Elsevier S & T

Endocrine Manifestations of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Asherson, Ronald

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Table of contents
  • Cover
  • Prefacev
  • Series Editorvii
  • Volume Editorsix
  • List of Contributorsxi
  • Contentsxv
  • Part I: Pathophysiology1
  • Chapter 1. Neuroendocrine Immune Control Mechanisms and their Influence on Autoimmune Disease3
  • 1. Introduction3
  • 2. Systemic neuroendocrine alterations3
  • 3. Local neuroendocrine alterations in the inflamed synovium7
  • 4. Conclusions10
  • References10
  • Chapter 2. Sex Hormones, the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases13
  • 1. Sex hormones and autoimmune diseases13
  • 2. Peripheral sex hormone metabolism in autoimmune diseases15
  • 3. Immunomodulation by sex hormones16
  • 4. Conclusions17
  • References18
  • Chapter 3. Gender Bias in Murine Lupus*21
  • 1. Introduction21
  • 2. The female sex hormones in the pathogenesis of lupus22
  • 3. Male sex hormones in the pathogenesis of lupus24
  • 4. Gender-associated genetic factors and lupus24
  • 5. Genetic factors and the responsiveness to sex hormones in lupus25
  • 6. Conclusions25
  • References25
  • Chapter 4. Role of Prolactin in Autoimmune Diseases29
  • 1. Introduction29
  • 2. PRL and the neuroendocrine-immune network29
  • 3. Prolactin receptors30
  • 4. PRL and immune system31
  • 5. PRL on Th1/Th2 balance in autoimmune diseases32
  • 6. Prolactin and autoimmune diseases32
  • 7. Hyperprolactinemia in non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases34
  • 8. Other non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases35
  • 9. Hyperprolactinemia in organ-specific autoimmune diseases37
  • References39
  • Chapter 5. The Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes45
  • 1. Introduction45
  • 2. Classification of diabetes45
  • 3. Models for the development of T1D45
  • 4. Immunology of T1D46
  • 5. Markers of the autoimmune process47
  • 6. Stages for diabetes development48
  • 7. Conclusion55
  • References55
  • Chapter 6. The Genetics of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases61
  • 1. Introduction61
  • 2. Epidemiological data61
  • 3. Identifying complex disease genes62
  • 4. Immune-regulatory genes63
  • 5. Thyroid-specific genes66
  • 6. Conclusions67
  • References68
  • Chapter 7. Thyroid Dysfunction and the Immune System75
  • 1. Physiological interactions of thyroid function and the immune system75
  • 2. The thyroid gland as a target of autoimmune disease77
  • References78
  • Part II: Clinical Aspects81
  • Chapter 8. Autoimmunity and the Pituitary Gland83
  • 1. Introduction83
  • 2. Pathophysiology83
  • 3. Anti-pituitary antibodies85
  • 4. Lymphocytic hypophysitis86
  • 5. Conclusions90
  • References91
  • Chapter 9. Adrenal Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases95
  • 1. Introduction95
  • 2. Adrenal involvement in SLE95
  • 3. Adrenal involvement in APS96
  • 4. Adrenal involvement in Sjögren’s syndrome97
  • 5. Adrenal involvement in systemic sclerosis98
  • 6. Adrenal involvement in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica98
  • 7. Adrenal involvement in other autoimmune diseases99
  • References99
  • Chapter 10. Endometriosis and Autoimmunity103
  • 1. Introduction103
  • 2. Etiology and pathogenesis103
  • 3. Immunological abnormalities104
  • 4. Conclusions108
  • References108
  • Chapter 11. Autoimmunity in Turner’s, Down’s, and Klinefelter’s Syndromes113
  • 1. Introduction113
  • 2. Clinical manifestations of Turner’s, Down’s, and Klinefelter’s syndrome114
  • 3. Genetics of chromosomal disorders116
  • 4. Mechanisms of autoimmunity119
  • 5. Autoimmune disease in Turner’s syndrome122
  • 6. Autoimmune disease in Klinefelter’s syndrome123
  • 7. Autoimmune disease in Down’s syndrome124
  • 8. Possible mechanisms for autoimmunity in chromosomal abnormalities126
  • References129
  • Chapter 12. Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes (APS) or Multiple Autoimmune Syndromes (MAS)135
  • 1. Historical considerations in autoimmune disorders of the endocrine glands135
  • 2. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes or multiple autoimmune syndromes135
  • 3. Conclusions144
  • Acknowledgments145
  • References145
  • Chapter 13. Endocrine Manifestations of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome149
  • 1. Introduction149
  • 2. Results149
  • 3. Summary153
  • References153
  • Chapter 14. Autoantibodies and Infertility in Autoimmune Diseases157
  • 1. Introduction157
  • 2. Autoimmune conditions associated with infertility158
  • 3. Autoantibodies associated with infertility161
  • 4. Drugs used for autoimmunity and their effects on fertility163
  • 5. Conclusions166
  • References166
  • Chapter 15. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Endocrine Disorders173
  • 1. Introduction173
  • 2. Thyroid disease173
  • 3. Parathyroid gland175
  • 4. Adrenal gland175
  • 5. Diabetes177
  • 6. Hyperprolactinemia179
  • 7. Hypogonadism/Klinefelter’s syndrome180
  • 8. ADH and SLE181
  • 9. Metabolic profile181
  • 10. Conclusions181
  • References182
  • Chapter 16. Pregnancy, Hormones, and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases185
  • 1. Introduction185
  • 2. Hormones, the immune system, and pregnancy186
  • 3. Systemic lupus erythematosus188
  • 4. Rheumatoid arthritis190
  • 5. Future directions191
  • 6. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome192
  • 7. Future directions194
  • 8. Conclusion194
  • References195
  • Chapter 17. Autoimmune Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism in Systemic Autoimmune Disease199
  • 1. Systemic lupus erythematosus200
  • 2. Sjögren’s syndrome201
  • 3. Rheumatoid arthritis203
  • 4. Scleroderma205
  • 5. Dermato/polymyositis205
  • 6. Antiphospholipid syndrome206
  • 7. Conclusion206
  • References207
  • Chapter 18. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at the Crossroad of Polyautoimmunity211
  • 1. Introduction211
  • 2. T1D is a predictable autoimmune disease212
  • 3. T1D and other autoimmune diseases (ADs)214
  • References218
  • Part III: Hormonal Modulation in the Therapy of Autoimmune Diseases221
  • Chapter 19. Estrogen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Lessons from the SELENA Study223
  • 1. Estrogens in SLE223
  • 2. Menstrual function in SLE223
  • 3. Oral contraceptive use in SLE224
  • 4. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in SLE224
  • 5. Cyclophosphamide in SLE and risk of ovarian failure225
  • 6. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)225
  • 7. Summary225
  • References226
  • Chapter 20. Hormonal Modulation of Autoimmune Diseases: Glucocorticoids229
  • 1. Introduction229
  • 2. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid actions229
  • 3. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in chronic autoimmune diseases231
  • 4. Therapeutic use of glucocorticoids232
  • 5. Adverse events of glucocorticoids234
  • 6. Conclusions237
  • References238
  • Chapter 21. Estrogen and Prolactin: Contributions to Autoimmunity in Murine Models of Systemic Lupus241
  • 1. Effects of estrogen in murine models of lupus241
  • 2. Immunologic imprinting of the fetus242
  • 3. Estrogen receptors in murine lupus242
  • 4. Diet therapy for murine lupus243
  • 5. Hormone manipulation to treat murine’SLE243
  • 6. Effects of prolactin on the immune system243
  • 7. Estrogen-prolactin interactions244
  • 8. Prolactin in murine models of SLE245
  • References245
  • Chapter 22. Dehydroepiandrosterone249
  • 1. Introduction249
  • 2. Conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone to downstream steroid hormones249
  • 3. Dehydroepiandrosterone in inflammation251
  • 4. Role of dehydroepiandrosterone in bone homeostasis253
  • 5. Conclusions253
  • References254
  • Chapter 23. Glucocorticoid Therapy for Polymyalgia Rheumatica257
  • 1. Introduction257
  • 2. Treatment258
  • References261
  • Chapter 24. Danazol Therapy265
  • 1. Danazol in the management of autoimmune diseases265
  • 2. Side effects of danazol therapy270
  • References270
  • Part IV: Novel Therapies273
  • Chapter 25. Islet Transplantation for the Treatment of Type I Diabetes275
  • 1. Historical perspectives on islet transplantation275
  • 2. Current procedures for islet isolation and transplantation276
  • 3. Islets and pancreas transplantation279
  • 4. Immunosuppression282
  • 5. Risks and side effects284
  • 6. Islet graft monitoring286
  • 7. Conclusion288
  • References288
  • Chapter 26. The Immunoendocrine Role of Vitamin D in Autoimmunity293
  • 1. The effect of vitamin D on immune system components293
  • 2. Antigen-presenting cells294
  • 3. Evidence of vitamin D receptor role in’autoimmunity294
  • 4. Vitamin D deficiency and autoimmune diseases295
  • 5. Thyroiditis296
  • 6. Conclusions297
  • References297
  • Chapter 27. Modulation of Hormone Axes by Anti-TNF Therapy301
  • 1. Introduction301
  • 2. The role of tumor necrosis factor in arthritis301
  • 3. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis303
  • 4. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis303
  • 5. Hypothalamic-pituitary-liver-muscle axis305
  • 6. Adipose tissue and hormones of the HPA axis305
  • 7. The nervous system306
  • 8. Conclusions306
  • References307
  • Subject Index309
  • Colour plate331
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780444531728
  • Author Asherson, Ronald
  • Category Medical
  • Subject Endocrinology & Metabolism

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This book is one of the first to evaluate the role of Steroids in autoimmune rheumatic diseases from the basic mechanisms to the clinical involvements and focuses on the importance of steroidal hormones in the pathogenesis and therapeutic management of the autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In particular, the chapters analyze the mechanisms of action and the involvement of adrenal steroids (glucocorticoids) in the neuroendocrine immune system, including effects on the elderly.
The perturbations of the HPA axis as a source of altered steroidal synthesis will be discussed and related to some interesting pathological conditions that commonly complicate the autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as psychosis or fibromyalgia. Concerning the role of gonadal steroids (sex hormones), several chapters will discuss clinical and epidemiological evidences of their role, as well as their effects as risk factors in autoimmune rheumatic diseases, including a section on pediatrics.

*The premier issue evaluating the role of steroids in autoimmune rheumatic diseases from the basic mechanisms to the clinical involvements
*Documents the latest research and indicate recent and coming new therapeutic-biological approaches to the therapy
*The book will present therapeutic perspectives concerning the new glucocorticoids, and the effects of biological drugs on their synthesis