Diversity in Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>)
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contributorsvii
- Contentsxi
- Prefacev
- Contributorsvii
- Section I: Introduction1
- Chapter 1. Barley diversity- an introduction3
- Biodiversity – a matter of global concern3
- Importance of barley4
- Components of the book5
- Conventions6
- Closing remarks7
- Acknowledgements7
- References8
- Section II: Origin of Barley Diversity8a
- Chapter 2. The domestication of cultivated barley9
- Taxonomic position of barley9
- The genus Hordeum and the genepools of barley9
- The wild progenitor of barley12
- The domestication of barley13
- Theories of domestication14
- Expansion of barley cultivation during prehistoric times15
- Important traits for domestication and early migration16
- Conclusions and outlook23
- References23
- Chapter 3. Diversification through breeding29
- Introduction29
- Expansion of barley cultivation through history29
- Barley breeding33
- Measuring genetic diversity45
- Conclusions and outlook49
- Acknowledgements50
- References50
- Section III: Current Barley Diversity52a
- Chapter 4. Ecogeographical diversity – a Vavilovian approach53
- Introduction53
- Characters used for the delimitation and description of agro-ecological groups54
- Centres of diversity and agro-ecological groups57
- Conclusions and outlook71
- Acknowledgements71
- References72
- Chapter 5. Diversity of barley mutants77
- Introduction77
- Sources of hereditary variation77
- Naming and grouping of barley mutants80
- Descriptions of different mutant groups80
- Environmental stress responses92
- Nutritional quality factors92
- Conclusions and outlook92
- References94
- Chapter 6. Cytogenetic diversity97
- Introduction97
- General karyotype variation97
- Chromosome structural variation103
- Molecular cytogenetic variation107
- Conclusions and outlook111
- References112
- Chapter 7. Molecular diversity of the barley genome121
- Introduction121
- Isozymes121
- Hordeins126
- DNA Markers127
- Conclusions and outlook135
- References136
- Chapter 8. Diversity in resistance to biotic stresses143
- Introduction143
- Terminology143
- Diversity in resistance to fungal diseases144
- Diversity in resistance and tolerance to virus diseases154
- Diversity in resistance to pests and nematodes157
- Conclusions and outlook161
- Acknowledgements162
- References162
- Chapter 9. Diversity in abiotic stress tolerances179
- Introduction179
- Drought tolerance179
- Winter hardiness182
- Flooding tolerance185
- Tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting187
- Deep-seeding tolerance189
- Salinity tolerance190
- Acid and alkaline soils and tolerance to heavy metals191
- Conclusions and outlook192
- Acknowledgements193
- References193
- Chapter 10. Genetic diversity for quantitatively inherited agronomic and malting quality traits201
- Introduction201
- Agronomic traits202
- Malting quality traits204
- Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)208
- Conclusions and outlook213
- References222
- Section IV: Conservation and Future Utilization of Barley227a
- Chapter 11. Detecting diversity – a new holistic, exploratory approach bridging phenotype and geno227
- Introduction227
- Plant breeding as a multidisciplinary technology227
- Screening methods for acquiring data banks on genotypic and phenotypic diversity228
- Screening biodiversity of the barley endosperm proteome230
- The upgraded plant breeder as a model for fundamental explorative strategy in science234
- The mathematical languages of different scientific cultures237
- Explaining and utilising the identified genetic diversity for new breeding goals in strengthening th240
- Conclusions and outlook242
- References242
- Chapter 12. Diversity in ex situ genebank collections of barley247
- Introduction247
- Barley genetic diversity248
- Conservation methods249
- Collections250
- Conclusions and outlook255
- Acknowledgements255
- References256
- Chapter 13. Summarised diversity – the Barley Core Collection259
- Introduction259
- History259
- Concepts260
- Organisation and development261
- Subsets o f the BCC263
- Studies carried out on the BCC, use of the BCC, first results265
- Conclusions and outlook266
- Acknowledgements266
- References266
- Chapter 14. Barley diversity – an outlook269
- Introduction269
- Formation and structuring of genetic diversity269
- The current model of diversity270
- Barley as a model crop for genetic research275
- Conclusions and outlook276
- References277
- Keyword list279
Barley is a major crop in the world used for food, feed and malt, and with a wide religious and ethnic importance. The crop was domesticated in Neolithic time in SW Asia and spread rapidly under cultivation to new areas. Nowadays it is one of the most widespread and widely adapted crops grown under contrasting edaphic conditions. Adaptations to new environments, different agricultural practices and selection for different uses have further added to the complex diversity pattern.
Is it at all possible to give a complete picture of the diversity in a crop or wild species? Are we, by adding new technologies, only revealing parts of the diversity? Do different sets of data show similar or conflicting pictures of genetic diversity? Will the large genome size reduce the role of barley as a model organism in these current sequencing days? Or, are there still major reasons to continue to work with this beautiful crop?
The aim of this book is to cover the complex issue of diversification in time and space in a single crop: barley. Leading scientists from various fields describe the entire variation pattern in different sets of characters and an attempt is made for a synthesis to a holistic picture. The book proposes ways to use the achievements of diversity studies in future research and breeding programmes.