Borehole Climatology: a new method how to reconstruct climate
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Table of contents
- Borehole Climatologyiii
- Copyright pageiv
- Contentsv
- Prefaceviii
- Chapter 1. Background and History of the Problem1
- 1.1 The Climate of the Holocene1
- 1.2 Principal Sources of Data on the Earth’s Climate System10
- 1.3 Borehole Climatology27
- Chapter 2. Climate Change and Subsurface Temperature37
- 2.1 Methods and Technique to Carry Out Borehole Temperature Measurements39
- 2.2 Subsurface Temperature Field and its Response to Changing Surface Conditions (Climate)41
- 2.3 Geothermal Method of Climate Reconstruction: Principles, Resolution, Limitations (Forward and In49
- 2.4 Comparison of Ground Surface Temperature (GST) Reconstruction Methods64
- 2.5 Ground–Air Temperature Coupling: Pre-Observational Mean Temperature (POM)89
- 2.6 Ground–Air Temperature Coupling: Effect of Various Environmental Changes96
- 2.7 Non-Conductive Heat Transfer Effect on the GST Reconstruction (Groundwater Flow Effects)133
- 2.8 Climate Change and Permafrost149
- 2.9 Climate from Ice Boreholes165
- Chapter 3. Ground Temperature Histories: Evidence of Changing Climate175
- 3.1 Timescales of the Reconstructed GST Histories (From Ice Age to the Present)175
- 3.2 Temperature Trends Over Past Five Centuries Reconstructed From Borehole Temperature Data (Spatia208
- 3.3 Correlation Between GST Climate Reconstruction, Meteorological Data, and Proxies219
- 3.4 Is There Any Anthropogenic Component in the Present-Day Global Warming? Evidence From the Underg226
- 3.5 Deep Continental Drilling and Signature of Remote Climate Changes250
- Chapter 4. Subsurface Temperature Monitoring: Present-Day Temperature Change and Its Variability267
- 4.1 Geothermal Observatories and Subsurface Temperature Monitoring267
- 4.2 Detection of the Present-Day Warming by Temperature Monitoring in Shallow Boreholes269
- 4.3 Recent Climate Variability283
- Conclusions and Perspectives of Future Progress305
- References307
- Subject Index331
- Color Plate SectionPlate 1
Climate for the 21st century is expected to be considerably different from the present and recent past. Industrialization growth combined with the increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and massive deforestation are well above the values over the past several decades and are expected to further grow. Air temperature is rising rapidly well as does the weather variability producing frequent extreme events. Six of the ten warmest years occurred in the 1990s. Temperatures predicted for the 21st century ranges well above the present day value.
The time period of the last 100-200 years covered by the direct meteorological observations is too short and does not provide material to reliably assess what may happen over the next hundred(s) years. A faithful prediction of the future requires understanding how climate system works, i.e. to reconstruct past climate much further in the past. Borehole paleoclimatology enables climate reconstruction of the past several millennia, unlike proxy methods provides direct past temperature assessment and can well broaden the areal range to the remote regions poorly covered with meteorological observations. Considerable debates have recently focused on the causes of the present-day warming, i.e. to distinguish between the natural and anthropogenic contribution to the observed temperature increase, eventually to quantify their regional distribution. Complex interpretation of borehole data with the proxies and additional socio-economic information can hopefully help. On observed data taken in various places all over the world we demonstrate suitable examples of the interaction between the subsurface temperature response to time changes in vegetation cover, land-use (farming) and urbanization. Precise temperature-time monitoring in shallow subsurface can further provide the magnitude of the present-day warming within relatively short time intervals.
As far as we know, there exists so far no book dealing entirely with the subject of the Borehole climatology. Only relatively rarely this method is mentioned in otherwise plentiful literature on climate reconstruction or on climate modelling. There are, however, series of papers focussing on various borehole--climate related studies in numerous journals (e.g. Global and Planetary Change, Climate Change, Tectonophysics, Journal of Geophysical Research, Geophysical Research Letters, etc). Time to time a special issue appears to summarize papers on this topic presented during specialized symposia.
Key Features
- Description of a new useful alternative paleoclimate reconstruction method
- A suitable source of information for those wishing to learn more about climate change
- Material for lecturing and use in the classroom
- Ample practical examples of borehole temperature inversions worldwide
- Ample illustrations and reference list
- Authors have a good knowledge of the problem based on more than 20 years of experience, one of them actually pioneered the method
Key Features
- Description of a new useful alternative paleoclimate reconstruction method
- A suitable source of information for those wishing to learn more about climate change
- Material for lecturing and use in the classroom
- Ample practical examples of borehole temperature inversions worldwide
- Ample illustrations and reference list
- Authors have a good knowledge of the problem based on more than 20 years of experience, one of them actually pioneered the method
The time period of the last 100-200 years covered by the direct meteorological observations is too short and does not provide material to reliably assess what may happen over the next hundred(s) years. A faithful prediction of the future requires understanding how climate system works, i.e. to reconstruct past climate much further in the past. Borehole paleoclimatology enables climate reconstruction of the past several millennia, unlike proxy methods provides direct past temperature assessment and can well broaden the areal range to the remote regions poorly covered with meteorological observations. Considerable debates have recently focused on the causes of the present-day warming, i.e. to distinguish between the natural and anthropogenic contribution to the observed temperature increase, eventually to quantify their regional distribution. Complex interpretation of borehole data with the proxies and additional socio-economic information can hopefully help. On observed data taken in various places all over the world we demonstrate suitable examples of the interaction between the subsurface temperature response to time changes in vegetation cover, land-use (farming) and urbanization. Precise temperature-time monitoring in shallow subsurface can further provide the magnitude of the present-day warming within relatively short time intervals.
As far as we know, there exists so far no book dealing entirely with the subject of the Borehole climatology. Only relatively rarely this method is mentioned in otherwise plentiful literature on climate reconstruction or on climate modelling. There are, however, series of papers focussing on various borehole--climate related studies in numerous journals (e.g. Global and Planetary Change, Climate Change, Tectonophysics, Journal of Geophysical Research, Geophysical Research Letters, etc). Time to time a special issue appears to summarize papers on this topic presented during specialized symposia.
Key Features
- Description of a new useful alternative paleoclimate reconstruction method
- A suitable source of information for those wishing to learn more about climate change
- Material for lecturing and use in the classroom
- Ample practical examples of borehole temperature inversions worldwide
- Ample illustrations and reference list
- Authors have a good knowledge of the problem based on more than 20 years of experience, one of them actually pioneered the method
Key Features
- Description of a new useful alternative paleoclimate reconstruction method
- A suitable source of information for those wishing to learn more about climate change
- Material for lecturing and use in the classroom
- Ample practical examples of borehole temperature inversions worldwide
- Ample illustrations and reference list
- Authors have a good knowledge of the problem based on more than 20 years of experience, one of them actually pioneered the method