Elsevier S & T

Decision Methods for Forest Resource Management

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Table of contents

Copyright PageCover
Contentsvii
Prefacexv
Chapter 1. Introduction1
1.1 Scope of Forest Resource Management1
1.2 The Nature of Models21
1.3 Systems Models22
1.4 The Role of Computers23
1.5 Good Models24
Annotated References25
Chapter 2. Principles of Linear Programming: Formulations28
2.1 Introduction28
2.2 First Example: A Poet and His Woods29
2.3 Second Example: Keeping the River Clean33
2.4 Standard Formulation of a Linear Programming Problem36
2.5 Spreadsheet Formulation of Linear Programs39
2.6 Assumptions of Linear Programming41
2.7 Conclusion43
Problems43
Annotated References46
Chapter 3. Principles of Linear Programming: Solutions48
3.1 Graphic Solution of the Poet’s Problem48
3.2 Graphic Solution of the River Pollution Problem52
3.3 The Simplex Method55
3.4 Duality in Linear Programming61
3.5 Spreadsheet Solution of Linear Programs66
3.6 Summary and Conclusion69
Problems70
Annotated References71
Chapter 4. Even-Aged Forest Management: A First Model72
4.1 Introduction72
4.2 Definitions73
4.3 Example: Converting Southern Hardwoods to Pine74
4.4 Model Formulation75
4.5 Solution77
4.6 Maximizing Present Value78
4.7 A Note on Redundancies79
4.8 Spreadsheet Formulation and Solution80
4.9 General Formulation83
4.10 Conclusion84
Problems85
Annotated References86
Chapter 5. Area- and Volume-Control Management with Linear Programming88
5.1 Introduction88
5.2 Preliminary Definitions89
5.3 Example: Optimizing the Yield of a Loblolly Pine Even-Aged Forest90
5.4 Solutions95
5.5 Adding Constraints and Objectives96
5.6 Spreadsheet Formulation and Solution97
5.7 General Formulation101
5.8 Summary and Conclusion102
Problems103
Annotated References105
Chapter 6. A Dynamic Model of the Even-Aged Forest108
6.1 Introduction108
6.2 Example109
6.3 A Model of Forest Growth109
6.4 Sustainability Constraints112
6.5 Objective Function114
6.6 Spreadsheet Formulation and Solution116
6.7 General Formulation122
6.8 Summary and Conclusion123
Problems124
Annotated References125
Chapter 7. Economic Objectives and Environmental Policies for Even-Aged Forests128
7.1 Introduction128
7.2 Land Expectation Value and Economic Rotation129
7.3 Estimating Forest Value by Linear Programming132
7.4 Spreadsheet Optimization of Forest Value135
7.5 Even-Flow Policy: Cost and Benefits138
7.6 Mixed Economic and Environmental Objectives140
7.7 General Formulation142
7.8 Summary and Conclusion144
Problems145
Annotated References148
Chapter 8. Managing the Uneven-Aged Forest with Linear Programming150
8.1 Introduction150
8.2 A Growth Model of the Uneven-Aged Forest Stand152
8.3 Predicting the Growth of an Unmanaged Stand155
8.4 Growth Model for a Managed Stand159
8.5 Optimizing Uneven-Aged Stands162
8.6 General Formulation166
8.7 Summary and Conclusion169
Problems169
Annotated References172
Chapter 9. Economic and Environmental Management of Uneven-Aged Forests174
9.1 Introduction174
9.2 Economic Steady State for Uneven-Aged Stands175
9.3 Environmental Objectives183
9.4 Converting a Stand to the Desired Steady State187
9.5 General Formulation190
9.6 Summary and Conclusion192
Problems193
Annotated References195
Chapter 10. Multiple Objectives Management with Goal Programming198
10.1 Introduction198
10.2 Example: River Pollution Control Revisited199
10.3 Goal-Programming Constraints200
10.4 Goal-Programming Objective Function201
10.5 Spreadsheet Formulation and Solution203
10.6 Objective Functions with Ordinal Weights206
10.7 Goal Programming in Even-Aged Forest Management208
10.8 Goal Programming in Uneven-Aged Stand Management211
10.9 General Formulation214
10.10 Conclusion: Goal Versus Linear Programming217
Problems218
Annotated References220
Chapter 11. Forest Resource Programming Models with Integer Variables222
11.1 Introduction222
11.2 Shortcomings of the Simplex Method with Integer Variables223
11.3 Connecting Locations at Minimum Cost226
11.4 Assigning Foresters to Jobs229
11.5 Designing an Efficient Road Network233
11.6 Models with Integer and Continuous Variables240
11.7 Conclusion245
Problems245
Annotated References251
Chapter 12. Project Management with the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Project Evaluation and Re254
12.1 Introduction254
12.2 A Slash-Burn Project255
12.3 Building a CPM/PERT Network256
12.4 Earliest Start and Finish Times258
12.5 Latest Start and Finish Times262
12.6 Activity Slack and Critical Path265
12.7 Gantt Chart267
12.8 Dealing with Uncertainty268
12.9 Summary and Conclusion271
Problems272
Annotated References275
Chapter 13. Multistage Decision Making with Dynamic Programming278
13.1 Introduction278
13.2 Best Thinning of an Even-Aged Forest Stand279
13.3 General Formulation of Dynamic Programming288
13.4 Trimming Paper Sheets to Maximize Value289
13.5 Minimizing the Risk of Losing an Endangered Species296
13.6 Conclusion301
Problems302
Annotated References306
Chapter 14. Simulation of Uneven-Aged Stand Management308
14.1 Introduction308
14.2 Types of Simulation309
14.3 Deterministic Simulation of Uneven-Aged Forest Management310
14.4 Applications of Deterministic Simulation Model314
14.5 Stochastic Simulation319
14.6 Conclusion327
Problems327
Annotated References330
Chapter 15. Simulation of Even-Aged Forest Management332
15.1 Introduction332
15.2 Deterministic Simulation of Even-Aged Management333
15.3 Applications of Deterministic Simulation338
15.4 Simulating Catastrophic Events343
15.5 Spreadsheet Stochastic Simulation347
15.6 Conclusion351
Problems351
Annotated References354
Chapter 16. Projecting Forest Landscape and Income Under Risk with Markov Chains356
16.1 Introduction356
16.2 Natural Forest Growth as a Markov Chain357
16.3 Predicting the Effects of Management363
16.4 Summary and Conclusion370
Problems371
Annotated References373
Chapter 17. Optimizing Forest Income and Biodiversity with Markov Decision Processes376
17.1 Introduction376
17.2 Markov Decision Process377
17.3 Maximizing Discounted Expected Returns378
17.4 Maximizing Long-Term Expected Biodiversity381
17.5 Maximum Expected Biodiversity with Income Constraint386
17.6 Summary and Conclusion388
Problems389
Annotated References390
Chapter 18. Analysis of Forest Resource Investments392
18.1 Introduction392
18.2 Investment and Interest Rate393
18.3 Investment Criteria397
18.4 Choice of Projects Under Constraints404
18.5 Inflation and Investment Analysis407
18.6 Choosing an Interest Rate411
18.7 Summary and Conclusion415
Problems415
Annotated References418
Chapter 19. Econometric Analysis and Forecasting of Forest Product Markets420
19.1 Introduction420
19.2 Econometrics421
19.3 A Model of the United States Pulpwood Market421
19.4 Data425
19.5 Model Estimation425
19.6 Inferences, Forecasting, and Structural Analysis433
19.7 Conclusion435
Problems435
Annotated References439
Appendix A. Compounding and Discounting440
Appendix B. Elements of Matrix Algebra444
Elements of Matrix Algebra444
Index448

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780121413606
ISBN-13 9780080491042

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Decision Methods for Forest Resource Management focuses on decision making for forests that are managed for both ecological and economic objectives. The essential modern decision methods used in the scientific management of forests are described using basic algebra, computer spreadsheets, and numerous examples and applications. Balanced treatment is given throughout the book to the ecological and economic impacts of alternative management decisions in both even-aged and uneven-aged forests.

* In-depth coverage of both ecological and economic issues
* Hands-on examples with Excel spreadsheets; electronic versions available on the authors' website
* Many related exercises with solutions
* Instructor's Manual available upon request

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