Elements of Polymer Science & Engineering: An Introductory Text and Reference for Engineers and Chemists
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsvii
- Prefacexv
- Chapter 1. Introductory Concepts and Definitions1
- 1.1 Some Definitions1
- 1.2 Degree of Polymerization6
- 1.3 Polymerization and Functionality7
- 1.4 Why Are Synthetic Polymers Useful?12
- 1.5 Copolymers16
- 1.6 Molecular Architecture20
- 1.7 Thermoplastics and Thermosets23
- 1.8 Elastorncrs, Fibers, and Plastics24
- 1.9 Miscellaneous Terms27
- 1.10 Polymer Nomenclature28
- Problems34
- References39
- Chapter 2. Basic Principles of Polymer Molecular Weights41
- 2.1 Importance of Molecular Weight Control41
- 2.2 Plan of This Chapter42
- 2.3 Arithmetic Mean43
- 2.4 Molecular Weight Averages as Ratios of Moments47
- 2.5 Breadth of the Distribution53
- 2.6 Summarizing the Molecular Weight Distribution56
- 2.7 Mz >= Mw >= Mn57
- 2.8 Integral and Summative Expressions57
- 2.9 Direct Measurements of Average Molecular Weights58
- 2.10 Colligative Properties and Mn60
- 2.11 Virial Equations65
- 2.12 Virial Coefficients66
- Problems69
- Reference71
- Chapter 3. Practical Aspects of Molecular Weight Measurements73
- 3.1 Mn Methods73
- 3.2 Light Scattering80
- 3.3 Dilute Solution Viscometry90
- 3.4 Size Exclusion Chromatography103
- Problems115
- Reference119
- Chapter 4. Effects of Polymer Isomerism and Conformational Changes121
- 4.1 Constitutional Isomerism121
- 4.2 Conligurational Isomerism126
- 4.3 Polymer Conformation132
- 4.4 Molecular Dimensions in the Amorphous State135
- 4.5 Rubber Elasticity141
- 4.6 Rodlike Macrontoleculcs150
- Problems151
- Reference153
- Chapter 5. Step-Growth Polymerizations155
- 5.1 Condensation and Addition Polymers155
- 5.2 Step-Growth and Chain-Growth Polynicrizations158
- 5.3 Requirents for Step-Growth Polyinerization161
- 5.4 Polymer Size and Extent of Conversion of Functional Groups in Equilibrium Step-Growth Polymeriza166
- 5.5 Interfacial and Solution Polymerizations of Acid Chlorides and Other Reactive Monomers182
- 5.6 Step-Growth Copolymerizations184
- Problems185
- Reference188
- Chapter 6. Free-Radical Polymerization189
- 6.1 Scope189
- 6.2 Polymerizability of Monomers190
- 6.3 Overall Kinetics of Radical Polymerization192
- 6.4 A Note on Termination Rate Constants198
- 6.5 Methods of Producing Radicals199
- 6.6 Length of the Kinetic Chain and Number Average Degree of Polymerization of the Polymer206
- 6.7 Modes of Termination207
- 6.8 Chain Transfer208
- 6.9 Inhibition and Retardation219
- 6.10 Readily Observable Features of Free-Radical Polymerizations221
- 6.11 Radical Lifetimes and Concentrations222
- 6.12 Determination of kp and kt224
- 6.13 Deviations from Ideal Kinetics224
- 6.14 Molecular Weight Distribution227
- 6.15 Free-Radical Techniques for Polymers with Narrower Molecular Weight Distributions231
- 6.16 Effects of Temperature232
- 6.17 Free-Radical Polymerization Processes236
- Problems236
- Reference239
- Chapter 7. Copolymerization241
- 7.1 Chain-Growth Copolymerization241
- 7.2 Simple Copolymer Equation242
- 7.3 Copolymer Structure Inferences from Feactivity Ratios245
- 7.4 Azeotropic Compositions249
- 7.5 Integrated Binary Copolymer Equation250
- 7.6 Determination or Reactivity Ratios253
- 7.7 Multicomponent Copolyinerizations257
- 7.8 Sequence Distribution in Copolymers258
- 7.9 Gel Forination During Copolytnerization and Cross-Linking260
- 7.10 Kcactivities of lladicals and Monomers263
- 7.11 Analysis of Reactivity Data266
- 7.12 Effect of Rcaction Conditions268
- 7.13 Rates of Free-Radical Copolymerizations271
- 7.14 Alternative Copolymerization Models272
- Problems273
- Reference276
- Chapter 8. Dispersion and Emulsion Polymerizations277
- 8.1 Dispersion Polymerization278
- 8.2 Emulsion Polymerization281
- 8.3 Other Ingredients in Emulsion Recipes296
- 8.4 Emulsion Polymerization Processes297
- Problems298
- Referece298
- Chapter 9. Ionic and Coordinated Polymerizations301
- 9.1 Comparison of Ionic and Free-Radical Polymerizations301
- 9.2 Anionic Polymerization303
- 9.3 Group Transfer Polymerization318
- 9.4 Cationic Polymerization320
- 9.5 Coordination Polymerization333
- 9.6 Olefin Metathesis Catalysts344
- Problems346
- Reference347
- Chapter 10. Polymer Reaction Engineering349
- 10.1 Scope349
- 10.2 Step-Growth Polymerizations349
- 10.3 Chain-Growth Polymerizations353
- 10.4 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Polymerization Processes354
- 10.5 Batch, Semibatch, and Continuous Processes365
- 10.6 Polymerization Reactors366
- Problems374
- Reference376
- Chapter 11. Mechanical Properties of Polymer Solids and Liquids377
- 11.1 Introduction377
- 11.2 Thermal Transitions378
- 11.3 Crystallization of Polymers382
- 11.4 The Glass Transition394
- 11.5 Polymer Viscoelasticity403
- 11.6 Dynamic Mechanical Behavior at Thermal Transitions416
- 11.7 Stress–Strain Tests419
- 11.8 Crazing in Glassy Polymers423
- 11.9 Fracture Mechanics426
- 11.10 Toughness and Brittleness429
- 11.11 Rheology432
- 11.12 Effects of Fabrication Processes440
- Problems441
- Reference443
- Chapter 12. Polymer Mixtures445
- 12.1 Compatibility445
- 12.2 Thermodynamic Theories446
- 12.3 Solvents and Plasticizers460
- 12.4 Fractionation462
- 12.5 Practical Aspects of Polymer Blending464
- 12.6 Reinforced Elastomers477
- 12.7 Reinforced Plastics478
- Problems481
- Reference482
- Appendix A. Conversion of Units485
- Appendix B. List of Symbols487
- Index497
Tremendous developments in the field of polymer science, its growing importance, and an increase in the number of polymer science courses in both physics and chemistry departments have led to the revision of the First Edition. This new edition addresses subjects as spectroscopy (NMR), dynamic light scattering, and other modern techniques unknown before the publication of the First Edition. The Second Edition focuses on both theory (physics and chemistry) and engineering applications which make it useful for chemistry, physics, and chemical engineering departments.
Key Features
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