Clinical Assessment and Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Table of Contentsv
- Prefacexiii
- Contributorsxv
- Part I Introduction1
- Chapter 1 Assessment and Intervention in Autism: an Historical Perspective3
- Introduction3
- Autism and Asperger’s Disorder: Historical Aspects4
- The Historical Development of Standard Diagnostic Criteria8
- Historical Aspects of Assessing ASDs10
- Autism Treatment15
- Conclusion24
- References24
- Chapter 2 Evidence-Based Practice for Autism Spectrum Disorders33
- Introduction33
- Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Overview34
- Guidelines for Consumers of Treatments for Individuals with Autism35
- Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders40
- Conclusion: Non-Behavioral Treatments53
- Summary and Future Directions53
- References57
- Chapter 3 Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Lifespan Perspective65
- Introduction65
- Lifespan Theories66
- Outcomes Across the Lifespan67
- Adolescence68
- Adulthood: Transition Planning74
- Adulthood: Ongoing Functional Supports75
- Conclusions and Areas for Future Research80
- References81
- Part II Assessment89
- Chapter 4 Differential Diagnosis91
- Introduction91
- Etiology92
- Genetic92
- Neurobiological93
- Immunological93
- Perinatal94
- MMR Vaccinations95
- Summary95
- Prevalence and Incidence95
- Lifespan Development96
- Differential Diagnoses within the Spectrum97
- Comorbid Psychopathology and Differential Diagnoses99
- Intellectual Disabilities100
- Language Disorders101
- Sleep Problems101
- Feeding Problems102
- Elimination Disorders103
- Tics and Tourette’s Syndrome103
- Anxiety Disorders104
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder106
- Summary109
- Autism Spectrum Disorders Assessment Measures109
- Conclusions118
- References119
- Chapter 5 Assessment of Challenging Behaviors in People with Autism Spectrum Disorders131
- Introduction131
- Functions of Assessment134
- Assessment of Topography136
- Assessment of Function138
- Aggression, Tantrums, and Related Behavior140
- Restrictive Intervention Procedures and Assessment145
- Stereotypy147
- Eating Problems149
- Psychiatric Disorders and Challenging Behaviors154
- Conclusions and Practitioner Recommendations156
- References156
- Chapter 6 Communication and Social Skills Assessment165
- Introduction165
- Defining Communication and Social Skills168
- Theoretical Conceptualizations of Communication and Social Skills172
- Classifying Communication and Social Skills175
- Purposes of Assessment176
- Assessment Procedures181
- Reliability and Validity186
- Summary and Conclusion188
- References188
- Chapter 7 Assessment of Independent Living/Adaptive Skills193
- Introduction193
- Home-Based or Parent/Caregiver-Report Assessments197
- School-Based or Teacher-Report Assessments202
- Clinic-Based or Clinician-Report Assessments207
- Self-Report Assessments211
- Summary and Conclusions212
- Acknowledgments215
- References215
- Chapter 8 Pharmacology Effects and Side Effects221
- Introduction221
- General Considerations222
- Behavioral and Emotional Problems in People with ASD231
- Dimensional Rating Scales232
- Prevalence of Drug Therapy235
- Measures of Therapeutic Improvement237
- Measures of Adverse Events248
- Summary251
- References252
- Appendix A: Side Effects Review Form Used in Risperidone Study (RUPP, 2005)260
- Appendix B: Side Effects Review Form Used in Methylphenidate Study (RUPP, 2002)262
- Part III Interventions265
- Chapter 9 Challenging Behaviors267
- Introduction267
- What is Challenging Behavior?268
- Prevalence of Challenging Behaviors in Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)268
- Chronicity of Challenging Behaviors and Effects on Carers270
- Approaches to Intervention271
- Functional Assessment Methods274
- Behavioral Interventions Selected by Maintaining Function276
- Challenging Behavior Maintained by Positive Reinforcement278
- Challenging Behavior Maintained by Negative Reinforcement281
- Challenging Behavior Maintained by Automatic Reinforcement284
- Concluding Summary and Recommendations289
- References291
- Chapter 10 Communication Intervention for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders299
- Introduction299
- Methods300
- Speech-Based Interventions301
- Milieu-Based Interventions303
- Communication Partner Interventions304
- Social Interaction Interventions304
- AAC Interventions306
- Introducing Speech Generating Devices309
- Introducing Non-Electronic Selection-Based Systems with Graphic Symbols310
- Teaching Manual Signs and Gestures311
- Functional Communication Training314
- Summary319
- References320
- Chapter 11 Teaching Adaptive Skills to People with Autism327
- Introduction327
- Applied Behavior Analysis328
- Task Analysis329
- Visually Cued Instruction330
- Modeling331
- Natural, Simulated, or Virtual Environments332
- Constant Time Delay (CTD)334
- Self-Management334
- Vocational Skills335
- Domestic Skills336
- Self-Care338
- Community Skills340
- Leisure Skills343
- Methodological Issues344
- Future Directions344
- Conclusion345
- References346
- Chapter 12 Comprehensive Treatment Packages for ASD: Perceived vs Proven Effectiveness351
- Introduction351
- Model Programs Approach352
- Evidenced-Based Treatment353
- Best Practice Guidelines354
- Comprehensive Treatment Packages354
- Survey of Status of Intervention Types and Research Support355
- Consumer Perspective362
- Review of Important Family Factors in Comprehensive Treatment373
- Recommendations376
- References377
- Chapter 13 Pharmacotherapy383
- Introduction383
- Rationales for Pharmacotherapy in ASD384
- Importance of Learning about Pharmacotherapy in ASD388
- Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy389
- Review of Relevant Pharmacotherapy in ASD390
- Perform a Complete Functional Behavior Analysis Prior to Pharmacotherapy400
- Baseline Medical Assessment401
- Pharmacotherapy Should Be Carried Out by a Team404
- Monitoring of Pharmacotherapy Effects404
- Recogniting Adverse or Side Effects Caused by Pharmacotherapy405
- Prevention of Development of Side Effects406
- Clinical Indications for Pharmacotherapy in ASD408
- Getting Medical Information Online411
- Summary411
- References413
- Index419
Autism spectrum disorder has received increasing research in recent years, with more information on assessment and treatment than can be readily assimilated from primary literature by clinicians. Clinical Assessment and Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders summarizes evidence-based assessments and intervention for Autism across the life-span, providing clinicians with a practical overview of how best to assess and treat this disorder. The book begins with a discussion of what warrants a determination of being "evidence based" and a description of the disorder from a life span perspective. The book also provides a chapter on differential diagnosis of autism relative to other disorders. What follows are separate sections on assessment and intervention. These chapters discuss first how to assess and then separately how to treat behavioral problems, communication and social skills issues, academic and vocational skills, and the use of pharmacology and an assessment of possible pharmacological effects. Intended for practitioners assessing and treating children with developmental delays, the book provides clinicians with best practices for assessing and treating delays associated with autism.
* Covers the full range of Autism Spectrum Disorders
* Covers the lifespan
* Focuses on evidence-based assessment and treatment
* Covers the full range of Autism Spectrum Disorders
* Covers the lifespan
* Focuses on evidence-based assessment and treatment