Brassinosteroids: A New Class of Plant Hormones
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsv
- Prefaceix
- Abbreviationsxiii
- CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION1
- CHAPTER II. BRASSINOSTEROIDS (BS) IN NATURE7
- A. Historical Aspects7
- B. Nomenclature, Structures, and Classification8
- C. Related Steroids21
- CHAPTER III. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION25
- CHAPTER IV. SPECTRAL PROPERTIES33
- A. NMR Spectroscopy33
- B. Mass Spectrometry43
- C. X-Ray Analysis49
- D. Other Methods53
- CHAPTER V. BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM55
- A. Introduction55
- B. The Early C6-Oxidation Pathway57
- C. The Late C6-Oxidation Pathway60
- D. Experiments with BS Mutants62
- E. Biotransformations of BS65
- CHAPTER VI. BASIC SYNTHETIC METHODS AND FORMAL SYNTHESES73
- A. Introduction73
- B. Synthesis of the Cyclic Part76
- C. Synthesis of the Side Chains88
- CHAPTER VII. SYNTHESES OF NATURAL BS137
- A. Syntheses of Brassinolide138
- B. Syntheses of Epibrassinolide154
- C. Syntheses of Homobrassinolide160
- D. Syntheses of 28-Norbrassinolide165
- E. Syntheses of BS Containing a A 24(28)-Double Bond170
- F. Syntheses of 6-Deoxo-BS174
- G. Syntheses of BS with Modifications in Ring A177
- H. Syntheses of Isotopically Labeled BS181
- CHAPTER VIII. SYNTHESES OF BS ANALOGS185
- A. Analogs with the Side Chain of a Starting Material186
- B. Analogs with Different Functional Groups in the Side Chain189
- C. Analogs with a Modified Carbon Skeleton in the Side Chain195
- D. Analogs with a Modified Cyclic Part204
- E. Esters and Ethers216
- CHAPTER IX. PHYSIOLOGICAL MODE OF ACTION OF BS219
- A. Growth and Development220
- B. Interaction with Other Phytohormones236
- C. Effect on Cell Membranes240
- D. Effect on Protein and Nucleic Acid Metabolism. Stress Response263
- E. Resistance to Diseases277
- F. Effect on the Photosynthetic Apparatus285
- G. Mechanism of Action, Reception, and Transport290
- H. Other Effects of BS295
- CHAPTER X. BIOASSAYS AND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF BS301
- A. Bioassays301
- B. Structure-Activity Relationships309
- CHAPTER XI. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS AND TOXICOLOGY325
- A. Applications of BS325
- B. Toxicology of BS345
- Appendix347
- References373
- Index445
Plants possess the ability to biosynthesize a large variety of steroids, but it was not until 1979 that a hormonal function was demonstrated in plants. Today, about 40 structurally and functionally related steroids, known as brassinosteroids, have been isolated from natural sources. Brassinosteroids demonstrate various kinds of regulatory activities in the growth and development of plants. This book is based on a 1990 Russian monograph, but includes all important subsequent literature and developments, including unpublished data from the authors' laboratories.
Key Features
* BRASSINOSTEROIDS: A New Class of Plant Hormones covers:
* Structures and classification
* Isolation and spectroscopic determination
* Biosynthesis and metabolism
* Natural product synthesis
* Physiological mode of action
* Structure-activity relationships
* Practical applications in agriculture
Key Features
* BRASSINOSTEROIDS: A New Class of Plant Hormones covers:
* Structures and classification
* Isolation and spectroscopic determination
* Biosynthesis and metabolism
* Natural product synthesis
* Physiological mode of action
* Structure-activity relationships
* Practical applications in agriculture