Digital Modeling of Material Appearance
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Title pagei
- Copyright Pageiv
- Table of Contentsv
- Acknowledgmentsix
- Chapter 1. Introduction1
- Chapter 2. Background5
- 2.1 Light7
- 2.2 Human Perception and Judgments12
- 2.3 Image Synthesis21
- 2.4 Summary and Further Reading24
- Chapter 3. Observation and Classification27
- 3.1 A Tour of Materials28
- 3.2 Examples of Modeling Classes of Materials44
- Chapter 4. Mathematical Terms47
- 4.1 Energy as a Function of Time, Position, and Direction48
- 4.2 Radiance54
- 4.3 Reflectance and BRDF55
- Chapter 5. General Material Models61
- 5.1 Reflection and Refraction from a Smooth Surface62
- 5.2 Empirical Models69
- 5.3 Analytical First Principles Models83
- 5.4 Simulation from First Principles93
- 5.5 Spectral Effects95
- 5.6 Other Effects97
- 5.7 Scattering in Volumes101
- 5.8 Spatial Variations120
- Chapter 6. Specialized Material Models123
- 6.1 Natural Organic Materials124
- 6.2 Natural: Inorganic144
- 6.3 Materials in Manufactured Goods147
- Chapter 7. Measurement161
- 7.1 Traditional Measurement162
- 7.2 Image-Based BRDF Measurements of Sample Materials169
- 7.3 Measurement of Existing Objects174
- 7.4 Simultaneous Shape and Reflectance Capture182
- 7.5 Small-Scale Geometric Structures183
- 7.6 Alternative Representations188
- 7.7 Subsurface Scattering and Volumetric Media189
- 7.8 Additional Dimensions191
- Chapter 8. Aging and Weathering193
- 8.1 Weathering Taxonomy193
- 8.2 Simulation of Weathering Effects207
- 8.3 Replication of Aged Appearance220
- 8.4 Capture, Analysis, and Transfer of Effects222
- Chapter 9. Specifying and Encoding Appearance Descriptions227
- 9.1 Practical Techniques for Appearance Specification227
- 9.2 Encoding Local Appearance Attributes235
- 9.3 Association of Material and Shape238
- Chapter 10. Rendering Appearance243
- 10.1 An Overview of Image Creation Techniques243
- 10.2 Simulating Global Illumination251
- 10.3 Rendering Local Appearance264
- 10.4 Color and Tone270
- 10.5 Precomputed Rendering Elements273
- Bibliography277
- Index303
Computer graphics systems are capable of generating stunningly realistic images of objects that have never physically existed. In order for computers to create these accurately detailed images, digital models of appearance must include robust data to give viewers a credible visual impression of the depicted materials. In particular, digital models demonstrating the nuances of how materials interact with light are essential to this capability.
This is the first comprehensive work on the digital modeling of material appearance: it explains how models from physics and engineering are combined with keen observation skills for use in computer graphics rendering.
Written by the foremost experts in appearance modeling and rendering, this book is for practitioners who want a general framework for understanding material modeling tools, and also for researchers pursuing the development of new modeling techniques. The text is not a "how to" guide for a particular software system. Instead, it provides a thorough discussion of foundations and detailed coverage of key advances.
Practitioners and researchers in applications such as architecture, theater, product development, cultural heritage documentation, visual simulation and training, as well as traditional digital application areas such as feature film, television, and computer games, will benefit from this much needed resource.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Julie Dorsey and Holly Rushmeier are professors in the Computer Science Department at Yale University and co-directors of the Yale Computer Graphics Group. François Sillion is a senior researcher with INRIA (Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique), and director of its Grenoble Rhône-Alpes research center.
* First comprehensive treatment of the digital modeling of material appearance;
* Provides a foundation for modeling appearance, based on the physics of how light interacts with materials, how people perceive appearance, and the implications of rendering appearance on a digital computer;
* An invaluable, one-stop resource for practitioners and researchers in a variety of fields dealing with the digital modeling of material appearance.
This is the first comprehensive work on the digital modeling of material appearance: it explains how models from physics and engineering are combined with keen observation skills for use in computer graphics rendering.
Written by the foremost experts in appearance modeling and rendering, this book is for practitioners who want a general framework for understanding material modeling tools, and also for researchers pursuing the development of new modeling techniques. The text is not a "how to" guide for a particular software system. Instead, it provides a thorough discussion of foundations and detailed coverage of key advances.
Practitioners and researchers in applications such as architecture, theater, product development, cultural heritage documentation, visual simulation and training, as well as traditional digital application areas such as feature film, television, and computer games, will benefit from this much needed resource.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Julie Dorsey and Holly Rushmeier are professors in the Computer Science Department at Yale University and co-directors of the Yale Computer Graphics Group. François Sillion is a senior researcher with INRIA (Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique), and director of its Grenoble Rhône-Alpes research center.
* First comprehensive treatment of the digital modeling of material appearance;
* Provides a foundation for modeling appearance, based on the physics of how light interacts with materials, how people perceive appearance, and the implications of rendering appearance on a digital computer;
* An invaluable, one-stop resource for practitioners and researchers in a variety of fields dealing with the digital modeling of material appearance.