Elsevier S & T

Cell Lineage and Fate Determination

Moody, Sally A.

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Table of contents

Cover
Contentsv
Contributorsxiii
Forewordv
Part I: Sea Urchins and Ascidians1
Chapter 1. Introduction to Sea Urchins3
I. Introduction3
II. Utility for Studies of Cell Lineage and Fate Specification3
III. Overview of Sea Urchin Development4
IV. Axial and Cell Fate Specification7
References8
Chapter 2. Gene Expression and Early Cell Fate Specification in Embryos of the Purple Sea Urchin (St11
I. Introduction11
II. The Relationship between Cell Lineage and Cell Specification Processes12
III. Spatial Regulation of Gene Expression16
References20
Chapter 3. Otx, P-Catenin, and the Specification of Ectoderrnal Cell Fates in the Sea Urchin Embryo25
I. Introduction25
II. Ectodermal Territories and Cell Types26
III. Role of Transcription Factors in Aboral Ectoderm Formation28
IV. Linking Vegetal Signaling to Aboral Ectoderm Gene Activation31
V. Vegetal Signaling in Ectoderm Patterning and Cell Type Specification32
VI. Recruitment of Conserved Factors and Pathways for Novel Uses in Sea Urchins36
References37
Chapter 4. Lineages That Give Rise to Endoderm and Mesoderm in the Sea Urchin Embryo41
I. Introduction41
II. From Where Do the Endoderm and Mesoderm Arise?43
III. Specifying Tissues and Defining Tissue Boundaries44
IV. Future Directions53
References54
Chapter 5. Cell Fate Determination in the Ascidian Embryo59
I. Introduction59
II. General Description of Ascidian Embryogenesis60
III. Nomenclature of the Blastomeres, Lineage, and Restriction of Developmental Fates60
IV. Autonomous Specification of Embryonic Cells63
V. Cellular Interactions Are Important for Conditional Specification68
VI. Conclusions71
References71
Part II: Nematode75
Chapter 6. Cell Lineages in Caenorhabditis elegans Development77
I. Introduction to Caenorhabditis elegans78
II. Embryology80
III. Properties of Cell Lineages83
IV. Mechanisms of Cell Fate Determination88
V. Genetic and Molecular Control of Cell Lineages and Cell Fates88
VI. Understanding Cell Lineage Hieroglyphics91
References93
Chapter 7. The Maternal Control of Polarity and Patterning during Embryogenesis in the Nematode Caen97
I. Polarization of the 1-Cell Stage Zygote and the Establishment of an Anterior–Posterior Body Axi97
II. Specifying the Fates of Individual Blastomeres in the Early Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo103
III. Maternal Genes That Specify the Identities P1 Descendants105
IV. Cell Interactions and the Maternal Genes That Specify the Fates of AB Descendants111
V. Concluding Remarks114
References114
Chapter 8. Sex and Death in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germ Line119
I. Introduction119
II. Development and Structure of the Germ Line119
III. Regulation of the Cell Cycle in Germ Cells120
IV. Control of Sexual Fate in Germ Cells123
V. Programmed Cell Death in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germ Line129
VI. Conclusions132
References133
Chapter 9. Cell Fate Determination in Caenorhabditis elegans Ray Development139
I. Introduction139
II. The Rays: Structure, Cellular Composition, and Function141
III. Development of the Rays from Rn Cells142
IV. An achaetel/scute Family Transcript Factor Is Necessary for the Ray Neuroblast Cell Fate143
V. Hox Genes Regulate lin-32 Transcription144
VI. The Rays and Ray Neuroblasts Have Unique Identities144
VII. Nonequivalence of the Rn.p Cells, Hypodermal Cells Generated by Rn Cells147
VIII. Rn Cells Have Unique Identities147
IX. Rn Cell Identities Are Determined by a Lineage Mechanism148
X. Hox Genes Act in the Rn Cell Identity Pathway149
XI. Establishment of the mab-5 and egl-Expression Patterns150
XII. The Caenorhabditis elegans Pax-6 HomologIs Required for the Identity of Ray 6150
XIII. Two Signaling Pathways Play a Role in Specification of Ray Identity151
XIV. Summary and Prospects152
References154
Chapter 10. Cell Fate Determination and Signal Transduction during Caenorhabditis elegans Vulval Dev157
I. Introduction157
II. Generation of the Vulval Equivalence Group159
III. Cell Fate Specification during Vulva1 Induction161
IV. Execution and Morphogenesis167
V. Perspectives167
References168
Part III: Leech171
Chapter 11. Introduction to the Leech173
I. Taxonomy173
II. Gross Anatomy173
III. Nervous System175
IV. Morphological Development and Staging176
V. Development Cell Lineage178
VI. Conclusions181
References182
Chapter 12. Cell Fate Specification in Glossiphoniid Leech: Macromeres, Micromeres, and Proteloblast185
I. Introduction185
II. Specification of the D Quadrant Lineage185
III. Cell Fate Determination in the Ectodermal and Mesodermal Proteloblast Lineages188
IV. Cell–Cell Fusions among Endodermal Precursors189
V. Regulation of AŽBŽ Fusion190
VI. Cell Lineage and Cell Fate Differences among the Micromeres192
VII. Conclusions193
References194
Chapter 13. Spatial and Temporal Control of Cell Division during Leech Development197
I. Interactions between Cell Division and Cell Fate197
II. Spatial Regulation of Cell Division197
III. Temporal Regulation of Cell Division201
References203
Chapter 14. Anteroposterior Pattern Formation in the Leech Embryo207
I. Introduction207
II. Segmentation208
III. Development of the Head Domain218
IV. Conclusions221
References222
Part IV: Drosophila225
Chapter 15. Studies on Cell Lineage and Cell Fate Determination in Drosophila227
I. Introduction227
II. Embryonic Development228
III. The Imaginal Discs and the Histoblasts228
IV. Studies on Cell Lineage230
V. Studies on Cell Fate Determination231
VI. Summary232
References232
Chapter 16. Cell Determination in the Drosophila Eye235
I. Introduction235
II. The Drosophila Compound Eye235
III. Gatekeepers in Eye Development237
IV. How Do Gatekeepers Arrest Differentiation?238
V. The Role of Yan in Induction241
VI. The Role of Tramtrack in Induction242
VII. Perspectives245
References246
Chapter 17. Role of Drosophila Wingless Signaling in Cell Fate Determination249
I. Wingless Is a Member of the Wnt Family of Cell Signaling Proteins249
II. Wg Is Required for Correct Differentiation and Patterning of Embryonic Tissues250
III. Wg Is Required for the Growth and Patterning of the Adult Appendages255
IV. The Mechanism of Wg Signal Transduction257
V. Is Wg a Morphogen?265
VI. Future Perspectives265
References266
Chapter 18. Asymmetric Cell Division and Fate Specification in the Drosophila Central Nervous System273
I. Introduction273
II. Neuroblast Formation and Fate274
III. Asymmetrically Localized Proteins and RNAs in Neuroblasts274
IV. Functions of Asymmetrically Localized Proteins and RNA in Neuroblasts275
V. Coordinating Asymmetric Cell Division and the Cell Cycle281
VI. Cytoskeletal Mechanisms forAsymmetric Localization in Neuroblasts282
VII. Asymmetric Ganglion Mother Cell Divisions282
VIII. Perspectives282
References283
Part V: Frog287
Chapter 19. Your Origin Is Your Fate„Or Is It?289
I. Introduction289
II. The Emergence of Body Pattern in the Xenopus Embryo290
III. Axis Specification and Mesoderm Induction291
IV. Basic Techniques for the Study of Xenopus Embryogenesis292
V. Conclusion and Outlook294
References294
Chapter 20. Early Events in Frog Blastomere Fate Determination297
I. Introduction297
II. Blastomeres Are Specified to a Dorsal Fate Shortly after Fertilization300
III. The Initial Steps in Blastomere Specification to a Retinal Fate309
References314
Chapter 21. Maternal Signaling Pathways and the Regulation of Cell Fate323
I. Regulation of Mesoderm and Endoderm Formation by Vg 1323
II. Dorsal Specification by Maternal Wnt Signaling and Zygotic Siamois330
III. Conclusions335
References336
Chapter 22. Specifiication and Differentiation of the Heart in Amphibia341
I. Historical Introduction341
II. Heart Development in Urodeles341
III. Heart Development in Anurans342
IV. Molecular Markers of Cardiac Differentiation344
V. The tinman Genes346
VI. Conclusions349
References350
Chapter 23. Cellular Determination in Amphibian Retina353
I. Introduction353
II. Xenopus Eye Development353
III. Generation of Neurons, Lamination, and Mosaic Patterning of Embryonic Retina357
IV. Postembryonic Retinogenesis360
V. Genetic Cascade of Retinogenesis361
VI. Conclusions and Perspectives365
References365
Part VI: Zebrafish369
Chapter 24. Introduction to the Zebrafish371
I. Zebrafish„A Recent Addition to the Palette of Model Systems for Studying Vertebrate Development371
II. Early Development of Zebrafish371
III. Some Special Features of Teleost Early Development: Control of Epiboly375
IV. Fate Maps and Cell Determination377
V. Experimental Analysis of Axis Formation378
VI . The Fish Organizer and Dorsoventral Patterning378
VII. Genetic Analysis of Zebrafish Development379
References380
Chapter 25. Cell Interactions and Morphogenetic Motions Pattern the Zebrafish Nervous System383
I. Introduction383
II. The Appearance of Embryonic Order: The Gastrula Fate Map384
III. The Elaboration of Pattern: The Fate Map of the Embryonic Shield385
IV. Involution, Ingression, and Egression in Fish Gastrulation389
V. The Neuronal Fate Map of the Zebrafish391
VI. Neuronal Commitment and the Acquisition of Regional Fates393
VII. Nonaxial Signals Provide Rostrocaudal Patterning394
VIII. Conclusion396
References396
Chapter 26. Patterning of the Zebrafish Embryo along the Anteroposterior Axis399
I. Introduction399
II. Hox Cluster Genes400
III. Posterior Body Development407
IV Summary412
References413
Chapter 27. Specification of Neural Crest Cell Fate in the Embryonic Zebrafish415
I. Introduction415
II. Development of Zebrafish Neural Crest416
III. Cell Fate Restriction within the Neural Crest417
IV. Genetic Analysis of Zebrafish Neural Crest Development418
V. Cell Potential Restriction within the Neural Crest420
VI. Regulative Interactions among Neural Crest Cells421
References423
Part VII: Chick427
Chapter 28. The Avian Embryo: A Model for Descriptive and Experimental Embryology429
I. Introduction429
II. Overview of Avian Embryogenesis429
III. Why Is the Avian Embryo Such an Excellent Model System?434
IV. Limitations in the Use of the Avian Embryo as a Model System435
V. Conclusions436
References436
Chapter 29. More to Neural Induction Than Inhibition of BMPs437
I. Introduction437
II. Neural Induction in Amniotes438
III. Regulation of Neural Competence439
IV. Neural Induction Can Be Separated from Regionalization440
V. The Roles of Chordin and BMP Inhibition in Neural Induction440
VI. Multiple Steps in Neural Induction Revealed by Molecular Markers441
VII. A Model for Neural Induction443
VIII. The Origin of the Organizer and the Onset of Neural Induction444
IX. Comparison with the Amphibian Model445
References445
Chapter 30. Determination of Heart Cell Lineages451
I. Introduction451
II. Origin of the Cardiomyocyte and Endocardia1 Cell Lineages451
III. Diversification within the Myocyte Lineage454
IV. Concluding Remarks458
References459
Chapter 31. Cell Fate Determination in the Chick Embryo Retina463
I. The Issues463
II. The Approaches464
III. Evidence for a Developmental Master Plan Regulating Retinal Cell Differentiation465
IV. Developmental Plasticity of Postmitotic Retinal Precursor Cells468
V. A Working Hypothesis471
References472
Part VIII: Mammals475
Chapter 32. Cell Lineage and Cell Fate Determination in Mammals477
I. Introduction477
II. Methodological Considerations478
III. Model Systems for Cell Lineage: Advantages and Limitations481
IV. Controversies and Paradigm Shifts482
V. Concluding Remarks486
References486
Chapter 33. Cell Fate and Lineage Specification in the Gastrulating Mouse Embryo491
I. Introduction491
II. Regulative Mode of Embryogenesis Suggests No Role for Inheritable Lineage Determinants492
III. Scenarios of Lineage Specification during Gastrulation493
IV. The Epiblast Cells of the Early Gastrula Display Lineage Plasticity496
V. Determination of Neural Fate in the Ectoderm by Inductive Interactions497
VI. Restriction of Mesodermal Lineage Potency during Cellular Ingression in the Primitive Streak498
VII. Mesoderm Induction in the Primitive Streak: Putative Roles of Inductive Molecules499
VIII. Specification of Tissue Lineages on Completion of Gastrulation500
IX. Summary501
References501
Chapter 34. Early Cell Lineages in Marsupial Embryos505
I. Introduction505
II. The Stripe-Faced Dunnart, a Model for Marsupial Embryological Studies506
III. Lineages509
IV. Conclusions517
References517
Chapter 35. Green Fluorescent Protein: A New Approach to Understanding Spatial Patterning and Cell F521
I. Introduction521
II. The Ideal Cell Marker522
III. Uses of Green Fluorescent Protein in Nonmammalian Systems522
IV. Properties of Green Fluorescent Protein523
V. MmGFP as an in Vivo Cell Lineage Marker in the Mouse523
VI. Introducing MmGFP into the Mouse523
VII. Future Potential526
References526
Chapter 36. Cell Fate and Cell Migration in the Developing Cerebral Cortex529
I. Introduction529
II. Overview of Cortical Anatomy and Development529
III. Control of Progenitor Proliferation531
IV. Genetic Control of Neuronal Cell Specification532
V. Radial and Nonradial Migration536
VI. Genetic Control of Cortical Migration538
VII. Conclusions542
References542
Part IX: Vertebrate Tissue Specification549
Chapter 37. Tissue Determination: An Introduction551
I. Introduction551
II. Tissue Specification551
References552
Chapter 38. Differentiation of Vertebrate Epidermis553
I. Introduction553
II. Early Development: Initiation of Epidermis in Xenopus553
III. Other Ectodermal Fates556
IV. Formation and Differentiation of Stratified Epidermis557
V. Epidermal Appendages559
VI. Transcriptional Control of Keratinocyte Differentiation561
VII. Unanswered Questions and Future Directions563
References564
Chapter 39. Conservation of Themes in Vertebrate Blood Development569
I. Introduction569
II. The Hematopoietic System570
III. Transcription Factors and Knockout Mice576
IV. Genetic Advantages of Zebrafish Blood Mutants577
V. Conclusion578
References579
Chapter 40. Endodermal Patterning and Organogenesis583
I. Introduction583
II. Classic Studies on Epithelial–Mesenchymal Interactions590
III. Relative Merits of Studying Endoderm Development in Different Systems591
IV. Molecular Analysis of Endodermal Patterning592
V. Genetic Analysis of Endoderm Development597
VI. Transgenic Analysis of Gene Regulation and Function604
VII. Growth Factors in Lung and Pancreas Development606
VIII. Major Questions and Challenges Remaining607
References609
Chapter 41. Myogenic Cell Specification during Somitogenesis617
I. Introduction617
II. The MyoD Family of Myogenic Regulatory Factors617
III. The Embryology of Skeletal Muscle Formation618
IV. Signaling Molecules That Specify Myogenic Progenitor Cells in the Somite619
V. Migration of Muscle Progenitor Cells622
VI. Different Muscle Progenitor Cell Populations627
References629
Index635

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780125052559
ISBN-13 9780080528786
Author Moody, Sally A.
Category Science
Subject Cell Biology

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Cell Lineage and Fate Determination provides a comprehensive view of the mechanisms regulating cell lineage and fate determination in an effort to understand how the fertilized egg is transformed into a complex of specialized tissues. It presents basic information on eight different animal models and recent developmental biological research done in each model. The book provides a focused forum presenting key information for researchers studying various aspects of developmental and cellular biology. Extensive use of tables and black-and-white and color figures helps illustrate each model. The book concludes by discussing future goals for bringing cellular, molecular, and genetic research to clinical applications and tissue replacement therapies.

Key Features
* Presents eight different animal models
* Provides a focused forum on cell fate determination that provides comprehensive and key information for researchers
* Illustrates the transitional relationship between researchers and clinicians
* Includes the extensive use of tables and color figures

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