E. coli: Genomics, Evolution and Pathogenesis
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Table of contents
- Contentsvii
- Contributorsxvii
- Introductionxxi
- Part I: Escherichia coli The Organism1
- Chapter 1. The Genomes of Escherichia coli K-12 and Pathogenic E. coli3
- Introduction3
- History of E. coli Genomics4
- Analysis and Comparison of E. coli Genomes7
- Functional Analyses of E. coli Genes37
- The Future of E. coli Genomics43
- Acknowledgments44
- References44
- Chapter 2. Evolution of Pathogenic Escherichia coli55
- Introduction55
- Evolution in E. coli56
- Virulence Factors and Virulence57
- Phylogenetic Relationships in E. coli58
- Evolution of Individual VFs58
- Diversifying and Directional Selection59
- Phylogenetic Distribution of VFs61
- Pathogenicity-Associated Islands62
- Virulence Plasmids63
- Repeated Emergence of Virulent Clones64
- Genomic Background and Virulence64
- Phylogenetic Distribution of Pathogenic E. coli65
- Intestinal Pathogenic E. coli66
- Why Pathogenic E. coli?68
- Summary70
- Acknowledgments70
- References70
- Part II: Escherichia coli Pathotypesix
- Chapter 3. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli81
- Characteristics of EPEC and EPEC Infections81
- EPEC Molecular Pathogenesis83
- Integration of EPEC Pathogenic Features99
- Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control of EPEC Infections101
- References104
- Chapter 4. Enterohemorrhagic and Other Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli119
- Background119
- Epidemiology of STEC122
- Clinical Manifestations of STEC Infection125
- Shiga Toxins126
- Molecular Pathogenesis130
- HUS Pathogenesis and Effects of Shiga Toxin on Various135
- Prospects for Prevention and Control141
- References142
- Chapter 5. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli155
- ETEC Epidemiology156
- ETEC Pathogenesis157
- ETEC Virulence Factors157
- Treatment and Prevention of ETEC Infections170
- References173
- Chapter 6. Enteroaggregative and Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli189
- Enteroaggregative E. coli189
- Diffusely Adhering E. coli200
- References203
- Chapter 7. Shigella and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli: Paradigms for Pathogen Evolution and Host-P209
- Introduction209
- Classification and Biochemical Characteristics210
- Characteristics of Disease211
- Virulence Factors and Genetics216
- Evolution of Shigella Species and EIEC229
- Conclusions231
- Acknowledgments231
- References231
- Chapter 8. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli239
- Epidemiology and Clinical Symptoms239
- UPEC as a Defined Group of Strains240
- Virulence Factors243
- Model258
- Summary259
- References259
- Chapter 9. Meningitis-Associated Escherichia coli269
- Introduction269
- Models of Blood-Brain Barrier270
- A Threshold Level of Bacteremia270
- Bacterial Structures Contributing to Binding to BMECs271
- Bacterial Structures Contributing to Invasion of BMECs271
- E. coli K1 Genome276
- Bacterial Trafficking of BMEC276
- Traversal of the Blood-Brain Barrier as Live Bacteria282
- Conclusion282
- Acknowledgments283
- References284
- Part III: Escherichia coli Virulence Factorsxii
- Chapter 10. Adhesive Pili of the Chaperone-Usher Family289
- Introduction289
- Characteristics of Pili291
- Biogenesis of Pili297
- Conclusion302
- Acknowledgments303
- References303
- Chapter 11. Type IV Pili307
- Introduction307
- Distribution310
- Genetic Organization311
- Role in Virulence312
- Pilus Structure313
- Proteins Involved in Pilus Biogenesis and Function315
- Regulation of BFP Expression327
- Acknowledgments328
- References328
- Chapter 12. The LEE-Encoded Type III Secretion System in EPEC and EHEC: Assembly, Function, and Regu337
- Introduction337
- Secretion Strategies in Gram-Negative Bacteria338
- General Features of Type III Secretion339
- Type III Secretion in EPEC and EHEC342
- Regulation of LEE Gene Expression346
- Conclusions353
- References353
- Chapter 13. Hemolysin361
- Introduction361
- Synthesis of E. coli Prohemolysin365
- Toxin Maturation367
- Secretion of Hemolysin370
- Acknowledgments374
- References375
- Chapter 14. Capsule and Lipopolysaccharide379
- Introduction379
- Clinical Classification of E. coli380
- Physical and Genetic Characteristics of Capsule and LPS381
- Evolutionary Roots of Capsule and O-Specific Antigen Gene Clusters386
- The Role of Capsule and LPS in the Pathogenesis of Infection387
- Surface Polysaccharides Stimulate and Attenuate the Host Infiammatory Response394
- Capsule and O-Antigen May Subvert the Host’s Acquired Immunologic Response396
- Summary397
- References397
- Index405
- Color Plate SectionColor Plate-1
Description
Although most strains of E. coli bacteria are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals, several strains can produce powerful toxins and cause severe illness in humans. This versatile pathogen is best known for being transmitted to humans through contaminated foods - such as undercooked meat and unpasteurized fruit juice - and has attracts much attention when serious outbreaks occur.
Importance of Topic
E. coli is capable of causing a wide variety of diseases - from urinary tract infections to meningitis. A considerable amount of media coverage has recently been devoted to one particular strain of E. coli, responsible for an estimated 73,000 cases of infection and 61 deaths in the United States each year. Knowing more about the biology, the evolution, and the genetic basis of this pathogen is crucial to future prevention of infection and illness.
Why This Title
Pathogenic E. coli is a unique, comprehensive analysis of the biology and molecular mechanisms that enable this ubiquitous organism to thrive. Leading investigators in the field discuss the molecular basis of E. coli pathogenesis followed by chapters on genomics and evolution. Detailed descriptions of distinct strains reveal the molecular pathogenesis of each and the causes of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in humans. Pathogenic E. coli concludes with a presentation of virulance factors, common to two or more pathotypes. This unique collection presents timely and vital information on understanding the inner workings of E. coli, which will lend key insights into disease prevention research.
Key Features
* Single source of information of E. coli pathogenesis
* Expert authors
* Comprehensive coverage
* Molecular mechanisms
* Biology, evolution and genomics
* Recent advances
Although most strains of E. coli bacteria are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals, several strains can produce powerful toxins and cause severe illness in humans. This versatile pathogen is best known for being transmitted to humans through contaminated foods - such as undercooked meat and unpasteurized fruit juice - and has attracts much attention when serious outbreaks occur.
Importance of Topic
E. coli is capable of causing a wide variety of diseases - from urinary tract infections to meningitis. A considerable amount of media coverage has recently been devoted to one particular strain of E. coli, responsible for an estimated 73,000 cases of infection and 61 deaths in the United States each year. Knowing more about the biology, the evolution, and the genetic basis of this pathogen is crucial to future prevention of infection and illness.
Why This Title
Pathogenic E. coli is a unique, comprehensive analysis of the biology and molecular mechanisms that enable this ubiquitous organism to thrive. Leading investigators in the field discuss the molecular basis of E. coli pathogenesis followed by chapters on genomics and evolution. Detailed descriptions of distinct strains reveal the molecular pathogenesis of each and the causes of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in humans. Pathogenic E. coli concludes with a presentation of virulance factors, common to two or more pathotypes. This unique collection presents timely and vital information on understanding the inner workings of E. coli, which will lend key insights into disease prevention research.
Key Features
* Single source of information of E. coli pathogenesis
* Expert authors
* Comprehensive coverage
* Molecular mechanisms
* Biology, evolution and genomics
* Recent advances