Ecological and Silvicultural Strategies for Sustainable Forest Management
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsvii
- Prefacev
- Chapter 1. Introduction1
- Part I: Forest Ecology and Foundation of Sustainable Forest Management5
- Chapter 2. Characteristics and Ecological Adaptive Features of Trees and Forests7
- 2.1 Characteristics of trees and forests7
- 2.2 Factors affecting the growth of trees and forests10
- 2.3 Variations and adaptations of individual trees21
- 2.4 Variations and ada ptations of forest communities and ecosystems28
- Chapter 3. Factors Influencing Forest Productivity65
- 3.1 Growth of individual trees and forest productivity65
- 3.2 Main factors regulating productivity67
- 3.3 Changes in productivity with time or stand age68
- 3.4 Range of productivity within different forest types around the world72
- 3.5 Factors limiting high productivity and large biomass75
- 3.6 Linkages between manipulating productivity and forest management76
- Part II: Specific Silvicultural Techniques79
- Chapter 4. Regeneration81
- 4.1 Production of planting stock81
- 4.2 Regulation of regenerative canopy openings89
- 4.3 Site preparation90
- 4.4 Tree planting93
- 4.5 Natural regeneration100
- Chapter 5. Management to Control Interspecific Competition101
- 5.1 Forest vegetation management101
- 5.2 Weeding103
- 5.3 Climber control111
- 5.4 Liberation operations117
- 5.5 Improvement, salvage and sanitation cuttings118
- Chapter 6. Control of Individual Tree Growth and Quality in Relation to Stand Density121
- 6.1 Pruning121
- 6.2 Thinning139
- Part III: Silvicultural Systems and Methods for Sustainable Forest Management for Wood Production163
- Chapter 7. Classification of Silvicultural methods165
- 7.1 Criteria for classifying silvicultural methods165
- 7.2 New classification of silvicultural methods175
- Chapter 8. Silvicultural Methods for Wood Production177
- 8.1 High-forest methods (Production of large or middle-size logs mainly for sawn timber; long rotati179
- 8.2 Coppice methods (Production of small logs mainly for fuelwood, pulpwood, and other biomass uses)229
- Part IV: Silvicultural Strategies for Sustainable Forest Management239
- Chapter 9. Sustained Forest Ecosystem Management241
- 9.1 Significance of sustainable forest management241
- 9.2 Integrating sustainability criteria into new silvicultural systems243
- 9.3 The relationship between forest ecosystems and human requirements from the forest245
- Chapter 10. Conservation of Biodiversity249
- 10.1 Significance of biodiversity249
- 10.2 Ecological principles of biodiversity250
- 10.3 Forest conditions that enhance biodiversity251
- 10.4 Forest management for the conservation of biodiversity255
- 10.5 Silvicultural practices260
- Chapter 11. Conservation and Maintenance of Soil and Water Resources269
- 11.1 Water yield as a function of forests269
- 11.2 Sediment disaster control274
- 11.3 Silvicultural practices for the conservation of soil and water resources275
- Chapter 12. Maintaining productivity for production of forest products279
- 12.1 Significance ofwood production280
- 12.2 Conflicts between wood production and conservation of other forest functions285
- 12.3 Silvicultural and ecological management methods to fulfil other forest functions286
- 12.4 Overview of cutting methods, rotation length, and stand structure289
- 12.5 Overview of the distribution of forest types and stand development stages290
- Chapter 13. Maintenance and Enhancement o f Cultural and Recreational Functions293
- 13.1 Cultural and recreational functions293
- 13.2 Some examples of management in forested recreational areas295
- Chapter 14. Maintenance of forest contribution to global carbon cycles299
- 14.1 Global carbon cycles and carbon sequestration and storage in forest ecosystems299
- 14.2 Stocks and flows of carbon302
- 14.3 Strategies for carbon sequestration and pool304
- Chapter 15. Maintenance of the health and vitality of forest ecosystems309
- 15.1 Decline of forests caused by multiple factors310
- 15.2 Classification of the causes of decline and damage311
- 15.3 Individual factors causing forest damage and protection measures311
- 15.4 Managing forest decline and damage324
- Chapter 16. Summary and Conclusion327
- References337
- Index373
Recognizing the increased interest in forest management world wide, this book addresses the current knowledge gap by defining sustainable forest management, clarifying methods by which ecological knowledge can be applied and how traditional silvicultural methods can be improved.
Sustainable forest management involves the enhancement of various aspects of forest functions such as conservation of biodiversity, conservation of soil and water resources, contribution to the global carbon cycle as well as wood production. To establish ecological and silvicultural theories to enhance these functions harmoniously, recognizing the relationship between stand structures and their functions is essential.
This volume presents target stand structures for aimed forest functions in relation to stand development stages, as well as ecological and silvicultural methods to lead and maintain them. Ecological and silvicultural strategies are discussed, both on stand and landscape levels, and from local to international levels in temperate and boreal forest zones.