Elsevier S & T

Electrochemical Sensor Analysis

Alegret, Salvador; Merkoci, Arben

In stock

No reviews

144.250 KD inc. VAT

License

perpetual

Table of contents

Cover
Contributors to Volume 49vii
Volumes in the Seriesxix
Contentsxxiii
Editors’ Prefacexlix
Series Editors’ Prefaceliii
Part 1: Fundamentals Andapplications1
Potentiometric Sensors3
Chapter 1. Clinical analysis of blood gases and electrolytes by ion-selective sensors5
1.1. Introduction5
1.2. General Characteristics of Clinical Analysis of Electrolytes and Gases6
1.3. Electrochemical Measurement in Clinical Analysis10
1.4. Application of Sensors from the Producer’s Point of View12
1.5. Sensors Used in Routine Clinical Measurements: A Brief Overview14
1.6. Application of Sensors: The User’s Point of View18
1.7. The Prospects for use of New ion or Gas-Selective Sensors21
1.8. Conclusions21
Acknowledgments22
References22
Chapter 2. Ion-selective electrodes in trace level analysis of heavy metals: Potentiometry for the X25
2.1. Introduction: Historical Milestones25
2.2. Potentiometry and its Place Among Analytical Techniques26
2.3. The State-of-the-Art of Potentiometric Sensors28
2.4. Polymeric Membrane ISEs with Liquid Inner Contact30
2.5. Polymeric Membrane ISEs with Solid Inner Contact43
2.6. Ion-Selective Electrodes in Trace Level Analysis45
2.7. Future Directions47
Acknowledgment49
References49
Chapter 3. Enantioselective, potentiometric membrane electrodes: design, mechanism of potential deve53
3.1. Overview53
3.2. Potential Development for EPME54
3.3. Design of EPME57
3.4. Application of EPMEs in Enantioanalysis59
3.5. Conclusions68
References69
Chapter 4. Ion sensors with conducting polymers as ion-to-electron transducers73
4.1. Introduction73
4.2. Application77
4.3. Conclusions81
Acknowledgments81
References82
Chapter 5. Light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS): recent trends and applications87
5.1. Introduction87
5.2. Theoretical Background88
5.3. Applications of LAPS96
5.4. Conclusions115
References117
Voltammetric (Bio)Sensors129
Chapter 6. Stripping-based electrochemical metal sensors for environmental monitoring131
6.1. Introduction131
6.2. Principles132
6.3. Working Electrodes for Stripping Analysis: From Mercury Electrodes to Disposable Strips135
6.4. Bismuth-Based Metal Sensors136
6.5. In situ Metal Sensors138
6.6. Remote Metal Sensors138
6.7. Conclusions139
Acknowledgments140
References140
Chapter 7. Graphite-epoxy electrodes for stripping analysis143
7.1. Introduction143
7.2. Construction and Surface Characterization of Composite Electrodes146
7.3. Stripping Analysis with Non-Modified Composites148
7.4. Stripping Analysis with Graphite-Epoxy Electrodes Modified with Bismuth Nitrate154
7.5. Conclusions158
Acknowledgments159
References159
Chapter 8. Voltammetric sensors for the determination of antioxidant properties in dermatology and c163
8.1. Voltammetric Methods163
8.2. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Systems: A Rapid Survey166
8.3. Electrochemistry for the Study of Skin and Cosmetics Antioxidant Properties169
8.4. Conclusions179
References179
Chapter 9. Sensoristic approach to the evaluation of integral environmental toxicity181
9.1. Biosensors of Integral Toxicity181
9.2. Photosensors of Environmental Permanence183
9.3. Biosensors for the Determination of Radicals184
References187
Chapter 10. Peptide-modified electrodes for detecting metal ions189
10.1. Introduction189
10.2. Application195
10.3. Conclusions207
Acknowledgments208
References208
Chapter 11. Reproducible electrochemical analysis of phenolic compounds by high-pressure liquid chro211
11.1. Introduction211
11.2. Applications214
11.3. Conclusions228
References229
Gas Sensors233
Chapter 12. Chemical sensors for mercury vapour235
12.1. Introduction235
12.2 Mercury–Gold Interaction236
12.3. Transducers for Mercury Sensors Based on thin Gold Layers238
12.4. Selectivity Improvement242
12.5. Calibration245
12.6. Conclusion248
Acknowledgment249
References249
Enzyme Based Sensors253
Chapter 13. Application of electrochemical enzyme biosensors for food quality control255
13.1. Introduction255
13.2. Food Quality Control255
13.3. Process Control Applications288
13.4. Conclusions and Some Remarks from the Commercial Point of View288
References289
Chapter 14. Electrochemical biosensors for heavy metals based on enzyme inhibition299
14.1. Introduction299
14.2. Parameters Affecting the Enzyme Inhibition System301
14.3. Analytical Characterization of Biosensors-Based Enzyme Inhibition302
14.4. Conclusions306
14.5. Future Perspectives307
References307
Chapter 15. Ultra-sensitive determination of pesticides via cholinesterase-based sensors for environ311
15.1. Introduction311
15.2. Application314
15.3. Conclusions326
References327
Chapter 16. Amperometric enzyme sensors for the detection of cyanobacterial toxins in environmental331
16.1. Introduction331
16.2. Application338
16.3. Conclusions346
Acknowledgments347
References347
Chapter 17. Electrochemical biosensors based on vegetable tissues and crude extracts for environment357
17.1. Introduction357
17.2. Application366
17.3. Conclusions374
Acknowledgments374
References374
Affinity Biosensors379
Chapter 18. Immunosensors for clinical and environmental applications based on electropolymerized fi381
18.1. Introduction381
18.2. Immobilization Techniques384
18.3. Detection Techniques for Immobilized Analytes392
18.4. Conclusion399
References399
Chapter 19. Genosensor technology for electrochemical sensing of nucleic acids by using different tr403
19.1. Introduction403
19.2. Applications of Electrochemical Genosensor Technologies404
19.3. Conclusion408
Acknowledgments409
References409
Chapter 20. DNA-electrochemical biosensors for investigating DNA damage413
20.1. Introduction413
20.2. AFM Images of DNA-Electrochemical Biosensors414
20.3. DNA-Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of DNA Damage417
20.4. DNA Damage Produced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)418
20.5. Conclusion432
References433
Chapter 21. Electrochemical genosensing of food pathogens based on graphite-epoxy composite439
21.1. Introduction439
21.2. DNA Electrochemical Biosensors444
21.3. Conclusions459
Acknowledgments461
References461
Chapter 22. Electrochemical immunosensing of food residues by affinity biosensors and magneto sensor467
22.1. Introduction467
22.2. Electrochemical Biosensing of Food Residues Based on Universal Affinity Biocomposite Platforms479
22.3. Electrochemical Biosensing of Food Residues Based on Magnetic Beads and M-GEC Electrochemical484
22.4. Conclusions487
Acknowledgments489
References489
Thick and Thin Film Biosensors495
Chapter 23. Screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors in biomedical, environmental and industrial497
23.1. Introduction497
23.2. Biomedical499
23.3. Environmental521
23.4. Conclusions541
Acknowledgments542
References542
Chapter 24. Mediated enzyme screen-printed electrode probes for clinical, environmental and food ana559
24.1. Introduction559
24.2. Application563
24.3. Conclusions578
References580
Chapter 25. Coupling of screen-printed electrodes and magnetic beads for rapid and sensitive immunod585
25.1. Introduction585
25.2. Application590
25.3. Conclusions599
Acknowledgment599
References599
Chapter 26. Thick- and thin-film DNA sensors603
26.1. Introduction603
26.2. Applications620
26.3. Conclusions636
References637
Chapter 27. Screen-printed enzyme-free electrochemical sensors for clinical and food analysis643
27.1. Introduction and Application643
27.2. Conclusion662
Acknowledgment664
References664
Chapter 28. Analysis of meat, wool and milk for glucose, lactate and organo-phosphates at industrial667
28.1. Introduction667
28.2. Electrochemical Biosensors for Milk, Meat and Wool671
28.3. Testing Biosensors: Brief Comments on Experimental Design and Statistics680
28.4. Conclusion681
Disclaimer682
References682
Chapter 29. Rapid detection of organophosphates, Ochratoxin A, and Fusarium sp. in durum wheat via s687
29.1. Introduction687
29.2. Application698
29.3. Conclusions714
Acknowledgments715
References715
Novel Trends719
Chapter 30. Potentiometric electronic tongues applied in ion multidetermination721
30.1. Introduction721
30.2. Application736
30.3. Conclusions747
Acknowledgments749
References749
Chapter 31. Electrochemical sensors for food authentication755
31.1. Introduction755
31.2. Application761
31.3. Conclusions769
References769
Chapter 32. From microelectrodes to nanoelectrodes771
32.1. Introduction771
32.2. Application781
32.3. Conclusions793
References794
Chapter 33. DNA/RNA aptamers: novel recognition structures in biosensing801
33.1. Introduction801
33.2. Applications of Aptamers in Biosensing807
33.3. Conclusions822
Acknowledgments822
References823
Chapter 34. Miniaturised devices: electrochemical capillary electrophoresis microchips for clinical827
34.1. Introduction827
34.2. Applications843
34.3. Conclusions860
Acknowledgments860
References860
Chapter 35. Microchip electrophoresis/electrochemistry systems for analysis of nitroaromatic explosi873
35.1. Introduction873
35.2. Applications of Microfluidic Devices for Monitoring of Nitrated Organic Explosives878
35.3. Conclusion882
Abbreviations882
Acknowledgments883
References883
Chapter 36. Microfluidic-based electrochemical platform for rapid immunological analysis in small vo885
36.1. Introduction885
36.2. Polymer Microfluidic-Based ELISAS with Electrochemical Detection890
36.3. IMMUSOFT’: A Program for Computer-Driven Microfluidic Assays894
36.4. Performances Exemplified with the Immunoassay of Alkaline Phosphatase901
36.5. Conclusion and Perspectives904
References904
Chapter 37. Scanning electrochemical microscopy in biosensor research907
37.1. Introduction907
37.2. Application of SECM in Chemical and Biochemical Sensor Research915
37.3. Conclusion932
Acknowledgments933
References934
Chapter 38. Gold nanoparticles in DNA and protein analysis941
38.1. Introduction941
38.2. DNA Analysis944
38.3. Proteins Analysis951
38.4. Conclusions955
Acknowledgements956
References956
Subject Index959
Part 2: Procedures975
Potentiometric Sensors977
Procedure 1. Measurement of ionized Mg2+ in human blood by ion-selective electrode in automatic bloo979
1.1. Objectives979
1.2. Materials and Instruments979
1.3. Sensor Calibration981
1.4. Sensor Linearity981
1.5. Ionic Interferences on the Ionized Magnesium Result982
1.6. Performance of the Method983
1.7. Discussion984
Selected Literature985
Procedure 2. Determination of cesium in natural waters using polymer-based ion-selective electrodes987
2.1. Objectives987
2.2. Materials and Instruments987
2.3. Sensor Preparation and Sample Treatment988
2.4. Sensor Calibration and Sample Analysis990
2.5. Discussion990
Selected Literature994
Procedure 3. Enantioanalysis of S-captopril using an enantioselective, potentiometric membrane elect995
3.1. Objectives995
3.2. Materials and Instruments995
3.3. Electrode Design996
3.4. Recommended Procedures: Direct Potentiometry996
3.5. Discussion997
Selected Literature997
Procedure 4. Determination of Ca(II) in wood pulp using a calcium-selective electrode with poly(3,4-999
4.1. Objectives999
4.2. Materials and Instruments999
4.3. Sensor Preparation1000
4.4. Sensor Calibration1001
4.5. Analysis of the Samples1001
4.6. Discussion1002
Selected Literature1002
Procedure 5. Titration of trimeprazine base with tartaric acid in isopropanol solution using polyani1003
5.1. Objectives1003
5.2. Materials and Instruments1003
5.3. Sensor Preparation1003
5.4. Sensor Calibration1004
5.5. Analysis of the Samples1005
5.6. Discussion1006
Selected Literature1007
Procedure 6. Determination of cadmium concentration and pH value in aqueous solutions by means of a1009
6.1. Objectives1009
6.2. Materials and Instrumentation1009
6.3. Laps Set-Up1010
6.4. Determination of the Cadmium-Ion Concentration and the pH Value1014
6.5. Discussion1016
Selected Literature1018
Voltammetric Sensors1019
Procedure 7. Determination of lead and cadmium in tap water and soils by stripping analysis using me1021
7.1. Objectives1021
7.2. Materials and Instruments1021
7.3. Construction of the Graphite–Epoxy Composite Electrodes1022
7.4. Stripping Analysis of Standard Solutions1023
7.5. Analysis of Lead and Cadmium in Real Samples1023
7.6. Discussion1025
Selected Literature1025
Further Reading1026
Procedure 8. Direct electrochemical measurement on skin surface using microelectrodes1027
8.1. Objectives1027
8.2. Materials and Instruments1027
8.3. Microelectrode Fabrication1028
8.4. Microelectrode Characterization1028
8.5. Skin Analysis1030
8.6. Discussions1030
Selected Literature1032
Procedure 9. Direct electrochemical measurements in dermo-cosmetic creams1033
9.1. Objectives1033
9.2. Materials and Instruments1033
9.3. Direct Electrochemical Measurements Performed in Dermo-Cosmetic Creams1034
9.4. Validation of the Protocol Measurements1036
Selected Literature1040
Appendix A: Composition of Commercial Dermo-Cosmetic Creams1040
Procedure 10. Biosensor for integral toxicity1043
10.1. Objectives1043
10.2. Materials and Apparatus1043
10.3. Cell Immobilization1043
10.4. Method1044
10.5. Application and Discussion1045
Selected Literature1047
Procedure 11. Photosensor of environmental permanence1049
11.1. Objectives1049
11.2. Materials and Apparatus1049
11.3. Method1050
11.4. Application and Discussion1051
Selected Literature1051
Procedure 12. Biosensors for the determination of radicals1053
12.1. Objectives1053
12.2. Materials and Apparatus1053
12.3. Biosensor Assembly1053
12.4. Method1054
12.5. Application and Discussion1055
Selected Literature1055
Procedure 13. The determination of metal ions using peptide-modified electrodes1057
13.1. Objectives1057
13.2. Materials and Instruments1057
13.3. Construction of the Gold Disk Working Electrode1058
13.4. Construction of the Peptide-Modified Electrode1059
13.5. Analysis of Metal Ions Using the Peptide-Modified Electrode1060
13.6. Interference of Metal Ions1062
13.7. Analysis of Copper Samples Using the Peptide-Modified Electrode1063
13.8. Discussion1065
Selected Literature1065
Continuous Monitoring1067
Procedure 14. Deposition of boron-doped diamond films and their anodic treatment for the oxygen-term1069
14.1. Objectives1069
14.2. Materials and Instruments1069
14.3. Preparation of Oxygen-Terminated Diamond Electrodes1071
14.4. Electrochemical Properties of Oxygen-Terminated Diamond Electrodes1072
14.5. Discussion1072
Selected Literature1075
Gas Sensors1077
Procedure 15. Chemoresistor for determination of mercury vapor1079
15.1. Objectives1079
15.2. Materials and Instruments1079
15.3. Sensor Preparation1080
15.4. Calibration1081
15.5. Sensor Properties1082
Selected Literature1083
Enzyme Electrodes1085
Procedure 16. Determination of gluconic acid in honey samples using an integrated electrochemical bi1087
16.1. Objectives1087
16.2. Materials and Instruments1087
16.3. Construction of the Biosensor1088
16.4. Gluconic Acid Determination in Standard Solutions by Batch Amperometry using the Biosensor1088
16.5. Analysis of Gluconic Acid in Honey Samples1088
16.6. Discussion1089
Selected Literature1091
Procedure 17. Preparation of Prussian blue-modified screen-printed electrodes via a chemical deposit1093
17.1. Objectives1093
17.2. Materials and Instruments1093
17.3. Sensor Preparation1094
17.4. Discussion1096
Selected Literature1098
Procedure 18. Electrochemical sensor array for the evaluation of astringency in different tea sample1099
18.1. Objectives1099
18.2. Materials and Instruments1099
18.3. Construction of the Array of Sensors1100
18.4. Samples Preparation1100
18.5. Amperometric Analysis1101
18.6. Sensorial Panel Training and Analysis1101
18.7. Multivariate Data Analysis1102
18.8. Discussion1102
18.9. Conclusion1103
Selected Literature1104
Procedure 19. Characterization of the PDO asiago cheese by an electronic nose1105
19.1. Objectives1105
19.2. Materials and Instruments1105
19.3. Electronic Nose Apparatus1105
19.4. Sample Preparation1106
19.5. Analysis of Samples1106
19.6. Sensory Analysis1106
19.7. Discussion1107
19.8. Conclusion1112
Selected Literature1112
Procedure 20. Determination of methyl mercury in fish tissue using electrochemical glucose oxidase b1113
20.1. Objectives1113
20.2. Materials and Instruments1114
20.3. Glucose Oxidase Biosensor Preparation1114
20.4. Biosensor Calibration and Methyl Mercury Determination in Standard Solutions1115
20.5. Determination of Methyl Mercury in Real Fish Samples1121
20.6. Discussion1121
Selected Literature1123
Procedure 21. Protein phosphatase inhibition-based biosensor for amperometric microcystin detection1125
21.1. Objectives1125
21.2. Materials and Instruments1125
21.3. Construction of the PP2A Inhibition-Based Biosensor1126
21.4. Biosensor Calibration with MC-LR Standard Solutions1126
21.5. Analysis of Cyanobacteria Samples1127
21.6. Discussion1128
Acknowledgments1129
Selected Literature1130
Procedure 22. Voltammetric determination of paracetamol in pharmaceuticals using a zucchini (Cucurbi1131
22.1. Objectives1131
22.2. Materials and Instruments1131
22.3. Biosensor Preparation1132
22.4. Analysis of Paracetamol1134
22.5. Discussion1134
Selected Literature1135
Procedure 23. Determination of total phenols in wastewaters using a biosensor based on carbon paste1137
23.1. Objectives1137
23.2. Materials and Instruments1137
23.3. Procedures1138
23.4. Discussion1139
Selected Literature1142
Procedure 24. Construction of an enzyme-containing microelectrode array and use for detection of low1143
24.1. Objectives1143
24.2. Materials and Instruments1143
24.3. (BIO)Sensor Preparation1144
24.4. (BIO)Sensor Calibration1147
24.5. Discussion1148
Selected Literature1150
Affinity Sensors1151
Procedure 25. PCB analysis using immunosensors based on magnetic beads and carbon screen-printed ele1153
25.1. Objectives1153
25.2. Materials and Instruments1153
25.3. Electrochemical Immunosensor using Magnetic Beads as Solid Phase and Carbon Screen-Printed Ele1154
25.4. Analysis of PCB Mixtures1155
25.5. PCB Analysis in Marine Sediment and Soil Extracts1156
25.6. Discussion1156
Selected Literature1158
Procedure 26. Construction of amperometric immunosensors for the analysis of cholera antitoxin and c1159
26.1. Objectives1159
26.2. Materials and Instruments1159
26.3. Preparation of Amperometric Immunosensors1162
26.4. Amperometric Transduction of the Immunoreaction1162
26.5. Discussion1167
Selected Literature1168
Procedure 27. Electrochemical detection of calf thymus double-stranded DNA and single-stranded DNA b1169
27.1. Objectives1169
27.2. Materials and Instruments1169
27.3. Construction of Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE)1170
27.4. Voltammetric Detection of DNA by using PGE1170
27.5. Electrochemical Detection of Calf Thymus Double-Stranded DNA and Single-Stranded DNA1172
27.6. Discussion1174
Acknowledgments1175
Selected Literature1175
Procedure 28. Atomic force microscopy characterization of a DNA electrochemical biosensor1177
28.1. Objectives1177
28.2. Materials and Instruments1177
28.3. DNA Electrochemical Biosensors Preparation1178
28.4. Atomic Force Microscopy Experimental Conditions1178
28.5. Discussion1179
Selected Literature1179
Procedure 29. Electrochemical sensing of DNA damage by ROS and RNS produced by redox activation of q1181
29.1. Objectives1181
29.2. Materials and Instruments1181
29.3. Construction of DNA-Biosensors1182
29.4. Electrical Transduction of DNA Damage1183
29.5. Acquisition and Presentation of Voltammetric Data1183
29.6. Quercetin–dsDNA Interaction1183
29.7 Adriamycin–dsDNA Interaction1184
29.8 DETA/NO–dsDNA Interaction1184
29.9. Discussion1184
Selected Literature1185
Procedure 30. Electrochemical determination of Salmonella spp. based on GEC electrodes1187
30.1. Objectives1187
30.2. Materials and Instruments1187
30.3. Chemicals and Biochemicals1187
30.4. Construction of the GEC Electrode1188
30.5. Amplification of the Salmonella Genome1189
30.6. Electrochemical Determination of Salmonella spp. Based on GEC1191
References1193
Procedure 31. Rapid electrochemical verification of PCR amplification of Salmonella spp. based on m-1195
31.1. Objectives1195
31.2. Materials and Instruments1195
31.3. Chemicals and Biochemicals1196
31.4. Construction of the m-Gec Electrode1196
31.5. Amplification of the Salmonella Genome1198
31.6. Rapid Electrochemical Verification of PCR Amplification of Salmonella SPP1198
References1200
Procedure 32. In situ DNA amplification of Salmonella spp. with magnetic primers for the real-time e1201
32.1. Objectives1201
32.2. Materials and Instruments1201
32.3. Chemicals and Biochemicals1202
32.4. Construction of the m-GEC Electrode1202
32.5. In situ Salmonella Genome Amplification with Magnetic Bead Primers1202
32.6. Rapid Electrochemical Verification of in situ PCR Amplification of Salmonella spp. with Magnet1203
References1205
Procedure 33. Electrochemical determination of atrazine in orange juice and bottled water samples ba1207
33.1. Objectives1207
33.2. Materials and Instruments1207
33.3. Chemicals and Biochemicals1208
33.4. Construction of the ProtA-Geb Electrode1208
33.5. Purification of the Anti-Triazine Antibodies1208
33.6. Electrochemical Determination of Atrazine in Orange Juice1209
References1210
Procedure 34. Electrochemical determination of sulfonamide antibiotics in milk samples using a class1211
34.1. Objectives1211
34.2. Materials and Instruments1211
34.3. Chemicals and Biochemicals1212
34.4. Construction of the m-GEC Electrode1212
34.5. Purification of the Anti-Sulfonamide Class-Specific Antibodies1212
34.6. Antibody Binding to the Magnetic Beads1213
34.7. Electrochemical Determination of Sulfonamide in Milk1213
References1215
Thick and Thin Film Biosensors1217
Procedure 35. Preparation of electrochemical screen-printed immunosensors for progesterone and their1219
35.1. Objectives1219
35.2. Chemicals and Reagents1219
35.3. Preparation of Immunosensors1220
35.4. Determination of Progesterone in Milk1221
35.5. Discussion1223
Selected Literature1224
Procedure 36. Genosensor on gold thin-films with enzymatic electrochemical detection of a SARS virus1225
36.1. Objectives1225
36.2. Materials and Instruments1225
36.3. Genosensor Construction1227
36.4. Hybridisation Assay and Recording of the Analytical Signal1228
36.5. Discussion1228
Selected Literature1230
Procedure 37. Genosensor on streptavidin-modified thick-film carbon electrodes for TNFRSF21 PCR prod1231
37.1. Objectives1231
37.2. Materials and Instruments1231
37.3. Genosensor Construction1233
37.4. PCR Samples Preparation1233
37.5. Hybridisation Assay and Recording of the Analytical Signal1235
37.6. Discussion1235
Selected Literature1238
Procedure 38. Electrochemical immunosensor for diagnosis of the forest-spring encephalitis1239
38.1. Objectives1239
38.2. Materials and Instruments1239
38.3. Immunosensor Preparation1240
38.4. Biosensor Calibration1241
38.5. Sample Analysis1241
38.6. Discussion1243
Selected Literature1243
Procedure 39. Non-enzymatic urea sensor1245
39.1. Objectives1245
39.2. Materials and Instruments1245
39.3. Sensor Preparation1246
39.4. Sensor Calibration1246
39.5. Sample Analysis1247
39.6. Discussion1249
Procedure 40. Potentiometric determination of antioxidant activity of food and herbal extracts1251
40.1. Objectives1251
40.2. Materials and Instruments1251
40.3. Sensor Preparation1251
40.4. Sensor Calibration (Once A Day)1252
40.5. Sample Analysis1253
40.6. Discussion1254
Selected Literature1257
Procedure 41. Convenient and rapid detection of cholinesterase inhibition by pesticides extracted fr1259
41.1. Objectives1259
41.2. Materials and Instruments1259
41.3. Construction of SPCES1260
41.4. Extraction of Pesticides from Wool1264
41.5. Electrochemical Detection of Pesticides in wool Extracts1265
41.6. Discussion1266
Selected Literature1267
Procedure 42. Detection of dichlorvos in durum wheat1269
42.1. Objectives1269
42.2. Materials and Instruments1269
42.3. Biosensor Preparation1270
42.4. Biosensor Calibration1270
42.5. Analysis of the Samples1271
42.6. Discussion1272
Selected Literature1272
Procedure 43. Detection of pirimiphos-methyl in durum wheat1273
43.1. Objectives1273
43.2. Materials and Instruments1273
43.3. Biosensor Preparation1273
43.4. Biosensor Calibration1274
43.5. Analysis of the Samples1275
43.6. Discussion1276
Selected Literature1276
Procedure 44. Detection of Fusarium sp. via electrochemical sensing1277
44.1. Objectives1277
44.2. Materials and Instruments1277
44.3. Genosensor Preparation1278
44.4. Electrochemical Detection1278
44.5. Analysis of the PCR Products1279
44.6. Discussion1281
Selected Literature1281
Novel Trends1283
Procedure 45. An electronic tongue made of coated wire potentiometric sensors for the determination1285
45.1. Objectives1285
45.2. Materials and Instruments1285
45.3. Preparation of the Three Coated-Wire Sensors1286
45.4. Sensor Calibration1287
45.5. Obtained Results1297
45.6. Discussion1298
Selected Literature1303
Procedure 46. Determination of gold by anodic stripping voltammetry in tap water1305
46.1. Objectives1305
46.2. Materials and Instrumentation1305
46.3. Construction and Pretreatment of CFME1305
46.4. Stripping Analysis1306
46.4. Calibration1306
46.6. Discussion1306
Selected Literature1308
Procedure 47. Detection of the aptamer–protein interaction using electrochemical indicators1309
47.1. Objectives1309
47.2. Materials and Instruments1309
47.3. Controlling the Steps of Sensor Preparation1311
47.4. Calibration of the Sensor in Standard Solution1311
47.5. Determination of Dissociation Constant1313
47.6. Sensor Regeneration1314
Acknowledgments1315
Selected Literature1316
Procedure 48. Separation and amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide and l-„ascorbic acid usin1317
48.1. Objectives1317
48.2. Materials and Instrumentation1317
48.3. Design of the Amperometric Detector1319
48.4. Electrophoresis Procedure1319
48.5. Microchip Performance1320
48.6. Discussion1322
Selected Literature1323
Procedure 49. Analysis of nitroaromatic explosives with microchip electrophoresis using a graphite??1325
49.1. Objectives1325
49.2. Material and Instruments1325
49.3. Construction1326
49.4. Electrophoresis Procedure1327
49.5. Safety Considerations1328
Selected Literature1329
Procedure 50. Determination of sub-pM concentration of human interleukin-„1B by microchip ELISA wi1331
50.1. Objectives1331
50.2. Materials and Instruments1331
50.3. Immunoassay Protocol1332
50.4. Data Treatment1336
50.5. Discussion1336
Procedure 51. Kinetic analysis of titanium nitride thin films by scanning electrochemical microscopy1337
51.1. Objectives1337
51.2. Materials and Instruments1337
51.3. Finding the Distance offset of the Measurements1338
51.4. Approach Curve to Titanium Nitride thin Film1340
51.5. Discussion1342
Procedure 52. Analysis of the activity of b&!beta;-„galactosidase from E. Coli by scanning ele1345
52.1. Objectives1345
52.2. Materials and Instruments1345
52.3. Modification of Magnetic Microbeads1346
52.4. Formation of Microbead Microspots1346
52.5. Analysis of the Working Solution1347
52.6. Discussion1350
Procedure 53. DNA analysis by using gold nanoparticle as labels1355
53.1. Objectives1355
53.2. Materials and Instruments1355
53.3. Construction of the M-GECE1356
53.4. Electrochemical Detection of the Hybridization of DNA Strand Related to BRCA1 Breast Cancer Ge1358
53.5. Electrochemical Detection1358
53.6. Electrochemical Detection of the Hybridization of DNA Strand Related to Cystic Fibrosis Gene,1359
53.7. Discussion1360
Selected Literature1362

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780444530530
ISBN-13 9780080560694
Author Alegret, Salvador; Merkoci, Arben
Category Science
Subject Analytic

Do you have questions about this book?

Ask an expert!

Electrochemical Sensor Analysis (ECSA) presents the recent advances in electrochemical (bio)sensors and their practical applications in real clinical, environment, food and industry related samples, as well as in the safety and security arena. In a single source, it covers the entire field of electrochemical (bio)sensor designs and characterizations.
The 38 chapters are grouped in seven sections: 1) Potentiometric sensors, 2) Voltammetric sensors, 3) Electrochemical gas sensors 4) Enzyme-based sensors 5) Affinity biosensors 6) Thick and thin film biosensors and 7) Novel trends. Written by experts working in the diverse technological and scientific fields related to electrochemical sensors, each section provides an overview of a specific class of electrochemical sensors and their applications.
An accompanying CD-ROM contains 53 related analytical protocols detailing the steps required for practical applications and some design-related issues. Each protocol first describes the objectives of the procedure, followed by a detailed list of all the required materials, reagents, and solutions. The steps to prepare the (bio)sensor including its calibration, measurement sequences followed by sample treatment (if applied) and analysis are described in detail. Each procedure ends with some brief discussions of the typical results expected as well as with selected recommended literature.
This interdisciplinary text will be useful for researchers and professionals alike.

* Covers applications and problem solving (sensitivity, interferences) in real sample analysis
* Details procedures to construct and characterize electrochemical (bio)sensors

Instant delivery by email
Your access email arrives within minutes of checkout, with a sign-in link for each book — no shipping, no waiting.

Read on any device
Books open in VitalSource Bookshelf on your phone, tablet, or computer, online or offline. Your library is always available at aafaq.vitalsource.com — just log in with the email you used at checkout.

Lost the email?
Resend it to yourself in seconds from My eBook orders, or email cs@aafaqeducation.com and we'll help.