Biotechnology and Safety Assessment
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Biotechnology and Safety Assessmentiii
- Copyright Pageiv
- Contentsv
- Contributorsxii
- Prefacexiv
- Chapter 1. Using Plant Biotechnology to Reduce Allergens in Food: Status and Future Potential1
- Introduction2
- Characteristics of Food Allergens3
- Traditional Plant Breeding Methods for Reducing Allergenicity5
- Use of Genetic Engineering to Reduce Allergenic Potential6
- Concluding Remarks9
- References9
- Chapter 2. Experience with Biosafety Research and Postmarket Environmental Monitoring in Risk Manage13
- Introduction14
- End Points and Definitions15
- Regulatory Aspects20
- Biosafety Research on Virus-Resistant Sugar Beet21
- Using Biogeographical Data for Biosafety Research25
- Monitoring of Insect-Resistant Maize26
- Concluding Remarks: Linking Biosafety Research and Monitoring34
- References35
- Chapter 3. Safety Assessment of Foods and Food Ingredients Produced by Genetically Modified Microorg39
- Introduction40
- Issues in Food and Food Ingredients Produced From rDNA46
- Concepts in Safety Testing56
- Regulatory Requirements58
- Case Studies in Safety Assessment69
- Concluding Remarks82
- References83
- Chapter 4. Food Safety Assessment of Current and Future Plant Biotechnology Products87
- Introduction88
- Safety Evaluation and the Substantial Equivalence Paradigm92
- How are Genetically Modified Foods Evaluated for Food Safety?95
- Future Trends in Food Safety Assessments107
- Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects110
- References112
- Chapter 5. Plant Biotechnology Products with Direct Consumer Benefits117
- Introduction118
- Improved Nutritional Qualities119
- Products with Enhanced Quality Traits128
- Concluding Remarks136
- References137
- Chapter 6. Animal Feeds from Crops Derived through Biotechnology : Farm Animal Performance and Safet143
- Introduction144
- Crops Fed to Farm Animals in the United States146
- Characteristics of Intake and Digestion by Farm Animals146
- Performance, Health, and Nutrient Utilization for Farm Animals Consuming Biotechnology-Derived Crops153
- Composition of Meat, Milk, and Eggs from Farm Animals Consuming Biotechnology-Derived Crops173
- Detecting Plant Source Proteins and DNA in Animal Products176
- Concluding Remarks: Future Directions180
- References183
- Chapter 7. Preclinical Immunotoxicology Assessment of Cytokine Therapeutics191
- Introduction192
- Cytokines and Their Role in Health and Disease192
- Modulation of Cytokine Activity as a Therapeutic Modality195
- Clinical Toxicity Associated with Modulation of Cytokine Activity210
- Immunotoxicolcogy Assessment of Cytokine Therapeutics211
- Concluding Remarks221
- References222
- Chapter 8. Ecological Assessment of Crops Derived through Biotechnology233
- Introduction234
- Terminology235
- Ecological Risk Assessment Principles236
- Ecological Risk Assessment Principles for Genetically Modified Plants241
- Concluding Remarks250
- References251
- Chapter 9. Ribozyme Technology and Drug Development253
- Introduction253
- Nonenzymatic Antisense Oligonucleotides as Inhibitors of Specific Gene Expression254
- RNA-based Enzymes257
- Catalytic DNAs264
- Therapeutic Applications of Catalytic Oligonucleotides265
- Ribozyme Delivery, Pharmacokinetics, and Metabolism269
- Concluding Remarks: Future Prospects272
- References273
- Chapter 10. Biotherapeutics: Current Status and Future Directions281
- Introduction282
- Recombinant Proteins: Approved for Clinical Use283
- Interferon Alfa286
- Recombinant Proteins in Clinical Development292
- Natural Biological Response Modifiers302
- Chemically Defined Biological Response Modifiers305
- Combination Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, and Cellular Therapy308
- Concluding Remarks311
- References312
- Chapter 11. Food Allergy Assessment for Products Derived through Plant Biotechnology325
- Introduction to Food Allergies and Allergens326
- Novel Proteins: Justification for Allergenicity Assessment330
- Allergy Assessment in the Gene Discovery Phase331
- Decision Tree Approach: The 2001 FAO/WHO Decision Tree332
- Example Applications of Allergenicity Assessment340
- Concluding Remarks342
- References343
- Chapter 12. Biotechnology: Safety Evaluation of Biotherapeutics and Agribiotechnology Products347
- Introduction348
- Biotherapeutics354
- Agribiotechnology368
- Concluding Remarks381
- References382
- Chapter 13. The Potential of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries385
- Introduction386
- Agriculture in Africa387
- African Crops and their Problems388
- Vaccines for Africa389
- Genetically Modified Crops in South Africa390
- Genetically Modified Crops in Developing Countries391
- The Anti-GMO Lobby and Developing Countries393
- Future Directions394
- Concluding Remarks395
- References396
- Chapter 14. Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Vaccines397
- Introduction398
- Regulatory Framework401
- Outline of the Proposed Studies402
- Concluding Remarks409
- References410
- Chapter 15. Gene Flow from Transgenic Plants413
- Introduction414
- Initial Hybrid Formation415
- Transgene Introgression427
- Transgene Spread429
- Concluding Remarks430
- References430
- Chapter 16. Safety Assessment of Insect-Protected Cotton435
- Introduction436
- Molecular Characterization of Bollgard Cotton439
- Cry1Ac and NPT II Protein Levels in Bollgard Cotton Plants440
- Safety Assessment of the Cry1Ac and NPT II Proteins in Bollgard Cotton443
- Compositional Analysis and Nutritional Assessment of Bollgard Cotton448
- Horizontal Gene Transfer and the Assessment of Marker Genes455
- Environmental Assessment457
- Concluding Remarks461
- References461
A comprehensive treatise on new developments in biotechnology, the authors of Biotechnology and Safety Assessment, 3e, bring readers an up-to-date review of food safety issues, pre-clinical safety and development of new foods and drugs, plant biotechnology, food allergies and safety assessment, and consumer benefits with regard to genetically modified food.
Tomorrow's foods will be obtained from genetically modified crops, offering consumers higher nutritional value and more of it. Our medications will be obtained through a variety of biotechnological procedures yielding more potent and specific medications for diseases and vaccines. In order to make this view of the future come to light, John A. Thomas and Roy L. Fuchs have updated their classic in order to keep readers one step ahead.
Written by internationally recognized molecular biologists, plant agronomists, microbiologists, toxicologists, nutritionists, and regulatory authorities, this third edition is an excellent and authoritative resource, making it a valuable resource to any biomedical library or scientific bookshelf.
Key Features
* Provides timely coverage on topics of agribiotechnology and biotherapeutics
* Describes the recent progress in genetically modified crops and their safety
* Presents an update of the newer developments in therapeutic agents
* Discusses role of genetically modified microorganisms in the development of new food products
* Outlines various global regulatory issues relating to GM crops
* Addresses environmental and ecological topics related to GM crops
Tomorrow's foods will be obtained from genetically modified crops, offering consumers higher nutritional value and more of it. Our medications will be obtained through a variety of biotechnological procedures yielding more potent and specific medications for diseases and vaccines. In order to make this view of the future come to light, John A. Thomas and Roy L. Fuchs have updated their classic in order to keep readers one step ahead.
Written by internationally recognized molecular biologists, plant agronomists, microbiologists, toxicologists, nutritionists, and regulatory authorities, this third edition is an excellent and authoritative resource, making it a valuable resource to any biomedical library or scientific bookshelf.
Key Features
* Provides timely coverage on topics of agribiotechnology and biotherapeutics
* Describes the recent progress in genetically modified crops and their safety
* Presents an update of the newer developments in therapeutic agents
* Discusses role of genetically modified microorganisms in the development of new food products
* Outlines various global regulatory issues relating to GM crops
* Addresses environmental and ecological topics related to GM crops