Elsevier S & T

Concepts and Applications in Environmental Geochemistry

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Table of contents
  • Copyright pageiv
  • Contentsv
  • List of Contributorsix
  • Introduction to the Book Seriesxv
  • Chapter 1. What goes around comes around: Today’s environmental geochemistry1
  • 1.1. Introduction1
  • References6
  • Section I: Todays Environmental Geochemistry„A Review of New Concepts and Innovative Practices7
  • Chapter 2. Modification of Goldschmidt’s geochemical classification of the elements to include ars9
  • 2.1. Introduction9
  • 2.2. Environmental geochemistry and anthropogenic dispersion of arsenic, lead, and mercury16
  • 2.3. Conclusion27
  • Acknowledgements28
  • References28
  • Chapter 3. Metal ions speciation in the environment: Distribution, toxicities and analyses33
  • 3.1. Introduction33
  • 3.2. Distribution34
  • 3.3. Toxicities38
  • 3.4. Analyses42
  • 3.5. Conclusion48
  • References48
  • Chapter 4. International practice in high-level nuclear waste management57
  • 4.1. Introduction57
  • 4.2. Definition and classification61
  • 4.3. Scope of the problem62
  • 4.4. Management of high-level nuclear waste63
  • 4.5. HLW disposal in various countries68
  • 4.6. Summary and conclusions76
  • Acknowledgments76
  • References76
  • Chapter 5. Phytoremediation of some heavy metals by agronomic crops79
  • 5.1. Introduction79
  • 5.2. Phytoextraction81
  • 5.3. Rhizofiltration85
  • 5.4. Phytostabilization86
  • 5.5. Phytovolatilization88
  • 5.6. Phytomining89
  • 5.7. Conclusion90
  • References92
  • Chapter 6. Environmental geochemistry of trace metal pollution in urban watersheds99
  • 6.1. Introduction and Background100
  • 6.2. Sources and sinks of trace metals in the urban environment103
  • 6.3. Methodological considerations114
  • 6.4. Hydrological and geochemical processes116
  • 6.5. Summary of metal pollution trends123
  • 6.6. Concluding statement124
  • References125
  • Section II: Geochemistry in Surface- and Groundwater Research133
  • Chapter 7. Geochemical cycling of trace and rare earth elements in Lake Tanganyika and its major tri135
  • 7.1. Introduction136
  • 7.2. Hydrogeological setting137
  • 7.3. Materials and methods138
  • 7.4. Results140
  • 7.5. Discussion159
  • 7.6. Conclusions165
  • Acknowledgements166
  • References166
  • Chapter 8. Baseline water chemistry, nitrate concentrations, and aquifer sensitivity of glacial sequ173
  • 8.1. Background174
  • 5.2. Aquifers175
  • 8.3. Site selection176
  • 8.4. Groundwater chemistry178
  • 8.5. Conclusions and recommendations189
  • Acknowledgments191
  • References191
  • Chapter 9. Agriculture-induced contamination of surface water and groundwater in Portugal195
  • 9.1. Agriculture, water quality and ecodevelopment195
  • 9.2. Nitrate pollution197
  • 9.3. Pesticides contamination and pollution198
  • 9.4. Phenolic compounds in two dams of Alentejo region (south Portugal)200
  • 9.5. Good agricultural practice for the protection of water resources203
  • References204
  • Chapter 10. Provenance and geochemistry of sediments in arsenic-affected areas of gangetic West Beng207
  • 10.1. Introduction207
  • 10.2. Regional setting of the study area209
  • 10.3. Materials and methods211
  • 10.4. Results and discussion215
  • 10.5. Conclusion225
  • Acknowledgments227
  • References227
  • Chapter 11. Rock-water interaction and its control on chemical composition of groundwater229
  • 11.1. General229
  • 11.2. Rock–water interaction230
  • 11.3. Rock–water interaction and hydrochemical patterns240
  • References242
  • Section III: Lithosphere–Hydrosphere Interactions: Applications of Geochemical Principles245
  • Chapter 12. Association of dissolved organic carbon with stream discharge and dissolved metals conce247
  • 12.1. Introduction248
  • 12.2. Materials and methods250
  • 12.3. Results254
  • 12.4. Discussion262
  • 12.5. Conclusions266
  • Acknowledgments267
  • References268
  • Chapter 13. Mineral control of minor, trace and rare earth elements during black shale weathering at273
  • 13.1. Introduction274
  • 13.2. Geological setting276
  • 13.3. Methods276
  • 13.4. Results279
  • 13.5. Factor loadings286
  • 13.6. Discussion292
  • 13.7. Conclusions297
  • Acknowledgments298
  • References298
  • Chapter 14. Hydrogeology of uranium-bearing groundwater in forest catchments in the humid temperate303
  • 14.1. Introduction304
  • 14.2. Topography, climate and geology304
  • 14.3. Methods306
  • 14.4. Results309
  • 14.5. Discussion318
  • 14.6. Conclusions321
  • References322
  • Section IV: Geochemistry in Soils Research325
  • Chapter 15. Effects of incubation time and arsenic load on arsenic bioaccessibility in three Florida327
  • 15.1. Introduction328
  • 15.2. Materials and methods330
  • 15.3. Results and discussion331
  • 15.4. Conclusions341
  • Acknowledgments342
  • References342
  • Chapter 16. A greenhouse study on soil-arsenic forms and their bioaccessibility in two chemically va345
  • 16.1. Introduction346
  • 16.2. Materials and methods347
  • 16.3. Results and discussion351
  • 16.4. Conclusions359
  • Acknowledgment360
  • References360
  • Chapter 17. Dissolution chemistry of inorganic selenium in alkaline mine soils363
  • 17.1. Introduction364
  • 17.2. Materials and methods365
  • 17.3. Results and discussion368
  • 17.4. Conclusion„Physicochemical and environmental significance376
  • References377
  • Chapter 18. Factors affecting spatial patterns of vadose-zone nitrate in south-central Kansas381
  • 18.1. Introduction381
  • 18.2. Results385
  • 18.3. Discussion398
  • 18.4. Conclusions400
  • Acknowledgments401
  • References401
  • Appendix 1. Methods403
  • Appendix 2. Statistical test results405
  • Chapter 19. Using GIS to display complex soil salinity patterns in an inland salt marsh407
  • 19.1. Introduction408
  • 19.2. Methods414
  • 19.3. Results418
  • 19.4. Discussion424
  • References428
  • Section V: Environmental Biogeochemistry„Concepts and Case Studies433
  • Chapter 20. Understanding spatial variability and its application to biogeochemistry analysis435
  • 20.1. Introduction436
  • 20.1. Concepts and methods436
  • 20.3. Case study446
  • 20.4. Remarks457
  • Acknowledgements459
  • References460
  • Chapter 21. Use of plants in biotechnology: Synthesis of metal nanoparticles by inactivated plant ti463
  • 21.1. Introduction464
  • 21.2. Metal uptake by plants465
  • 21.3. Formation of metal nanoparticles by inactivated plant biomass466
  • 21.4. Formation of metal nanoparticles by living plants473
  • 21.5. Nanoparticle extraction476
  • 21.6. Applications of nanoparticles477
  • 21.7. Conclusions479
  • Acknowledgments479
  • References480
  • Chapter 22. Phytorestoration of metal-contaminated industrial wasteland: A greenhouse feasibility st487
  • 22.1. Introduction488
  • 22.2. Materials and methods489
  • 22.3. Results and discussion492
  • 22.4. Conclusions499
  • Acknowledgments500
  • References500
  • Chapter 23. Linkages between diet and metal accumulation in crayfish503
  • 23.1. Introduction504
  • 23.2. Methods505
  • 23.3. Results507
  • 23.4. Discussion511
  • Acknowledgments513
  • References514
  • Chapter 24. Relations among land cover, vegetation index, and nitrate concentrations in streams of t515
  • 24.1. Introduction516
  • 24.2. Study area518
  • 24.3. Methods518
  • 24.4. Results525
  • 24.5. Discussion529
  • 24.6. Conclusions536
  • Acknowledgments537
  • References537
  • Section VI: Application of Geochemical Principles in Environmental Quality and Remediation Research541
  • Chapter 25. Remediation of arsenical pesticide applied soils using water treatment residuals: Prelim543
  • 25.1. Introduction544
  • 25.2. Materials and methods546
  • 25.3. Results and discussion547
  • References557
  • Chapter 26. Water quality issues in the outer coastal plains: New Jersey561
  • 26.1. Introduction562
  • 26.2. Factors affecting water quality566
  • 26.3. Conclusion585
  • References586
  • Chapter 27. Spatial and Temporal Trends in Surface Water Quality in a Segment of the San Antonio Riv591
  • 27.1. Introduction591
  • 27.2. Sampling locations594
  • 27.3. Methods and materials594
  • 27.4. Statistical analysis596
  • 27.5. Results596
  • 27.6. Discussion602
  • 27.7. Conclusions606
  • Acknowledgments606
  • References607
  • Chapter 28. Beneficial utilization of drinking-water treatment residuals as contaminant-mitigating a609
  • 28.1. What are WTRs?610
  • 28.2. Beneficial use of WTRs: The case of phosphorus617
  • 28.3. Potential limitations of WTR use629
  • 28.4. Future research needs631
  • References632
  • Chapter 29. Are soils the culprit? Linking natural and anthropogenic watershed processes to the degr637
  • 29.1. Introduction638
  • 29.2. Sampling locations640
  • 29.3. Field methods644
  • 29.4. Analytical methods644
  • 29.5. Results646
  • 29.6. Trace metal concentrations648
  • 29.7. Discussion652
  • 29.8. Summary and conclusions658
  • Acknowledgment660
  • References660
  • Section VII: Applications of New Analytical and Quantitative Methods in Environmental Geochemistry R663
  • Chapter 30. Characterizing the surface chemistry of oxides with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: As665
  • 30.1. Introduction666
  • 30.2. Method668
  • 30.3. Discussion670
  • 30.4. Conclusion680
  • Acknowledgments681
  • References681
  • Chapter 31. Arsenic speciation in soils: An analytical challenge for understanding arsenic biogeoche685
  • 31.1. Introduction685
  • 31.2. Arsenic speciation analysis in soil689
  • 31.3. Concluding remarks702
  • References703
  • Chapter 32. Surficial characterization of dioxin in Midland, Michigan, using non-euclidean geostatis709
  • 32.1. Background709
  • 32.2. Case study: Midland, Michigan dioxin characterization720
  • 32.3. Conclusions730
  • Acknowledgments730
  • References730
  • Chapter 33. Black shale weathering contribution to stream chemistry using end-member mixing analysis733
  • 33.1. Introduction734
  • 33.2. Methods736
  • 33.3. Results739
  • 33.4. Discussion743
  • 33.5. Conclusion748
  • Acknowledgments749
  • References749
  • Section VIII: Conclusion751
  • Chapter 34. Current trends and future directions in environmental geochemistry research753
  • Index759
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780080465227
  • ISBN-13 9780080549736

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This volume is for environmental researchers and government policy makers who are required to monitor environmental quality for their environmental investigators and remediation plans. It uses concepts and applications to aid in the exchange of scientific information across all the environmental science disciplines ranging from geochemistry to hydrogeology and ecology to biotechnology. Focusing on issues such as metals, organics and nutrient contamination of water and soils, and interactions between soil-water-plants-chemicals, the book synthesizes the latest findings in this rapidly-developing, multi-disciplinary field. Cutting-edge environmental analytical methods are also presented, making this a must-have for professionals tasked with monitoring environmental quality. These concepts and applications help in decision making and problem solving in a single resource.

*Integrative approach promotes the exchange of scientific information among different disciplines
*New concepts and case studies make the text unique among existing resources
*Tremendous practical value in environmental quality and remediation with an emphasis on human health and ecological risk assessment