Chemistry of the Environment
Bailey, Ronald A.; Clark, Herbert M.; Ferris, James P.; Krause, Sonja; Strong, Robert L.
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Table of contents
- CONTENTSv
- PREFACExix
- ABOUT THE AUTHORSxxiii
- Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION1
- 1.1 General1
- 1.2 Pollution and Environment Problems2
- 1.3 Waste Disposal4
- 1.4 Risk6
- 1.5 Energy7
- 1.6 Population7
- 1.7 The Scope of Chemistry of the environment10
- Additional Reading11
- Chapter 2. ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND BEHAVIOR13
- 2.1 Introduction13
- 2.2 Gaseous Constituents of the Atmosphere15
- 2.3 History of the Atmosphere20
- 2.4 Particulate Constituents of the Atmosphere24
- 2.5 Extent of the Atmosphere and Its Temperature and Pressure Profile26
- 2.6 General Circulation of the Atmosphere30
- 2.7 Conclusion35
- Additional Reading36
- Exercises36
- Chapter 3. ENERGY AND CLIMATE39
- 3.1 Energy Balance of the Earth39
- 3.2 Climate History of the Earth49
- 3.3 Causes of Global Climate Changes53
- 3.4 Small-Scale Climate63
- 3.5 Temperature Inversions65
- 3.6 Conclusions69
- Additional Reading70
- Exercises70
- Chapter 4. PRINCIPLES OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY73
- 4.1 Introduction73
- 4.2 Electromegnetic Rediation75
- 4.3 Kinetics of Thermal Processes83
- 4.4 Kinetics of Photochemical Processes87
- Chapter 5. ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY91
- 5.1 Introduction91
- 5.2 Reactions in the Upper Atmosphere93
- 5.3 Photoprocesses in the Troposphere: Photochemical Smog126
- Additional Reading142
- Exercises143
- Chapter 6. PETROLEUM, HYDROCARBONS, AND COAL147
- 6.1 Introduction147
- 6.2 The Nature of Petroleum148
- 6.3 Sources of Crude Oil and Hydrocarbons in Marine Environments150
- 6.4 Fate of an Oil Spill158
- 6.5 Effects of Crude Oil on Marine Life164
- 6.6 Use to Petroleum in the Internal Combustion Engine168
- 6.7 Sources of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds in the Atmosphere170
- 6.8 The Air Pollution Problem in Urban Centers179
- 6.9 Coal182
- Additional Reading189
- Exercises190
- Chapter 7. SOAPS, SYNTHETIC SURFACTANTS, AND POLYMERS193
- 7.1 Introduction193
- 7.2 Soaps and Synthetic Surfactants195
- 7.3 Polymers207
- 7.4 Conclusions218
- Additional Reading219
- Exercises219
- Chapter 8. HALOORGANICS AND PESTICIDES223
- 8.1 Introduction223
- 8.2 Environmental Degradation224
- 8.3 Chemistry of Chlorinated Organic Compounds225
- 8.4 Microbial Degradation of Organics231
- 8.5 Toxicity234
- 8.6 Chlorofluorocarbons, Hydrofluorocarbons, and Perhalogenated Organics238
- 8.7 Polychlorinted and Polybromineted Biphenyls244
- 8.8 DDT and Its Degradation Products251
- 8.9 Other Chlorooganic Pesticides258
- 8.10 Herbicides: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid265
- 8.11 Organophosphorus Insecticides270
- 8.12 Resistance: The Bugs Flight Back274
- 8.13 Biochemical Methods of Insect Control276
- 8.14 Integrated Pest Management285
- 8.15 Proposed Phaseout of All Chlorine-Containing Compounds287
- Additional Reading288
- Exercises291
- Chapter 9. CHEMISTRY IN AQUEOUS MEDIA295
- 9.1 Whater in the Environment295
- 9.2 Acid-Base Reactions307
- 9.3 Effects of Temperature and Pressure Effects on Equilibrium319
- 9.4 Oxidation–Reduction Processes320
- 9.5 Coordination Chemistry324
- 9.6 Colloidal Material340
- 9.7 Adsorption and Ion Exchange341
- 9.8 Conclusion343
- Additional Reading344
- Exercises344
- Chapter 10. THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF SOME IMPORTANT ELEMENTS347
- 10.1 Introduction347
- 10.2 The Carbon Cycle, CO2, and Carbonates354
- 10.3 Nitrogen362
- 10.4 Sulfur and the Slfure Cycle370
- 10.5 Phosphorus, Fertilizers,and Eutrophication375
- 10.6 Biologically Important Metals and Other Elements379
- 10.7 Summary412
- Additional Reading412
- Exercises413
- Chapter 11. WATER SYSTEMS AND WATER TREATMENT415
- 11.1 Composition of Water Bodies415
- 11.2 Model Ocean Systems417
- 11.3 Residence Times421
- 11.4 Acid Rain422
- 11.5 Water Treatment425
- 11.6 Anaerobic Systems439
- 11.7 Irrigation Waters440
- Additional Reading441
- Exercises442
- Chapter 12. THE EARTH'S CRUST443
- 12.1 Rocks and Minerals443
- 12.2 Recovery of Minerals from Their Ores449
- 12.3 Soils460
- 12.4 Nonmetallic Materials from the Earth473
- Additional Reading481
- Exercises482
- Chapter 13. PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI, RADIOACTIVITY, AND IONIZING RADIATION483
- 13.1 Introduction483
- 13.2 The Atomic Nucleus484
- 13.3 Energetics of Nuclear Reactions489
- 13.4 The kinetics of Nuclear Reactions494
- 13.5 Modes and Energetics of Radioactive Decay504
- 13.6 Selected Induced Nuclear Reactions516
- 13.7 Interaction of lonizing Radiation With Matter522
- 13.8 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Biological Cells535
- 13.9 Classification of health Effects of lonizing Radiation537
- 13.10 Units of Exposure and Dose for lonizing Radiation538
- 13.11 Estimation of Exposure Rate from Gamma-Ray Sources544
- 13.12 Estimation of Dose Rate Based on Source Characteristics546
- 13.13 Specific Health Effects547
- 13.14 Correlation between Dose and Effect550
- Additional Reading553
- Exercises554
- Chapter 14. THE NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT561
- 14.1 Introduction561
- 14.2 Cosmic Radiation562
- 14.3 Naturally Occurring Sources of Redioactivity in the Environment564
- 14.4 Distribution of Naturally Occurring Radioactivity in the Enviroment565
- 14.5 Applications of Naturally Occurring Stable Nuclides and Radionuclides to the Study of Earth and582
- 14.6 Spacial-Purpose Sources of lonizing Radiation in the Environment: Types and Applications589
- 14.7 Nuclear Fission Power Plants606
- 14.8 Natural Fission Reactors( The Oklo Phenomenon)623
- 14.9 Thermonuclear Power Plants624
- 14.10 Cold Fusion626
- 14.11 Nuclear Weapons627
- 14.12 Radioactive Waste635
- 14.13 Pathways for Internal Exposure to lonizing Radiation651
- 14.14 Dose of lonizing Radiation Received by the U S. Population655
- 14.15 Regulatory Limits for Radiation Received by Radiation Workers and the General Population659
- 14.16 Examples of Accidents and Incidents Involving the Release of Radionuclides into the Enviroment661
- Additional Reading680
- Exercises683
- Chapter 15. ENERGY687
- 15.1 Introduction687
- 15.2 Thermodynamic Considerations689
- 15.3 Fossil Fuels694
- 15.4 Nuclear Energy701
- 15.5 Solar Energy710
- 15.6 Geothermal Energy728
- 15.7 Wind and Water730
- 15.8 Energy Storage737
- 15.9 Direct Generation of Electricity forme Fuels750
- 15.10 The Energy Future754
- Additional Reading762
- Exercises765
- Chapter 16. SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND RECYCLING769
- 16.1 Introduction769
- 16.2 Landfills772
- 16.3 Composting775
- 16.4 Anaerobic Digestion of Biological Wastes777
- 16.5 Incineration777
- 16.6 The Tire Problem781
- 16.7 Recycling783
- Additional Reading791
- APPENDIX A: DESIGNATION OF SPECTROSCOPIC STATES793
- A.1 Introduction793
- A.2 Atoms793
- A.3 Diatomic Molecules796
- A.4 Polyatomic Molecules799
- Additional Reading800
- APPENDIX B: THORIUM AND ACTIUM SERIES801
- APPENDIX C: UNITS805
- APPENDIX D: SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS807
- INDEX811
Book details
- Vendor Elsevier S & T
- SKU 9780120734610
- ISBN-13 9780080488479
- Author Bailey, Ronald A.; Clark, Herbert M.; Ferris, James P.; Krause, Sonja; Strong, Robert L.
- Edition 2nd
- Category Science
- Subject Environmental Science
Do you have questions about this book?
Emphasizing new science essential to the practice of environmental chemistry at the beginning of the new millennium, this book describes the atmosphere as a distinct sphere of the environment and the practice of industrial ecology as it applies to chemical science. It includes extensive coverage of nuclear chemistry, covering both natural environmental sources and anthropogenic sources, their impacts on health, and their role in energy production, that goes well beyond the newspaper coverage to discuss nuclear chemistry and disposal in a balanced and scientifically rational way.
* This is the only environmental chemistry text to adequately discuss nuclear chemistry and disposal in a balanced and scientifically rational way.
* The overall format allows for particular topics to be omitted at the discretion of the instructor without loss of continuity.
* Contains a discussion of climate history to put current climate concerns in perspective, an approach that makes current controversy about climate change more understandable.
* This is the only environmental chemistry text to adequately discuss nuclear chemistry and disposal in a balanced and scientifically rational way.
* The overall format allows for particular topics to be omitted at the discretion of the instructor without loss of continuity.
* Contains a discussion of climate history to put current climate concerns in perspective, an approach that makes current controversy about climate change more understandable.
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