Elsevier S & T

Brain Mapping: The Disorders: The Disorders

Mazziotta, John C.; Toga, Arthur W.; Frackowiak, Richard S.J.

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Table of contents

Cover
Contentsv
Contributorsxi
Forewordxv
Prefacexvii
Acknowledgmentsxix
Part I: Background and Technical Issues1
Chapter 1. The Study of Human Disease with Brain Mapping Methods3
I. Diagnostic Methods6
II. Surgical Strategies19
Ill. Atlases20
IV. Plasticity24
V. References26
Chapter 2. Experimental Design and Statistical Issues33
I. Introduction33
II. Functional Specialization and Integration34
Ill. Spatial Realignment and Anatomical Normalization36
IV. Statistical Parametric Mapping and Functional Specialization37
V. Experimental Design42
VI. Designing fMRl Experiments: A Signal-Processing Perspective45
VII. Epoch- and Event-Related Studies48
VIII. Inferences about Subjects and Populations51
IX. Effective Connectivity and Functional Integration53
X. Specialization, Integration, and the Lesion- Deficit Model54
References56
Chapter 3. Preoperative Brain Mapping59
I. Lesion Localization and Characterization60
II. Targeting67
Ill. Cortical Mapping70
IV. Surgical Planning72
References73
Chapter 4. Intraoperative Brain Mapping77
I. Introduction77
II. Electrical Stimulation Mapping (ESM)78
Ill. Relation between ESM and Functional Imaging83
IV. Electrophysiological Correlates of Cognition Derived lntraoperatively83
V. Optical Imaging lntraoperatively84
VI. lntraoperative Structural Maps91
VII. Summary100
References100
Chapter 5. lntraoperative Visualization107
I. Background and Introduction107
II. Surgical Planning108
Ill. lntraoperative MRI116
IV. Concluding Remarks126
References127
Chapter 6. Disease-Specific Brain Atlases131
I. Challenges in Population-Based Brain Mapping131
II. Types of Brain Atlases134
Ill. Analyzing Brain Data137
I\/. Individualized Brain Atlases138
V. Model-Driven Deformable Atlases143
VI. Probabilistic Atlases146
VII. Atlas-Based Pathology Detection150
VIII. Cortical Modeling155
IX. Cortical Averaging157
X. Brain Averaging164
XI. Dynamic (4D) Brain Atlases168
XII. Conclusion168
References170
Part II: Neurological Disorders179
Chapter 7. Functional lmaging Studies of Aphasia181
I. Neurological and Neuropsychological Models of Language181
II. Neuroimaging Studies of Aphasic Patients184
Ill Examples of How Neuroimaging Experiments on Aphasic Patients Have Contributed to Normal and Abno186
IV. Conclusions196
References198
Chapter 8. The Functional Neuroimaging of Memory Disorders201
I. Functional and Structural Studies: Major Conceptual Differences202
II. Exploring Memory Impairment with PET and fMRI: Conceptual Difficulties204
Ill. Overcoming the Difficulties: Making Functional Neuroimaging Useful to the Study of Memory Impai206
IV. Summary214
References214
Chapter 9. Brain Mapping in Dementia217
I. Structural Imaging218
II. Functional Imaging226
Ill. Summary232
References234
Chapter 10. Movement Disorders: Parkinson's Disease241
I. Introduction241
II. Dopamine System lmaging in Parkinsonism242
Ill. Functional Brain lmaging in the Resting State245
IV. Brain Activation Studies: Motor Execution and Learning249
\/. Functional Brain lmaging in the Assessment of Therapeutic Interventions250
VI. Conclusion257
References257
Chapter 11. Movement Disorders: Other Hypokinetic Disorders263
I. Multiple-System Atrophy263
II. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy268
Ill. Corticobasal Degeneration275
IV. Dopa-Responsive Dystonia278
V. Akinetic-Rigid Huntington's Disease279
VI. Conclusions281
References281
Chapter 12. Functional lmaging in Hyperkinetic Disorders285
I. Tremor285
II. Dystonia287
Ill. Tics290
IV. Chorea292
V. Tardive Dyskinesia294
VI. Restless Legs Syndrome295
References295
Chapter 13. Functional lmaging in Vascular Disorders299
I. Brief Overview of Methods Employed299
II. Normal Physiology and Basic Pathophysiology of Brain Perfusion and Metabolism300
Ill. Long-Standing Arterial Obstruction: Mapping Hemodynamic Failure303
IV. Acute Ischemic Stroke: Mapping the Core, the Penumbra, and the Reperfused Tissue303
V. Remote Metabolic Effects of Stroke308
VI. Receptor Studies in Vascular311
Disorders311
References312
Chapter 14. The Epilepsies317
I. Introduction317
II. Positron Emission Tomography Studies of Cerebral Blood Flow and Glucose Metabolism318
Ill. Positron Emission Tomography Studies of Specific Ligands323
IV. Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography330
V. Functional MRI334
VI. Diffusion-Weighted MRI336
VII. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy336
VIII. Electrophysiological Imaging342
References343
Chapter 15. MRI in Multiple Sclerosis357
I. lmaging in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis357
II. MRI in Natural History Studies of Multiple Sclerosis364
Ill. Clinical Correlations with MRI Findings372
IV. MRI-Pathological Correlation374
V. Application of MRI in Monitoring of Clinical Trials375
VI. Evaluation of in Vivo Pathology with Newer MR Techniques379
VII. Summary381
References381
Chapter 16. Structural and Functional lmaging of Cerebral Neoplasia387
I. Introduction388
II. The Clinical Challenges388
Ill. Recent Neuroimaging Progress Related to lntracranial Neoplasms403
IV. Summary and a Look into the Crystal Ball411
References412
Chapter 17. Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Cerebellum417
I. Introduction417
II. Friedreich's Ataxia418
Ill. The Hereditary Cerebellar Degenerations421
IV. The Sporadic Cerebellar Degenerations432
References447
Part Ill: Pediatric Disorders457
Chapter 18. Dyslexia and Related Learning Disorders: Recent Advances from Brain lmaging Studies459
I. Brain Mechanisms in Dyslexia: An Overview, with Special Emphasis on Morphological Brain Imaging460
II. Event-Related Potentials and Developmental Language Disorders465
Ill. Functional Brain Imaging in Dyslexia466
IV. Conclusion478
References479
Part IV: Psychiatric Disorders483
Chapter 19. Depression485
I. Introduction485
II. Depression in Neurological Disease486
Ill. Idiopathic Depression491
IV. Parallel Studies of Normal Sadness497
V. Working Model of Depression498
References500
Chapter 20. The Neurobiology of Anxiety and Anxiety-Related Disorders: A Functional Neuroimaging Per509
I. Introduction509
II. Conceptual Issues in Neurobiological Accounts of Anxiety510
Ill. Fear and Emotional Processing in the Brain511
IV. Neuroimaging Studies of Fear Processing512
V. Classical Conditioning as a Model of Fear Learning512
VI. Processing Learned Fear Responses with and without Awareness514
VII. Amygdala Interactions Related to Processing Aware and Nonaware Fear-Relevant Stimuli515
VIII. Induction of Anxiety in Volunteer Subjects516
IX. Psychopathological Studies of Anxiety Disorders517
X. A Neuroanatomical Model of Anxiety518
XI. Outstanding Issues in Understanding Mechanisms of Anxiety519
XII. A Model of Emotional Processing519
XIII. Conclusions520
References520
Chapter 21. Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Schizophrenia523
I. Introduction523
II. Neuropathology525
Ill. Structural Studies525
IV. Neuroreceptor Imaging of Antipsychotics Using PET528
V. Cognitive Activation Studies529
VI. Imaging Symptoms537
VII. Obstacles to Functional Neuroimaging and Schizophrenia Studies539
VIII. Conclusion541
References541
Chapter 22. Addictive States545
I. Introduction545
II. Pharmacological Properties of Drugs of Abuse in the Human Brain546
Ill. Imaging and Addictive Processes: Evaluation of the Addicted Subject549
IV. Studies with Abused Drugs550
V. Conclusions562
References562
Part V: Therapeutics and Recovery of Function567
Chapter 23. Plasticity569
I. Introduction569
II. Methods570
Ill. Peripheral Lesions571
IV. Spinal Cord Lesions575
V. Brain Lesions575
VI. Activity/Learning577
VII. Blind, Cross-Modal Plasticity581
VIII. Severe Sensory Neuropathy582
IX. Maladaptive Plasticity582
References584
Chapter 24. Recovery of Neurological Function587
I. Evidence for Spontaneous Cerebral Reorganization during Recovery in Stroke Patients588
II. Learning Processes and Recovery of Neurological Function590
Ill. Pharmacological Approach to Recovery of Neurological Function: Neuromodulation of Brain Network592
References594
Chapter 25. Therapeutics: Pharmacologic599
I. Introduction599
II. Imaging Studies of the Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs600
Ill. Drugs in Basal Ganglia and Movement Disorders606
IV. Cognitive Dysfunction and Dementia606
\/. Imaging Studies of "Antipsychotic" Drugs607
VI. Conclusion: The Possibility of Individualizing Therapy609
References609
Chapter 26. Therapeutics: Surgical613
I. Introduction613
II. Surgical Therapies for Parkinson's Disease615
Ill. Surgical Therapies for Tremor632
IV. Surgical Therapies for Epilepsy632
V. Summary646
References646
Index655

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780124814608
ISBN-13 9780080528267
Author Mazziotta, John C.; Toga, Arthur W.; Frackowiak, Richard S.J.
Category Medical
Subject Neuroscience

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Brain Mapping: The Disorders is the first comprehensive text to describe the uses of the latest brain mapping technologies in the evaluation of patients with neurological, neurosurgical and psychiatric disorders. With contributions from the leading figures in the field, this heavily illustrated text is organized by disorders of brain systems, with specific examples of how one should use current neuroimaging techniques to evaluate patients with specific cerebral disorders. Comprehensive in scope, the text discusses patient evaluations using the wide range of modern magnetic resonance imaging techniques, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, optical intrinsic signal imaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. The third in this brain mapping series, Brain Mapping: The Disorders, is the ultimate text for anyone interested in the use of brain mapping techniques to study patients with disorders of the central nervous system.

Key Features
* Provides a comprehensive, in-depth view of the current brain mapping techniques as they are used in the evaluation of patients with cerebral disorders
* Heavily illustrated to provide actual examples of the use of the specific techniques
* Includes contributions from the leaders in the field ensure authoritative and up-to-date material
* Completes the trilogy of three brain mapping texts dealing, respectively, with the methods, the applications of these methods in the normal brain and in patients with neurological, neurosurgical, and psychiatric disorders

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