Explosion and Blast-Related Injuries: Effects of Explosion and Blast from Military Operations and Acts of Terrorism
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Table of contents
- Table of Contentsv
- List of Contributorsvii
- Prefacexi
- Introductionxiii
- Part 1: Epidemiology of Blast and Explosion Injuries1
- Chapter 1: The Epidemiology and Triage of Blast Injuries3
- Introduction4
- Methodological Issues8
- Mechanisms And Consequences of Blast-Related Injury11
- Morbidity And Mortality20
- Conclusion30
- Disclaimer32
- References32
- Chapter 2: Explosion Injuries Treated at Combat Support Hospitals in the Global War on Terrorism41
- Introduction42
- Explosion Characteristics44
- Explosion Injuries46
- Explosion Statistics47
- Unique Injuries49
- Demographics of Explosions in Military Patients51
- Injuries52
- Anatomical Distribution of Injuries55
- Age56
- Gender57
- Injury Severity57
- Procedures59
- Hemostatic Resuscitation59
- Clinical Lessons Learned61
- Summary63
- References63
- Part 2: Pathology and Pathophysiology of Blast Injuries71
- Chapter 3: Pathology of Human Blast Lung Injury73
- Introduction73
- Injuries caused by explosives„a short overview74
- Pathological features of traumatic lung injury not due to primary blast effects78
- Blast lung injury82
- Concluding remarks87
- References88
- Chapter 4: Neurotrauma from Explosive Blast91
- IntroductIon91
- Types Of Traumatic Brain Injury92
- Severity Of Traumatic Brain Injury93
- Prevalence94
- Mechanisms Of Injury95
- Blast Mechanics96
- Blast Injury96
- Clinical Management97
- Blast Concussive Injury100
- Conclusion102
- Disclaimer102
- References102
- Chapter 5: Effects of Blast Injury on the Autonomic Nervous System and the Response to Resuscitation105
- Introduction105
- Primary Blast Injuries108
- Secondary Blast Injury124
- Tertiary Blast Injury130
- Summary133
- Disclaimer134
- References134
- Chapter 6: Quaternary Blast Injury: Burns143
- Introduction143
- Epidemiology144
- Pathophysiology149
- Radiant Heat150
- Treatment152
- Conclusion156
- Disclaimer157
- References157
- Part 3: Modeling and Mechanisms of Primary Blast Injury161
- Chapter 7: Multiscale Computational Modeling of Lung Blast Injuries163
- Introduction164
- Multiphysics, And Multiscale Approaches In Modeling Blast Injury173
- Modeling Explosion Blast—Human Body Dynamics And Biomechanics187
- Blast Wave Lung Injury Model220
- Summary and Conclusions250
- Disclaimer253
- References253
- Chapter 8: Biochemical Mechanism(s) of Primary Blast Injury: The Role of Free Radicals and Oxidative261
- Introduction262
- Methods268
- Results and Discussion273
- Conclusions279
- Acknowledgments282
- Disclaimer282
- References282
- Chapter 9: Inflammatory Response in Primary Blast Injury289
- Introduction289
- Model of Blast Lung Trauma290
- Systemic Cardiopulmonary Alterations in Shock Wave Induced Injury292
- Systemic and Local Inflammation in Shock Wave Induced Pulmonary Trauma294
- Summary299
- Acknowledgments302
- Disclaimer302
- References302
- Part 4: Global Experiences of Blast Injury and Mass Casualty Management305
- Chapter 10: Mass Casualty Events„Suicide Bombing: The Israeli Perspective307
- Introduction308
- Mechanism of Injury in Bomb Explosions309
- Characteristics of the Primary Blast Injuries on Specific Organs312
- Limb Amputation314
- Causes of Immediate Death314
- Forensic Studies314
- Site of the Explosion and the Wounding Potential315
- The Multidimensional Injury Pattern315
- Blast Injuries: Prehospital Management316
- Triage319
- Triage and Control in a Level 1 Trauma Center322
- The Epidemiology of Trauma Casualties326
- Discussion329
- Conclusion330
- Summary331
- References331
- Chapter 11: The Soviet Experience in Afghanistan 1980–1989: Abdominal Blast Injury Produced by Min337
- Introduction: Land Mines in the Soviet–Afghan War337
- Mine Explosion and the Heart340
- Mine Explosion and the Lung341
- Mine Explosion and the Central Nervous System341
- Mine Explosion and Septic Shock342
- Mine Explosion and Organs of the Abdominal Cavity342
- Land Mine Injury Management346
- Conclusions351
- Disclaimer351
- References351
- Chapter 12: Otologic Blast Trauma: Experience from Croatian War353
- Introduction353
- War-Related Blast Injury of the Middle Ear355
- War-Related Blast Injury of the Inner Ear362
- Summary365
- References366
- Index369
Explosion and Blast-Related Injuries is an authoritative text that brings together diverse knowledge gained from both the experience of clinicians treating blast casualties and the insights of scientists obtained from research and modeling of blast exposures. By providing information on explosion and blast injury patterns, as well as the mechanism of blast-induced injuries, it is a useful reference for both physicians and researchers. With contributions by experts from around the globe, the book covers topics such as the epidemiology of blast and explosion injury, pathology and pathophysiology, and the modeling and mechanism of injury. Finally, this book might stimulate additional studies into ways to improve our current mass casualty response systems.
* Contains contributions from experts who had first hand experience dealing with explosion and blast injuries.
* Provides a diverse global experience derived from both military operations and terrorist attacks in civilian settings from the US, Europe and the Middle East.
* Covers such topics as epidemiology of blast and explosion injury, pathology and pathophysiology, modeling and mechanism of injury, and finally presents the global experiences of blast injury and mass casualty management.
* Contains contributions from experts who had first hand experience dealing with explosion and blast injuries.
* Provides a diverse global experience derived from both military operations and terrorist attacks in civilian settings from the US, Europe and the Middle East.
* Covers such topics as epidemiology of blast and explosion injury, pathology and pathophysiology, modeling and mechanism of injury, and finally presents the global experiences of blast injury and mass casualty management.