Environmental Design Guidelines for Low Crested Coastal Structures
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Table of contents
- Contentsvii
- Part I: Guidelines1
- Chapter 1. Definition of LCSs covered by the guidelines3
- Chapter 2. Function of LCSs5
- 2.1. LCSs interaction with waves, currents and sediment transport5
- 2.2. Environmental considerations and consequences8
- 2.3. Socio-economic impact of LCSs10
- Chapter 3. Objectives and target effects of LCSs11
- 3.1. Protection of land and infrastructure by prevention or reduction of coastal erosion11
- 3.2. Improvement of recreational conditions11
- 3.3. Protect and minimise impacts on cultural and natural heritage of the coastline12
- 3.4. Enhancement of natural living resources for food and recreation13
- Chapter 4. Outline of design procedure15
- Chapter 5. Initial considerations17
- 5.1. Consideration of legal, physical, environmental, socio-economic and aesthetic constraints17
- 5.2. Definition of the primary objectives22
- 5.3. Consideration of LCSs as a possible contribution to a functional and economical solution23
- 5.4. Consideration of project service lifetime and structure safety classification23
- 5.5. Consideration of environmental context including ecosystem, natural heritage and natural resour24
- 5.6. Synthesis of «Go/No Go» decision24
- Chapter 6. Investigation of environmental conditions25
- 6.1. Bathymetry and topography including seasonal and long-term variations25
- 6.2. Geology including characterization of surface layers (sediments)26
- 6.3. Water level variations26
- 6.4. Wave statistics27
- 6.5. Current statistics including tidal, bathymetric and wave generated currents, residual large-sca28
- 6.6. Wind statistics, solar exposure and precipitation29
- 6.7. Sediment transport by waves and wind29
- 6.8. Sediment characteristics30
- 6.9. Hydrographic parameters including water quality31
- 6.10. Ecological conditions (ecosystem, habitat and species)31
- Chapter 7. Conceptual/pre-design alternatives33
- 7.1. Proposals for lay-out and cross sections of potential LCS schemes33
- 7.2. Preliminary estimation of morphological impact by the use of empirical diagrams, formulae or ex35
- 7.3. Structural safety of predesign38
- 7.4. Identification of environmental conditions for predesign39
- 7.5. Structural design of LCSs based on material supply possibilities, formulae for stability, and s40
- 7.6. Assessment of environmental impacts (EIA) at local and regional scale42
- 7.7. Evaluation of the schemes based on economical optimisation43
- 7.8. Socio-economic evaluation of the schemes44
- 7.9. Integration of technical, ecological and economic evaluation for selection of the sustainable s44
- Chapter 8. Detailed design of preferred scheme47
- 8.1. Optimization of lay-out and cross sections of LCSs based on short-term and long-term morphodyna47
- 8.2. Structural design by the use of formulae and model tests50
- 8.3. Statement of socio-environmental impacts50
- 8.4. Design mitigation measures52
- 8.5. Identification of design options that maximise specific secondary management goals54
- 8.6. Evaluation of initial and maintenance costs56
- 8.7. Formulation of monitoring programmes59
- 8.8. Maintenance plan61
- Chapter 9. Materials for LCSs63
- 9.1. Natural rock63
- 9.2. Concrete64
- 9.3. Geotextiles64
- 9.4. Environmental considerations65
- Chapter 10. Construction of LCSs67
- 10.1. Construction methods67
- 10.2. Environmental impacts during construction operations70
- Part II: Appendix71
- Chapter 11. Case Studies73
- 11.1. Elmer73
- 11.2. Altafulla93
- 11.3. Pellestrina104
- 11.4. Lido di Dante116
- 11.5. Ostia128
- Chapter 12. An example of environmental design of coastal defence137
- 12.1. Preface137
- 12.2. Initial considerations137
- 12.3. Environmental conditions142
- 12.4. Conceptual pre-design alternatives147
- 12.5. Selection of the sustainable scheme185
- 12.6. Detailed design187
- 12.7. Conclusions199
- Part III: Tools201
- Chapter 13. Design tools related to engineering203
- 13.1. Site condition parameters203
- 13.2. Transformation of waves from deep water to shallow water212
- 13.3. Wave transformation by structures223
- 13.4. Hydrodynamic numerical models to predict local hydrodynamics in the vicinity of the structures233
- 13.5. Prediction of wave induced water flow over and through the structure, of set-up and rip-curren262
- 13.6. Cross-shore equilibrium profile280
- 13.7. Cross-shore sediment transport284
- 13.8. Long-shore sediment transport (amount and distribution over the coastal profile)286
- 13.9. Empirical diagrams/formulae for prediction of formation of salients and tombolos289
- 13.10. Combined hydrodynamic and morphologic numerical models to predict short and long-term spatial298
- 13.11. Formulae for structural stability307
- 13.12. Model tests related to structure design329
- 13.13. Safety aspects330
- Chapter 14. Background knowledge and tools for prediction of ecological impacts335
- 14.1. Definitions of main factors influencing the distribution and abundance of species and assembla335
- 14.2. Tools for assessment of impacts341
- Chapter 15. Design tools related to socio-economics347
- 15.1. General description of cost benefit analysis347
- 15.2. Classification of costs and benefits and inventory of coastal assets348
- 15.3. Transfer of empirical values354
- 15.4. Non-marketable recreational use value of a beach358
- 15.5. The benefit of protection of land/hinterland363
- 15.6. The value of habitat disruption366
- 15.7. Options use and non-use values of a coastal cultural heritage369
- 15.8. Visitors preferences about beach defence techniques and beach materials372
- References375
- Index397
- A397
- B397
- C397
- D397
- E398
- F398
- G398
- H398
- I398
- L398
- M398
- N399
- O399
- P399
- R399
- S399
- T399
- V400
- W400
The effect of manmade activities is primarily local but can extend far away from the location of intervention. This underlines the importance of establishing coastal zone management plans covering large stretches of coastlines.
In recent years, interest in Low Crested Structures (coastal defense structures with a low-crest) has been growing together with awareness of the sensitivity to environmental impacts produced by coastal defenses.
The relation between wave climate, beach erosion, beach defence means, habitat changes and beach value, which clearly exists based on EC research results, suggests the necessity of an integrated approach when designing coastal protection schemes. In accordance with this need, the present design guidelines cover structure stability and construction problems, hydro and morphodynamic effects, environmental effects (colonisation of the structure and water quality), societal and economic impacts (recreational benefits, swimming safety, beach quality).
Environmental Design Guidelines for Low Crested Coastal Structures is specifically dedicated to Low Crested Structures, and provides methodological tools both for the engineering design of structures and for the prediction of performance and environmental impacts of such structures. A briefing of current best practice for local and national planning authorities, statutory agencies and other stakeholders in the coastal zone is also covered.
Presented in a generic way, this book is appropriate throughout the European Union, taking into account current European Commission policy and directives for the promotion of sustainable development and integrated coastal zone management.
* Fills the gap between engineering and ecology in coastal defense planning
* Shows the reader how to perform an integrated design of coastal defense schemes
* Presents latest insights on hydro-morphodynamics induced by structures
* Provides directly applicable tools for the design of low crested structures
* Highlights socio-economic perspectives in coastal defense design
In recent years, interest in Low Crested Structures (coastal defense structures with a low-crest) has been growing together with awareness of the sensitivity to environmental impacts produced by coastal defenses.
The relation between wave climate, beach erosion, beach defence means, habitat changes and beach value, which clearly exists based on EC research results, suggests the necessity of an integrated approach when designing coastal protection schemes. In accordance with this need, the present design guidelines cover structure stability and construction problems, hydro and morphodynamic effects, environmental effects (colonisation of the structure and water quality), societal and economic impacts (recreational benefits, swimming safety, beach quality).
Environmental Design Guidelines for Low Crested Coastal Structures is specifically dedicated to Low Crested Structures, and provides methodological tools both for the engineering design of structures and for the prediction of performance and environmental impacts of such structures. A briefing of current best practice for local and national planning authorities, statutory agencies and other stakeholders in the coastal zone is also covered.
Presented in a generic way, this book is appropriate throughout the European Union, taking into account current European Commission policy and directives for the promotion of sustainable development and integrated coastal zone management.
* Fills the gap between engineering and ecology in coastal defense planning
* Shows the reader how to perform an integrated design of coastal defense schemes
* Presents latest insights on hydro-morphodynamics induced by structures
* Provides directly applicable tools for the design of low crested structures
* Highlights socio-economic perspectives in coastal defense design