and Potassium Channels207
  • III. Pharmacology of Calcium and Potassium Channels in Smooth Muscle210
  • IV. Physiology of Calcium and Potassium Channels in Smooth Muscle212
  • V. Conclusions217
  • References217
  • Chapter 17. Molecular Biology and Expression of Smooth Muscle L-Type Calcium Channels221
  • I. Introduction221
  • II. Subunit Structure and Genes of the High Voltage-Activated Calcium Channel221
  • III. The Smooth Muscle L-Type Calcium Channel α1 Subunit223
  • IV. Functional Interaction of the Calcium Channel Subunits225
  • V. Hormonal Regulation of the Smooth Muscle Calcium Channel225
  • References226
  • Chapter 18. Electromechanical and Pharmacomechanical Coupling227
  • I. Introduction227
  • II. Historical Background227
  • III. Electromechanical Coupling229
  • IV. Pharmacomechanical Coupling230
  • V. Regulation of Contractile Force235
  • VI. Relative Importance of the Electromechanical and Pharmacomechanical Contractile Mechanisms236
  • VII. Summary and Perspectives236
  • References237
  • Chapter 19. Calcium Pumps241
  • I. Introduction241
  • II. Role of Ca2+ Pumps in the Regulation of Cytosolic Ca2+242
  • III. General Properties of Ca2+ Pumps and Their Regulators242
  • IV. Expression of Ca2+ Pumps and Phospholamban in Smooth Muscle Cells245
  • V. Regulation of the Serca-Type Ca2+ Pumps in Smooth Muscle Cells247
  • VI. Regulation of the PMCA-Type Ca2+ Pumps in Smooth Muscle Cells248
  • VII. Ca2+ Pumps in Pathological Conditions251
  • References251
  • PART 6: SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION255
  • Chapter 20. The Nitric Oxide-Cyclic GMP Signaling System257
  • I. Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide Signaling in Vascular Cells257
  • II. Mechanism of cGMP-Evoked Relaxation of Vascular Smooth Muscle259
  • III. Role of cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase in the Nitric Oxide-cGMP Signaling Pathways in Smooth Mus262
  • IV. Activation of cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase by cAMP in Smooth Muscle264
  • V. Protein Substrates for cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase265
  • VI. Role of Nitric Oxide and cGMP in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Differentiation266
  • VII. Summary267
  • References267
  • Chapter 21. Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Production269
  • I. Introduction269
  • II. Analysis of Inositol Phosphates and Phospholipids269
  • III. Enzymes Involved in the Turnover of Phosphate in Phosphoinositides271
  • IV. Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipase C273
  • V. Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate and Contraction277
  • VI. Relationship between Smooth Muscle Stimulation, Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Release, and Rise i278
  • VII. Inositol Tetrakisphosphate278
  • VIII. Diacylglycerol279
  • IX. Summary and Perspectives280
  • References280
  • Chapter 22. Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Regulation of Intracellular Calcium in Smooth Muscl283
  • I. Introduction283
  • II. Cellular Functions of Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation283
  • III. Protein Tryrosine Phosphorylation and [Ca2+]i in Smooth Muscle285
  • IV. Summary, Working Model, and Future Directions291
  • References292
  • Chapter 23. Cyclic ADP-Ribose and Calcium Signaling295
  • I. Introduction295
  • II. Identification of Cyclic ADP-Ribose as a Ca 2+ Mobilizing Agent295
  • III. Cyclic ADP-Ribose Metabolism297
  • IV. Mechanism of Cyclic ADP-Ribose-Induced Ca 2+ Release299
  • V. Cyclic ADP-Ribose-Mediated Ca 2+ Release in Mammalian Cells300
  • References304
  • Chapter 24. Enzyme Translocations during Smooth Muscle Activation307
  • I. Introduction307
  • II. Methods of Study308
  • III. Evidence for Translocation of Enzymes during Smooth Muscle Activation311
  • IV. Mechanisms of Translocation314
  • V. Kinase Cascades in Smooth Muscle Contraction315
  • VI. Summary and Perspectives316
  • References316
  • PART 7: CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION319
  • Chapter 25. Protein Phosphorylation during Contraction and Relaxation321
  • I. Introduction321
  • II. Quantification of Protein Phosphorylation321
  • III. LC20 Phosphorylation322
  • IV. LC20 Dephosphorylation327
  • V. Exchange of the Covalently Bound Phosphate of LC20331
  • VI. Caldesmon Phosphorylation332
  • VII. Desmin Phosphorylation332
  • VIII. Phosphorylation of the 28-kDa Protein333
  • IX. Absence of Calponin Phosphorylation during Smooth Muscle Contraction334
  • X. Protein Phosphorylation during the Resting–Contraction–Relaxation–Contraction Cycle335
  • XI. Protein Phosphorylation in Phorbol Ester- Treated Smooth Muscle335
  • XII. Summary and Perspectives336
  • References337
  • Chapter 26. Regulation of Cross-bridge Cycling in Smooth Muscle341
  • I. Introduction341
  • II. Criteria for Identification of Physiological Cross-bridge Regulatory Mechanisms341
  • III. Empirical Observations in Smooth Muscle341
  • IV. Potential Sites of Regulation in the Cross- bridge Cycle344
  • V. Proposed Regulatory Mechanisms347
  • VI. Conclusions and Future Directions350
  • References351
  • Chapter 27. Calcium Sensitivity of Contraction355
  • I. Ca 2+ Dependence of Contraction in Smooth Muscle355
  • II. Mechanisms of Ca 2+ Sensitization and Desensitization358
  • III. Summary and Perspectives363
  • References364
  • Chapter 28. Pharmacological Regulation of Smooth Muscle by Ion Channels, Kinases, and Cyclic Nucleot367
  • I. Introduction367
  • II. Ion Flux Regulation: General Considerations367
  • III. Modification of Key Kinases and Phosphorylation370
  • IV. Cyclic Nucleotides and Relaxation372
  • References374
  • PART 8 : ENERGETICS377
  • Chapter 29. Energetics of Smooth Muscle Contraction379
  • I. Introduction379
  • II. Cellular Energy Stores and Metabolic Turnover Rate379
  • III. Response to Hypoxia and Metabolic Inhibition381
  • IV. Energetics of the Contractile System383
  • V. Kinetics of the Cross-bridge Interaction386
  • VI. Perspectives390
  • References390
  • Chapter 30. 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy393
  • I. Introduction393
  • II. Technical Requirements of Smooth Muscle Spectroscopy393
  • III. Spectral Peak Identification394
  • IV. Ion-Dependent Chemical Shift397
  • V. Creatine Kinase Equilibrium and Kinetics399
  • VI. Metabolic Control of Force Generation401
  • VII. Application of Foreign Substances to Smooth Muscle402
  • VIII. Conclusions404
  • References404
  • List of Abbreviations415
  • Index405
  • Errata419
  • Color Plate SectionColor Plate-1
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780120781607
  • ISBN-13 9780080527895
  • Author Barany, Michael
  • Category Medical
  • Subject Anatomy

Do you have questions about this book?

Ask an expert!

Description eBook delivery & access Reviews
This valuable resource provides a systematic account of the biochemistry of smooth muscle contraction. As a comprehensive guide to this rapidly growing area of research, it covers the structure and characteristic properties of contractile and regulatory proteins, with special emphasis on their predicted function in the live muscle. Also included in this book are intermediate filament proteins, and desmin and vimentin, whose function in smooth muscle is unknown; and several enzymes involved in the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of contractile and other proteins.