Engineering Materials Science
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Table of contents
- Cover
- CONTENTSvii
- PREFACExiii
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTSxvii
- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING1
- 1.1. Materials Resources and Their Implications1
- 1.2. Materials and Engmeering10
- 1.3. Engineering Materials and Selected Applications15
- 1.4. Conclusion24
- Additional Reading25
- Questions and Problems26
- CHAPTER 2. ELECTRONS IN ATOMS AND SOLIDS: BONDING29
- 2.1. Introduction29
- 2.2. Atomic Electrons in Single Atoms31
- 2.3. Fingerprinting Atoms37
- 2.4. Electrons in Molecules and Solids43
- 2.5. Bonding in Solids57
- 2.6. Perspective and Conclusion65
- Additional Reading67
- Questions and Problems67
- CHAPTER 3. STRUCTURE OF SOLIDS71
- 3.1. Introduction to Crystal Strumre71
- 3.2. Common Crystal Structures74
- 3.3. Atom Positions, Directions, and Planes in Crystal Structures87
- 3.4. Experimental Evidence for Crystal Structure93
- 3.5. Defects in Crystalline Solids103
- 3.6. Structural Morphologies and How They Are Revealed113
- 3.7. Perspective and Conclusion126
- Additional Reading130
- Questions and Problems130
- CHAPTER 4. POLYMERS, GLASSES, CERAMICS, AND NONMETALLIC MIXTURES135
- 4.1. Introduction135
- 4.2. Introduction to Polymers137
- 4.3. Polymer Chemistry and Structure139
- 4.4. Polymer Morphology153
- 4.5. Inorganic Glasses160
- 4.6. Ceramics: An Introduction167
- 4.7. Structure of Ceramics173
- 4.8. Cement and Concrete179
- 4.9. Perspective and Conclusion184
- Additional Reading186
- Questions and Problems186
- CHAPTER 5. THERMODYNAMICS OF SOLIDS189
- 5.1. Introduction189
- 5.2. Chemical Reactions193
- 5.3. Single-Component Systems198
- 5.4. Introduction to Binary Phase Diagrams206
- 5.5. Additional Phase Diagrams215
- 5.6. Structure and Composition of Phases228
- 5.7. Thermodynamics of Surfaces and Interfaces237
- 5.8. Thermodynamics of Point Defects240
- 5.9. Perspective and Conclusion242
- Additional Reading243
- Questions and Problems243
- CHAPTER 6. KINETICS OF MASS TRANSPORT AND PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS249
- 6.1. Introduction249
- 6.2. Macroscopic Diffusion Phenomena250
- 6.3. Atom Movements and Diffusion259
- 6.4. Nucleation267
- 6.5. Kinetics of Phase Transformations274
- 6.6. Generalized Solid-State Kinetics283
- 6.7. Perspective and Conclusion291
- Additional Reading293
- Questions and Problems293
- CHAPTER 7. MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SOLIDS299
- 7.1. Introduction299
- 7.2. Elastic Behavior300
- 7.3. Plastic Deformation of Metals307
- 7.4. Role of Dislocations322
- 7.5. Mechanical Behavior of Polymers334
- 7.6. Mechanical Behavior of Ceramics and Glasses341
- 7.7. Mechanical Testing of Materials348
- 7.8. Perspective and Conclusion363
- Additional Reading365
- Questions and Problems365
- CHAPTER 8. MATERIALS PROCESSING AND FORMING OPERATIONS371
- 8.1. Introduction371
- 8.2. Solidification Processing of Metals372
- 8.3. Mechanical Forming Operations382
- 8.4. Powder Metallurgy402
- 8.5. Polymer Processing408
- 8.6. Forming Glass413
- 8.7. Processing of Ceramics418
- 8.8. Perspective and Conclusion423
- Additional Reading425
- Questions and Problems425
- CHAPTER 9. HOW ENGINEERING MATERIALS ARE STRENGTHENED AND TOUGHENED431
- 9.1. Introduction431
- 9.2. Heat Treatment of Steel433
- 9.3. Ferrous and Nonferrous Alloys: Properties and Applications450
- 9.4. Mechanical Working and Recrystallization453
- 9.5. Strengthening Nonferrous Metals463
- 9.6. Modeling Composite Properties471
- 9.7. Engineering Composites478
- 9.8. Ceramics and How to Strengthen and Toughen Them487
- 9.9. Perspective and Conclusion492
- Additional Reading495
- Questions and Problems495
- CHAPTER 10. DEGRADATION AND FAILURE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS501
- 10.1. Introduction501
- 10.2. Corrosion502
- 10.3. Gaseous Oxidation524
- 10.4. Wear528
- 10.5. Fracture of Engineering Materials534
- 10.6. Elevated Temperature Creep Degradation and Failure544
- 10.7. Fatigue546
- 10.8. Fracture Case History550
- 10.9. Perspective and Conclusion553
- Additional Reading554
- Questions and Problems554
- CHAPTER 11. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS, INSULATORS, AND DIELECTRICS559
- 11.1. Introduction to Electrical Conduction in Solids559
- 11.2. Electrons in Metals562
- 11.3. Electron Scattering and Resistivity of Metals572
- 11.4. Thermal Conductivity of Materials579
- 1 1.5. Superconductivity581
- 11.6. Conduction Behavior in Insulating Solids586
- 1 1.7. Dielectric Phenomena591
- 11.8. Dielectric Materials and Applications598
- 11.9. Perspective and Conclusion605
- Additional Reading606
- Questions and Problems607
- CHAPTER 12. SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS AND DEVICES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY611
- 12.1. Introduction611
- 12.2. Carriers and Conduction in Homogenous Semiconductors613
- 12.3. Phenomena at Semiconductor Junctions626
- 12.4. Diodes and Transistors634
- 12.5. Materials Issues in Processing Semiconductor Devices641
- 12.6. Fabrication of Integrated Circuit Transistors656
- 12.7. Perspective and Conclusion660
- Additional Reading661
- Questions and Problems661
- CHAPTER 13. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS665
- 13.1. Introduction665
- 13.2. Interaction of Light with Solids667
- 13.3. Appliations of the Optical Properties of Metals and Dielectrics673
- 13.4. Electro-optical Phenomena and Devices679
- 13.5. Lasers688
- 13.6. Optical Communications695
- 13.7. Miscellaneous Optical Properties and Effects703
- 13.8. Perspective and Conclusion705
- Additional Reading706
- Questions and Problems707
- CHAPTER 14. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS711
- 14.1. Introduction711
- 14.2. Macroscopic Interaction between Magnetic Fields and Materials713
- 14.3. Atomic Basis of Magnetism717
- 14.4. The Magnetization Process: Magnetic Domains724
- 14.5. Ferromagnetic Materials and Applications731
- 14.6. Perspective and Conclusion742
- Additional Reading743
- Questions and Problems743
- CHAPTER 15. FAILURE AND RELIABILITY OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES747
- 15.1. Introduction747
- 15.2. Reliability in Electronics: Past, Present, and Future748
- 15.3. Mathematics of Failure and Reliability752
- 15.4. Failure Mechanisms763
- 15.5. Specific Examples of Failure Mechanisms772
- 15.6. Perspective and Conclusion783
- Additional Reading784
- Questions and Problems784
- APPENDIX A: PROPERTIES OF SELECTED ELEMENTS (AT 20°C)789
- APPENDIX B: VALUES OF SELECTED PHYSICAL CONSTANTS791
- APPENDIX C: CONVERSION FACTORS793
- ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS795
- INDEX801
- DOCUMENTATION FOR COMPUTER MODULES828
- Color Plate Section833
Milton Ohring's Engineering Materials Science integrates the scientific nature and modern applications of all classes of engineering materials. This comprehensive, introductory textbook will provide undergraduate engineering students with the fundamental background needed to understand the science of structure-property relationships, as well as address the engineering concerns of materials selection in design, processing materials into useful products, andhow material degrade and fail in service. Specific topics include: physical and electronic structure; thermodynamics and kinetics; processing; mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties; degradation; and failure and reliability. The book offers superior coverage of electrical, optical, and magnetic materials than competing text.
The author has taught introductory courses in material science and engineering both in academia and industry (AT&T Bell Laboratories) and has also written the well-received book, The Material Science of Thin Films (Academic Press).
Key Features
* Provides a modern treatment of materials exposing the interrelated themes of structure, properties, processing, and performance
* Includes an interactive, computationally oriented, computer disk containing nine modules dealing with structure, phase diagrams, diffusion, and mechanical and electronic properties
* Fundamentals are stressed
* Of particular interest to students, researchers, and professionals in the field of electronic engineering
The author has taught introductory courses in material science and engineering both in academia and industry (AT&T Bell Laboratories) and has also written the well-received book, The Material Science of Thin Films (Academic Press).
Key Features
* Provides a modern treatment of materials exposing the interrelated themes of structure, properties, processing, and performance
* Includes an interactive, computationally oriented, computer disk containing nine modules dealing with structure, phase diagrams, diffusion, and mechanical and electronic properties
* Fundamentals are stressed
* Of particular interest to students, researchers, and professionals in the field of electronic engineering