Biological Inorganic Chemistry: An Introduction

Crichton, Robert

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Table of contents
  • Cover
  • Prefacev
  • Contentsvii
  • Chapter 1. An Overview of Metals in Biology1
  • Introduction1
  • Why do we Need Anything Other Than C, H, N and O (Together with Some P And S)?2
  • What are the Essential Metal Ions?3
  • References12
  • Chapter 2. Basic Coordination Chemistry for Biologists13
  • Introduction13
  • Hard and Soft Ligands15
  • Coordination Geometry18
  • Crystal Field Theory and Ligand Field Theory19
  • References26
  • Chapter 3. Biological Ligands for Metal Ions27
  • Introduction27
  • Protein Amino Acid Residues (and Derivatives) as Ligands27
  • An Example of a Non-Protein Ligand: Carbonate and Phosphate29
  • Engineering Metal Insertion Into Organic Cofactors30
  • Chelatase: Terminal Step in Tetrapyrrole Metallation30
  • Iron–Sulfur Cluster Containing Proteins32
  • Iron–Sulfur Cluster Formation33
  • Copper Insertion into Superoxide Dismutase35
  • More Complex Cofactors: MoCo, FeMoCo, P-Clusters, H-Clusters and CuZ36
  • Siderophores39
  • References42
  • Chapter 4. Structural and Molecular Biology for Chemists43
  • Introduction43
  • The Structural Building Blocks of Proteins43
  • Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structures of Proteins47
  • Secondary and Tertiary Structures of Nucleic Acids56
  • References76
  • Chapter 5. An Overview of Intermediary Metabolism and Bioenergetics77
  • Introduction77
  • Redox Reactions in Metabolism78
  • The Central Role of ATP in Metabolism79
  • The Types of Reaction Catalysed by Enzymes of Intermediary Metabolism82
  • An Overview of Intermediary Metabolism: Catabolism86
  • Selected Case Studies: Glycolysis and the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle88
  • An Overview of Intermediary Metabolism: Anabolism92
  • Bioenergetics: Generation of Phosphoryl Transfer Potential at the Expense of Proton Gradients97
  • References104
  • Chapter 6. Methods to Study Metals in Biological Systems105
  • Introduction105
  • Magnetic Properties107
  • Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy108
  • Mössbauer Spectroscopy109
  • NMR Spectroscopy110
  • Electronic and Vibrational Spectroscopies112
  • Circular Dichroism and Magnetic Circular Dichroism113
  • Resonance Raman Spectroscopy114
  • Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure115
  • X-Ray Diffraction115
  • References116
  • Chapter 7. Metal Assimilation Pathways117
  • Introduction117
  • Metal Assimilation in Bacteria117
  • Metal Assimilation in Plants and Fungi121
  • Metal Assimilation in Mammals126
  • References129
  • Chapter 8. Transport, Storage and Homeostasis of Metal Ions131
  • Introduction131
  • Metal Storage and Homeostasis in Bacteria131
  • Metal Transport, Storage and Homeostasis in Plants and Fungi136
  • Metal Transport, Storage and Homeostasis in Mammals144
  • References150
  • Chapter 9. Sodium and Potassium„Channels and Pumps151
  • Introduction: „Transport Across Membranes151
  • Sodium Versuspotassium152
  • Sodium Channels155
  • References163
  • Chapter 10. Magnesium–Phosphate Metabolism and Photoreceptors165
  • Introduction165
  • Magnesium-Dependent Enzymes166
  • Phosphoryl Group Transfer: Kinases167
  • Phosphoryl Group Transfer: Phosphatases170
  • Stabilization of Enolate Anions: The Enolase Super Family173
  • Enzymes of Nucleic Acid Metabolism175
  • Magnesium and Photoreception178
  • References181
  • Chapter 11. Calcium: Cellular Signalling183
  • Introduction: „Comparison of Ca2+ and Mg2+183
  • The Discovery of a Role for Ca2+ Other Than as a Structural Component.183
  • Plasma Membrane Uptake Pathways185
  • Calcium Export from Cells185
  • CA2+ Transport Across Intracellular Membranes188
  • Ca2+ and Cell Signalling191
  • References195
  • Chapter 12. Zinc: Lewis Acid and Gene Regulator197
  • Introduction197
  • Mononuclear Zinc Enzymes198
  • Carbonic Anhydrase199
  • Carboxypeptidases and Thermolysins200
  • Alcohol Dehydrogenases202
  • Other Mononuclear Zinc Enzymes203
  • Multinuclear and Cocatalytic Zinc Enzymes205
  • Zinc Fingers – DNA- and RNA-Binding Motifs208
  • References210
  • Chapter 13. Iron: Essential for Almost All Life211
  • Introduction211
  • Iron and Oxygen212
  • The Biological Importance of Iron214
  • Biological Functions of Iron-Containing Proteins216
  • Haemoproteins217
  • Iron–Sulfur Proteins226
  • Other Iron-Containing Proteins231
  • References239
  • Chapter 14. Copper: Coping with Dioxygen241
  • Introduction241
  • Blue Copper Proteins Involved in Electron Transport242
  • Copper-Containing Enzymes in Oxygen Activation and Reduction244
  • Copper Enzymes Involved with Other Low-Molecular Weight Substrates251
  • Mars and Venus: The Role of Copper in Iron Metabolism253
  • References254
  • Chapter 15. Nickel and Cobalt: Evolutionary Relics257
  • Introduction: Comparison of Nickel and Cobalt257
  • Nickel Enzymes258
  • Methyl-Coenzyme M Reductase263
  • Cobalamine and Cobalt Proteins263
  • B12-Dependent Isomerases264
  • B12-Dependent Methyltransferases266
  • Non-Corrin Co-Containing Enzymes268
  • References269
  • Chapter 16. Manganese: Water Splitting, Oxygen Atom Donor271
  • Introduction: Manganese Chemistry271
  • Mn2+ and Detoxification of Oxygen Free Radicals272
  • Non-Redox Di-Mn Enzymes: Arginase274
  • Photosynthetic Oxidation of Water: Oxygen Evolution276
  • References278
  • Chapter 17. Molybdenum, Tungsten, Vanadium and Chromium279
  • Introduction279
  • Molybdenum and Tungsten279
  • Molybdenum Enzyme Families282
  • Tungsten Enzymes285
  • Nitrogenases286
  • Vanadium Biochemistry291
  • Vanadium Biology292
  • Chromium in Biology294
  • References295
  • Chapter 18. Metals in Brain and Their Role in Various Neurodegenerative Diseases297
  • Introduction: Metals in Brain297
  • Calcium297
  • Zinc300
  • Copper301
  • Disorders of Copper Metabolism: Wilson’s and Menkes Diseases301
  • Aceruloplasminaemia303
  • Creutzfeldt–Jakob and Other Prion Diseases303
  • Iron306
  • Redox Metal Ions, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases308
  • References320
  • Chapter 19. Biomineralization321
  • Introduction321
  • Iron Deposition in Ferritin322
  • Calcium-Based Biominerals: Calcium Carbonates in Ascidians and Molluscs330
  • Biomineralization in Bone and Enamel Formation333
  • The Organic Matrix, Mineral Phase and Bone Mineralization334
  • References336
  • Chapter 20. Metals in Medicine and the Environment339
  • Introduction339
  • Metallotherapeutics with Lithium340
  • Cisplatin: An Anti-Cancer Drug341
  • Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging344
  • Metals in the Environment346
  • References352
  • Index353
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780444527400
  • ISBN-13 9780080556222
  • Author Crichton, Robert
  • Category Science
  • Subject Inorganic

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The importance of metals in biology, the environment and medicine has become increasingly evident over the last twenty five years. The study of the multiple roles of metal ions in biological systems, the rapidly expanding interface between inorganic chemistry and biology constitutes the subject called Biological Inorganic Chemistry. The present text, written by a biochemist, with a long career experience in the field (particularly iron and copper) presents an introduction to this exciting and dynamic field. The book begins with introductory chapters, which together constitute an overview of the concepts, both chemical and biological, which are required to equip the reader for the detailed analysis which follows. Pathways of metal assimilation, storage and transport, as well as metal homeostasis are dealt with next. Thereafter, individual chapters discuss the roles of sodium and potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, copper, nickel and cobalt, manganese, and finally molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten and chromium. The final three chapters provide a tantalising view of the roles of metals in brain function, biomineralization and a brief illustration of their importance in both medicine and the environment.

Relaxed and agreeable writing style. The reader will not only fiind the book easy to read, the fascinating anecdotes and footnotes will give him pegs to hang important ideas on.

Written by a biochemist. Will enable the reader to more readily grasp the biological and clinical relevance of the subject.

Many colour illustrations. Enables easier visualization of molecular mechanisms

Written by a single author. Ensures homgeneity of style and effective cross referencing between chapters