Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter
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Table of contents
- Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matteriii
- Copyright Pageiv
- Contentsvii
- Contributorsxiii
- Forewordxv
- Prefacexxi
- Chapter 1. Why Dissolved Organics Matter?1
- I. Introduction1
- II. DOM Research Pre-19702
- III. DOM Research in the 1970s7
- IV. DOM Research in the 1980s11
- V. "New" DON and DOC13
- VI. Why Dissolved Organics Matter23
- VII. What did we Learn?25
- References27
- Chapter 2. Analytical Methods for Total DOM Pools35
- I. Introduction35
- II. Dissolved Organic Carbon Analysis37
- III. Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Analysis45
- IV. Dissolved Organic Phosphorus Analysis49
- V. Multielemental Methods51
- VI. The Limits of Elemental Analyses51
- VII. The Need for Continual use of Reference Materials52
- References54
- Chapter 3. Chemical Composition and Reactivity59
- I. Introduction59
- II. Distribution and Chemical Characteristics of Bulk Marine DOM64
- III. Major Topics of Ongoing and Future Research About the Cycling of DOM80
- References85
- Chapter 4. Production and Removal Processes91
- I. Introduction91
- II. DOM Production Processes92
- III. DOM Removal Processes116
- IV. DOM Lability123
- V. DOM Accumulation133
- VI. Summary137
- References139
- Chapter 5. Dynamics of DON153
- I. Introduction153
- II. Concentration and Composition of the DON Pool154
- III. Sources of DON186
- IV. Sinks for DON207
- V. DON Turnover Times226
- VI. Summary227
- References231
- Chapter 6. Dynamics of DOP249
- I. Introduction250
- II. Terms, Definitions, and Concentration Units253
- III. The Early Years of Pelagic Marine P-Cycle Research (1884-1955)258
- IV. The Pelagic Marine P-Cycle: Key Pools and Processes262
- V. Sampling, Incubation, Storage, and Analytical Considerations266
- VI. DOP in the Sea: Variations in Space280
- VII. DOP in the Sea: Variations in Time294
- VIII. DOP Pool Characterization306
- IX. DOP Production, Utilization, and Remineralization334
- X. Conclusions and Prospectus347
- References348
- Chapter 7. Marine Colloids and Trace Metals367
- I. Introduction367
- II. Definition of Marine Colloids369
- III. Analytical Methods372
- IV. Metal Content of Marine Colloidal Matter380
- V. The Chemical Form of Colloidal Metals385
- VI. Particulate-Based Estimates of Colloidal Metal Concentrations388
- VII. Sources of Metal-Complexing Colloidal Ligands389
- VIII. Measurement of Colloid Reaction Rates390
- IX. The Biological Availability of Colloidal Bioactive Metals395
- X. Summary396
- References397
- Chapter 8. Carbon Isotopic Composition of DOM405
- I. Introduction405
- II. Conventions and Definitions for Expressing Isotopic Contents of DOC407
- III. Methods for Extracting DOC from Seawater for Isotopic Analysis413
- IV. Measurements and Distributions of δ13C and Δ14C in Marine DOC415
- V. Applications of δ13C and (Δ)14C in Marine DOC Cycling Studies430
- VI. Summary and Future Challenges443
- References446
- Chapter 9. Photochemistry and the Cycling of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen and Phosphorus455
- I. Introduction456
- II. Photochemical Transformation of Riverine and Marsh-Derived DOM Inputs to the Sea457
- III. Impact of Photochemistry on Elemental Cycles458
- IV. Unresolved Questions and Future Research476
- References479
- Appendix 1490
- Appendix 2498
- Appendix 3500
- Appendix 4503
- Chapter 10. Chromophoric DOM in the Coastal Environment509
- I. Introduction509
- II. Optical Properties513
- III. Distribution532
- IV. Sources and Sinks534
- V. Summary and Future Areas of Research539
- References540
- Chapter 11. Chromophoric DOM in the Open Ocean547
- I. Introduction547
- II. Characterization of CDOM549
- III. Observed CDOM Dynamics557
- IV. Global CDOM Distribution Patterns561
- V. Relationship Between DOM and CDOM in the Open Ocean567
- VI. Implications for Photochemistry and Photobiology568
- VII. Needs for Future Advances571
- References573
- Chapter 12. DOM in the Coastal Zone579
- I. Introduction579
- II. River Inputs580
- III. Estuarine Processes588
- IV. Accumulation of DOM in the Coastal Zone and Export Processes595
- V. Conclusions600
- References602
- Chapter 13. Sediment Pore Waters611
- I. Introduction612
- II. Dissolved Organic Carbon in Sediment Pore Waters614
- III. Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON)631
- IV. DOM Compositional Data636
- V. The Role of Benthic DOM Fluxes in the Ocean Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles641
- VI. The Role of Pore-Water DOM in Sediment Carbon Preservation648
- VII. Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research650
- Appendix: A Description of the DOM Advection/Diffusion/ Reaction Model651
- References653
- Chapter 14. DOC in the Arctic Ocean665
- I. Introduction665
- II. Sources of DOC to the Arctic Ocean667
- III. Composition and Distribution of DOC within the Arctic Ocean674
- IV. Summary of Sources and Sinks679
- References681
- Chapter 15. DOC in the Global Ocean Carbon Cycle685
- I. Introduction685
- II. Distribution of DOC687
- III. Net Community Production of DOC697
- IV. Contribution of DOC to the Biological Pump702
- V. Research Priorities709
- VI. Summary711
- References711
- Chapter 16. Modeling DOM Biogeochemistry717
- I. Introduction717
- II. Ecosystem Modeling Studies719
- III. Modeling the Role of DOM in Ocean Biogeochemistry734
- IV. Discussion and Conclusions743
- References747
- Index757
- Color Plate SectionPlate 1
Interest in marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is very high because it plays an important role in oceanic and global carbon cycling, which in turn impacts weather. Understanding the processes involved in the transformations of carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, and other major elements in the oceans has been a primary goal of marine biogeochemists and oceanographers over the past decade.
This book, in 16 chapters with over 170 figures and tables, reports on the major advances in this area by a distinguished group of international chemical and biological oceanographers. Additionally, it focuses on the role of DOM in elemental cycling - where the greatest informational need currently exists.
Biological cycling of the major elements through DOM is assessed throughout, with particular emphasis on the role of marine microbes as active agents in the processing of this material
The ocean science community's advances for inclusion of DOM in both ecosystem and global circulation models are evaluated
This book, in 16 chapters with over 170 figures and tables, reports on the major advances in this area by a distinguished group of international chemical and biological oceanographers. Additionally, it focuses on the role of DOM in elemental cycling - where the greatest informational need currently exists.
Biological cycling of the major elements through DOM is assessed throughout, with particular emphasis on the role of marine microbes as active agents in the processing of this material
The ocean science community's advances for inclusion of DOM in both ecosystem and global circulation models are evaluated