Dynamic Surface Tensiometry in Medicine
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsxi
- Prefacev
- Chapter 1. Theory of protein adsorption and model experiments1
- 1.1. Thermodynamics of protein adsorption at the liquid/fluid interfaces1
- 1.2. Adsorption kinetics16
- 1.3. Experimental studies of model biological liquids20
- 1.4. Influence of additives26
- 1.5. Summary36
- 1.6. References37
- Chapter 2. Experimental technique and analysis of tensiograms41
- 2.1. Experimental methods41
- 2.2. The design of maximum bubble pressure tensiometer43
- 2.3. Theory of the maximum bubble pressure method45
- 2.4. Experimental technique55
- 2.5. Analysis of tensiograms59
- 2.6. Summary63
- 2.7. References64
- Chapter 3. Dynamic interfacial tensiometry of biological liquids for healthy persons68
- 3.1. Dependence of dynamic surface tension on sex and age of patients68
- 3.2. Dynamic surface tension of serum and amniotic liquid for pregnant women81
- 3.3. Summary96
- 3.4. References96
- Chapter 4. Application of Surface Tensiometry in Nephrology99
- 4.1. Glomerulonephrites100
- 4.2. Primary pyelonephritis and urolithiasis152
- 4.3. Diabetic nephropathy163
- 4.4. Other renal diseases175
- 4.5. Summary183
- 4.6. References183
- Chapter 5. Surface tensiometry in rheumatology191
- 5.1. Pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases191
- 5.2. Systemic lupus erythematosus195
- 5.3. Rheumatism207
- 5.4. Sclerodermia systematica215
- 5.5. Rheumatoid arthritis216
- 5.6. Reiter's disease228
- 5.7. Psoriasis229
- 5.8. Gout231
- 5.9. Osteoarthrosis236
- 5.10. Effect of glucocorticoid therapy and plasmapheresis237
- 5.11. Summary241
- 5.12. References241
- Chapter 6. Surface tensiometry in pulmonology245
- 6.1. Pathogenesis of respiratory diseases245
- 6.2. Bronchitis258
- 6.3. Bronchial asthma and other pulmonary diseases264
- 6.4. Dust pathology of respiratory organs269
- 6.5. Summary281
- 6.6. References282
- Chapter 7. Surface tensiometry in neurology286
- 7.1. Tensiogram parameters for diseases of the nervous system286
- 7.2. Influence of the nosological form of an infection disease297
- 7.3. Role of patients age and duration of a disease298
- 7.4. Correlation between surface tension parameters and amount of proteins and other components303
- 7.5. Role of tensiometry in therapy, diagnosis and prognosis313
- 7.6. Summary321
- 7.7. References321
- Chapter 8. Interfacial tensiometry in oncology324
- 8.1. Pathogenesis of oncological disease324
- 8.2. Serum tensiograms for different tumour localisations328
- 8.3. Correlation between surface tensions and biological liquid's composition335
- 8.4. Influence of radiation therapy on dynamic surface tensions347
- 8.5. Effects of operative treatments353
- 8.6. Summary355
- 8.7. References356
- 9. List of symbols359
- 10. Subject Index365
Human biological liquids contain numerous low- and high-molecular weight surfactants. The human organism contains interfaces with enormous surfaces. The physicochemical and biochemical processes taking place at these interfaces are extremely important for the vital functions of the organism as a whole, and the interfacial properties may reflect peculiarities of age and sex, health and disease. The present book is the first attempt to systematically present the results of dynamic and equilibrium surface tensions measurements of serum and urine samples that were obtained from healthy humans of various sex and age, and to compare these results with measurements of biological liquids obtained from patients suffering from various diseases or with measurements of amniotic fluid obtained from women at various stages of pregnancy.
Pulmonary medicine, especially neonatology, has systematically used interfacial tensiometry for studying pulmonary surfactant. In this particular area, significant progress was achieved in the treatment of diseases related to alterations of the lung surfactant system. We believe that, similar to the progress in pulmonary medicine attributed to surface chemical studies of lung surfactant, progress in other medical branches could be expected through studies of interfacial characteristics of other human biological liquids.
For several years the authors of this book have been engaged in studies aimed at the improvement of the maximum bubble pressure method, resulting in the development of computer controlled tensiometers which are capable of measuring dynamic surface tensions within a wide range of surface lifetime. In addition to the measurement techniques, a correct interpretation and analysis of the tensiometric data obtained is extremely important. The kinetic theory of adsorption from solutions, and the theory of equilibrium adsorption layers of surfactant/protein mixtures provide the basis for both the choice of the most characteristic parameters of tensiograms and the analysis of the results. Some theoretical models describing the adsorption of proteins are presented in Chapter 1. The main theoretical and experimental issues related to the maximum bubble pressure technique as applied to biological liquids are presented in Chapter 2. A more detailed discussion of the differences of the various methods in use for measuring dynamic surface tension of biological fluids is provided in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 gives data from patients with kidney disease, Chapter 5 from patients with rheumatic diseases, Chapter 6 with pulmonary diseases, Chapter 7 with diseases of the central nervous system, and Chapter 8 with neoplasms.
Dynamic interface tensiometry of human biological liquids is a fascinating new method which deserves a broad use for prospective studies of various diseases.
Pulmonary medicine, especially neonatology, has systematically used interfacial tensiometry for studying pulmonary surfactant. In this particular area, significant progress was achieved in the treatment of diseases related to alterations of the lung surfactant system. We believe that, similar to the progress in pulmonary medicine attributed to surface chemical studies of lung surfactant, progress in other medical branches could be expected through studies of interfacial characteristics of other human biological liquids.
For several years the authors of this book have been engaged in studies aimed at the improvement of the maximum bubble pressure method, resulting in the development of computer controlled tensiometers which are capable of measuring dynamic surface tensions within a wide range of surface lifetime. In addition to the measurement techniques, a correct interpretation and analysis of the tensiometric data obtained is extremely important. The kinetic theory of adsorption from solutions, and the theory of equilibrium adsorption layers of surfactant/protein mixtures provide the basis for both the choice of the most characteristic parameters of tensiograms and the analysis of the results. Some theoretical models describing the adsorption of proteins are presented in Chapter 1. The main theoretical and experimental issues related to the maximum bubble pressure technique as applied to biological liquids are presented in Chapter 2. A more detailed discussion of the differences of the various methods in use for measuring dynamic surface tension of biological fluids is provided in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 gives data from patients with kidney disease, Chapter 5 from patients with rheumatic diseases, Chapter 6 with pulmonary diseases, Chapter 7 with diseases of the central nervous system, and Chapter 8 with neoplasms.
Dynamic interface tensiometry of human biological liquids is a fascinating new method which deserves a broad use for prospective studies of various diseases.