Elsevier S & T

Caldera Volcanism: Analysis, Modelling and Response

Gottsmann, Joachim; Marti, Joan

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Table of contents
  • Cover
  • Contentsv
  • Contributorsxi
  • Prefacexv
  • Referencesxxii
  • Chapter 1. Residence Times of Silicic Magmas Associated with Calderas1
  • 1. Introduction2
  • 2. Methods for Obtaining Time Constraints of Magmatic Processes5
  • 3. Residence Times of Magmas Associated with Selected Calderas11
  • 4. Interpretation of Residence Times and Integration with Thermal and Mechanical Constrains35
  • 5. Summary and Conclusions45
  • Acknowledgments47
  • References47
  • Chapter 2. Sedimentology, Depositional Mechanisms and Pulsating Behaviour of Pyroclastic Density Cur57
  • 1. Introduction: What are Pyroclastic Density Currents?58
  • 2. Key Concepts60
  • 3. Sedimentology: Main Particle Support and Segregation Mechanisms in PDCs63
  • 4. Depositional Processes in PDCs70
  • 5. Field Evidences of Stepwise Aggradation in Pulsating PDCs84
  • 6. Conclusive Remarks and Future Perspectives87
  • Acknowledgments90
  • References90
  • Chapter 3. The Use of Lithic Clast Distributions in Pyroclastic Deposits to Understand Pre- and Syn-97
  • 1. Introduction98
  • 2. Review of Lithic Component Studies and Inferred Caldera Processes99
  • 3. Case Study of the Abrigo Ignimbrite106
  • 4. Conclusions135
  • Acknowledgments136
  • References136
  • Chapter 4. The Ignimbrite Flare-Up and Graben Calderas of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico143
  • 1. Introduction144
  • 2. The Sierra Madre Occidental Volcanic Province145
  • 3. Regional Stratigraphy of the Sierra Madre Occidental149
  • 4. Graben Calderas of the Sierra Madre Occidental153
  • 5. Conclusions173
  • Acknowledgments173
  • References174
  • Chapter 5. Characterisation of Archean Subaqueous Calderas in Canada: Physical Volcanology, Carbonat181
  • 1. Introduction183
  • 2. Abitibi Greenstone Belt Geology183
  • 3. Notion of Calderas186
  • 4. Hunter Mine Caldera187
  • 5. Normetal Caldera202
  • 6. Sturgeon Lake Caldera, Wabigoon Subprovince211
  • 7. The Link: Subaqueous Calderas with Chert-Iron Formation and Hydrothermal Carbonates214
  • 8. Discussion220
  • 9. Conclusions225
  • Acknowledgements226
  • References227
  • Chapter 6. A Review on Collapse Caldera Modelling233
  • 1. Introduction234
  • 2. The Role of Experimental Models in Caldera Studies235
  • 3. Theoretical Models on Collapse Calderas Formation244
  • 4. Geophysical Imaging and Its Value for Caldera Studies259
  • 5. Discussion and Implications273
  • 6. Conclusions277
  • Acknowledgements277
  • References278
  • Chapter 7. Structural Development of Calderas: a Synthesis from Analogue Experiments285
  • 1. Introduction286
  • 2. Analogue Modelling287
  • 3. Experimental Studies on Calderas289
  • 4. Discussion299
  • 5. Comparison to Nature: Guidelines302
  • 6. Towards a New Caldera Evolution Scheme305
  • 7. Conclusions307
  • Acknowledgments308
  • References308
  • Chapter 8. Magma-Chamber Geometry, Fluid Transport, Local Stresses and Rock Behaviour During Collaps313
  • 1. Introduction314
  • 2. Collapse Caldera Structures317
  • 3. Geometry of the Magma Chamber324
  • 4. Behaviour of Crustal Rocks326
  • 5. Magma-Chamber Rupture and Fluid Transport Along a Dyke329
  • 6. Stress Fields Triggering Ring-Fault Initiation332
  • 7. Discussion340
  • 8. Conclusions344
  • Acknowledgments345
  • References345
  • Chapter 9. Facilitating Dike Intrusions into Ring-Faults351
  • 1. Introduction352
  • 2. Modeling Method355
  • 3. Results356
  • 4. Discussion367
  • 5. Conclusion371
  • Acknowledgments371
  • References371
  • Chapter 10. A New Uplift Episode at Campi Flegrei Caldera (Southern Italy): Implications for Unrest375
  • 1. Introduction376
  • 2. Recent Ground Deformation Data at Campi Flegrei Caldera379
  • 3. Displacement Shapes and Maximum Vertical to Horizontal Ratios384
  • 4. Discussion and Conclusion388
  • Acknowledgments390
  • References390
  • Chapter 11. Hydrothermal Fluid Circulation and its Effect on Caldera Unrest393
  • 1. Introduction394
  • 2. The Hydrothermal Fluid Circulation395
  • 3. Modelling of Hydrothermal Fluid Circulation397
  • 4. Hydrothermal Systems and Volcano Monitoring400
  • 5. An Example of Assessing the Role of Hydrothermal Processes During Unrest: Solfatara (Phlegrean Fi404
  • 6. Discussion and Conclusions409
  • Acknowledgments410
  • References410
  • Chapter 12. Deciphering Causes of Unrest at Explosive Collapse Calderas: Recent Advances and Future417
  • 1. Introduction418
  • 2. The Subsurface Beneath Calderas: Hydrothermal Versus Magmatic Reservoirs419
  • 3. Joint Ground Deformation and Gravimetric Survey420
  • 4. Vertical Gravity-Height Gradients423
  • 5. Single and Distributed Sources424
  • 6. The Search for Causative Sources of Unrest: Recent Examples of Integrated Studies from the Long V427
  • 7. The Problem of Aliasing of Time-Lapse Micro-Gravity Data437
  • 8. The Effect of Lateral Discontinuities on Ground Deformation and Residual Gravity Changes437
  • 9. Summary, Conclusions and Outlook439
  • Acknowledgments442
  • References442
  • Chapter 13. The Failure Forecast Method: Review and Application for the Real-Time Detection of Precu447
  • 1. Introduction448
  • 2. Theory of Precursors449
  • 3. The Theory of the Material Failure Forecast Method (FFM)450
  • 4. Techniques of Analysis453
  • 5. Viscoelastic Model453
  • 6. Seismicity as the Observable for FFM454
  • 7. FFM Applied to the Studies of Volcanoes456
  • 8. Conclusions465
  • Acknowledgments466
  • References466
  • Chapter 14. Perspectives on the Application of the Geostatistical Approach to Volcano Forecasting at471
  • 1. Introduction472
  • 2. The Probabilistic Approach473
  • 3. The Geostatistical Approach474
  • 4. Case Studies477
  • 5. Conclusions and Perspectives484
  • Acknowledgments485
  • References485
  • Subject Index489
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780444531650
  • ISBN-13 9780080558974
  • Author Gottsmann, Joachim; Marti, Joan
  • Category Science
  • Subject Environmental Science

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This volume aims at providing answers to some puzzling questions concerning the formation and the behavior of collapse calderas by exploring our current understanding of these complex geological processes. Addressed are problems such as:

- How do collapse calderas form?
- What are the conditions to create fractures and slip along them to initiate caldera collapse and when are these conditions fulfilled?
- How do these conditions relate to explosive volcanism?
- Most products of large caldera-forming eruptions show evidence for pre-eruptive reheating. Is this a pre-requisite to produce large volume eruptions and large calderas?
- What are the time-scales behind caldera processes?
- How long does it take magma to reach conditions ripe enough to generate a caldera-forming eruption?
- What is the mechanical behavior of magma chamber walls during caldera collapse? Elastic, viscoelastic, or rigid?
- Do calderas form by underpressure following a certain level of magma withdrawal from a reservoir, or by magma chamber loading due to deep doming (underplating), or both?
- How to interpret unrest signals in active caldera systems?
- How can we use information from caldera monitoring to forecast volcanic phenomena?

In the form of 14 contributions from various disciplines this book samples the state-of-the-art of caldera studies and identifies still unresolved key issues that need dedicated cross-boundary and multidisciplinary efforts in the years to come.

* International contributions from leading experts
* Updates and informs on all the latest developments
* Highlights hot topic areas and identifies and analyzes unresolved key issues