Elsevier S & T

Emission Tomography: The Fundamentals of PET and SPECT

Wernick, Miles N.; Aarsvold, John N.

In stock

No reviews

57.500 KD inc. VAT

License

perpetual

Table of contents

Front CoverCover
Contentsv
Contributorsxiii
Forewordxv
Prefacexvii
Acknowledgementsxix
Chapter 1. Imaging Science Bringing the Invisible to Light1
I. Preamble1
II. Introduction1
III. Imaging Science3
IV. Fundamental and Generic Issues of Imaging Science5
V. Methodology and Epistemology8
VI. A View of the Future8
Chapter 2. Introduction to Emission Tomography11
I. What is Emission Tomography?11
II. The Making of an Emission Tomography Image13
III. Types of Data Acquisition: Static, Dynamic, Gated, and List Mode20
IV. Cross-Sectional Images21
V. Radiopharmaceuticals and Their Applications21
VI. Developments in Emission Tomography22
Chapter 3. Evolution of Clinical Emission Tomography25
I. Introduction25
II. The Beginnings of Nuclear Medicine25
III. Early Imaging Devices26
IV. Evolution of Emission Tomography and Initial Applications31
V. Clinical Applications38
VI. Summary49
Chapter 4. Basic Physics of Radioisotope Imaging53
I. Where Do the Nuclear Emissions Used in Imaging Come From?53
II. Relevant Modes of Nuclear Decay for Medical Radionuclide Imaging57
III. Production of Radionuclides for Imaging60
IV. Interactions of Nuclear Emissions in Matter64
V. Exploiting Radiation Interactions in Matter for Emission Imaging75
VI. Physical Factors That Determine the Fundamental Spatial Resolution Limit in Nuclear Emission Ima83
Chapter 5. Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging the Brain89
I. Introduction89
II. Biochemical Processes in the Brain90
III. New Radiopharmaceutical Development91
IV. Neuroscience Studies92
V. Applications of Imaging Studies: Dopamine System96
VI. Oncology Studies98
VII. Genomic Studies98
VIII. Summary99
Chapter 6. Basics of Imaging Theory and Statistics103
I. Introduction103
II. Linear Systems104
III. Discrete Sampling107
IV. Noise and Signal114
V. Filtering117
VI. Smoothing119
VII. Estimation121
VIII. Objective Assessment of Image Quality123
Chapter 7. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography127
I. Planar Single-Photon Emission Imaging127
II. Conventional Gamma Cameras130
III. Tomography136
IV. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Systems140
V. Tomographic Single-Photon Emission Imaging145
VI. Other Detectors and Systems147
VII. Summary150
Chapter 8. Collimator Design for Nuclear Medicine153
I. Basic Principles of Collimator Design153
II. Description of the Imaging System and Collimator Geometry154
III. Description of Collimator Imaging Properties156
IV. Septal Penetration160
V. Optimal Design of Parallel-Hole Collimators161
VI. Secondary Constraints164
VII. Summary168
Chapter 9. Annular Single-Crystal SPECT Systems169
I. Overview: Annular Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Systems169
II. Principles and Design of CeraSPECT170
III. Annular SensOgrade Collimators171
IV. Modification of Light Optics in a Scintillation Camera172
V. NeurOtome, A Bridge between Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomo173
VI. MammOspect, an Annular Breast Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Camera175
VII. Small Animal Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Using an Annular Crystal177
VIII. Discussion178
Chapter 10. PET Systems179
I. Basic Positron Emission Tomography Principles179
II. Detector Designs182
III. Tomography System Geometry184
IV. Positron Emission Tomography Scintillators186
V. Positron Emission Tomography System Electronics187
VI. Attenuation Correction188
VII. Scatter Correction190
VIII. Noise Equivalent Count Rate191
IX. Future Trends192
Chapter 11. PET/CT Systems195
I. Introduction195
II. Motivation197
III. Initial Development197
IV. Design198
V. Protocols202
VI. Image Registration and Fusion206
VII. Attenuation Correction206
VIII. Dosimetry209
IX. The Future210
Chapter 12. Small Animal PET Systems213
I. Introduction213
II. Challenges in Small Animal PET215
III. Early Development of Animal PET Scanners217
IV. New Generation Small Animal PET Scanners218
V. Applications of Small Animal PET221
VI. Future Opportunities and Challenges223
VII. Summary225
Chapter 13. Scintillators229
I. Introduction229
II. Gamma-Ray Interactions in Scintillation Crystals229
III. The Characteristics and Physical Properties of Scintillators233
IV. Scintillation Detectors: Design and Fabrication242
V. Measurements with Scintillators246
VI. Summary and Comments253
Chapter 14. Photodetectors255
I. Introduction255
II. Photomultiplier Tubes256
III. Semiconductor Diode Detectors260
IV. PIN Diodes261
V. Avalanche Photodiodes262
VI. Comparison of PMT and APD Properties264
VII. Drift Diodes265
VIII. Direct Detection of Gamma Rays: CdTe and CdZnTe Detectors266
Chapter 15. CdTe and CdZnTe Semiconductor Detectors for Nuclear Medicine Imaging269
I. Introduction270
II. Energy Spectrum Performance274
III. Imaging Performance277
IV. Nuclear Medicine Applications281
V. Conclusion284
Chapter 16. Application-Specific Small Field-of-View Nuclear Emission Imagers in Medicine293
I. Overview of Application-Specific Small Field-of-View Imagers293
II. Scintillation Detector Designs of Small Field-of-View Imagers300
III. Semiconductor Detector Designs of Small Field-of- View Imagers315
IV. Review of Current Designs and Applications for Small Field-of-View Imagers317
Chapter 17. Intraoperative Probes and Imaging Probes335
I. Introduction335
II. Early Intraoperative Probes336
III. Clinical Applications341
IV. The Future.Imaging Probes?344
V. Discussion353
VI. Conclusion353
Chapter 18. Noble Gas Detectors359
I. Why Noble Gas Detectors are Interesting for Medical Gamma-Ray Imaging359
II. Basic Processes of Energy Dissipation and Generation of Light Signals362
III. Earlier Developments of Gas Detectors for Medical Applications366
IV. Luminescence Detectors367
V. Technical Features of Luminescence Detectors373
VI. Applications for Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography375
VII. Concluding Remarks378
Chapter 19. Compton Cameras for Nuclear Medical Imaging383
I. Introduction383
II. Factors Governing System Performance385
III. Analytical Prediction of System Performance390
IV. Image Reconstruction for Compton Cameras397
V. Hardware and Experimental Results403
VI. Future Prospects for Compton Imaging411
VII. Discussion and Summary415
Chapter 20. Analytic Image Reconstruction Methods421
I. Introduction421
II. Data Acquisition422
III. The Central Section Theorem426
IV. Two-Dimensional Image Reconstruction429
V. Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction from X-Ray Projections435
VI. Summary441
Chapter 21. Iterative Image Reconstruction443
I. Introduction443
II. Tomography as a Linear Inverse Problem444
III. Components of an Iterative Reconstruction Method446
IV. Image Reconstruction Criteria446
V. Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms453
VI. Evaluation of Image Quality463
VII. Summary465
VIII. Appendices465
Chapter 22. Attenuation, Scatter, and Spatial Resolution Compensation in SPECT473
I. Review of the Sources of Degradation and Their Impact in SPECT Reconstruction473
II. Nonuniform Attenuation Compensation477
III. Scatter Compensation484
IV. Spatial Resolution Compensation490
V. Conclusion494
Chapter 23. Kinetic Modeling in Positron Emission Tomography499
I. Introduction499
II. The One-Compartment Model: Blood Flow502
III. Positron Emission Tomography Measurement of Regional Cerebral Glucose Use506
IV. Receptor-Ligand Models512
V. Model Simplifications519
VI. Limitations to Absolute Quantification522
VII. Functional Imaging of Neurochemistry„Future Uses527
VIII. A Generalized Implementation of the Model Equations532
Chapter 24. Computer Analysis of Nuclear Cardiology Procedures541
I. Introduction541
II. Advances in Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Instrumentation541
III. Advances in Computer Methods541
IV. Conclusion549
Chapter 25. Simulation Techniques and Phantoms551
I. Introduction551
II. Sampling Techniques552
III. Mathematical Phantoms552
IV. Photon and Electron Simulation554
V. Detector Simulation556
VI. Variance Reduction Methods557
VII. Examples of Monte Carlo Programs for Photon and Electrons559
VIII. Examples of Monte Carlo Applications in Nuclear Medicine Imaging560
IX. Conclusion561
Index565

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780127444826
ISBN-13 9780080521879
Author Wernick, Miles N.; Aarsvold, John N.
Category Medical
Subject Diagnostic Imaging

Do you have questions about this book?

Ask an expert!

PET and SPECT are two of today’s most important medical-imaging methods, providing images that reveal subtle information about physiological processes in humans and animals. Emission Tomography: The Fundamentals of PET and SPECT explains the physics and engineering principles of these important functional-imaging methods. The technology of emission tomography is covered in detail, including historical origins, scientific and mathematical foundations, imaging systems and their components, image reconstruction and analysis, simulation techniques, and clinical and laboratory applications. The book describes the state of the art of emission tomography, including all facets of conventional SPECT and PET, as well as contemporary topics such as iterative image reconstruction, small-animal imaging, and PET/CT systems. This book is intended as a textbook and reference resource for graduate students, researchers, medical physicists, biomedical engineers, and professional engineers and physicists in the medical-imaging industry. Thorough tutorials of fundamental and advanced topics are presented by dozens of the leading researchers in PET and SPECT. SPECT has long been a mainstay of clinical imaging, and PET is now one of the world’s fastest growing medical imaging techniques, owing to its dramatic contributions to cancer imaging and other applications. Emission Tomography: The Fundamentals of PET and SPECT is an essential resource for understanding the technology of SPECT and PET, the most widely used forms of molecular imaging.

*Contains thorough tutorial treatments, coupled with coverage of advanced topics
*Three of the four holders of the prestigious Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medical Imaging Scientist Award are chapter contributors
*Include color artwork

Instant delivery by email
Your access email arrives within minutes of checkout, with a sign-in link for each book — no shipping, no waiting.

Read on any device
Books open in VitalSource Bookshelf on your phone, tablet, or computer, online or offline. Your library is always available at aafaq.vitalsource.com — just log in with the email you used at checkout.

Lost the email?
Resend it to yourself in seconds from My eBook orders, or email cs@aafaqeducation.com and we'll help.