Fish Nutrition
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Table of contents
- Contentsv
- List of Contributorsxi
- Prefacexiii
- Chapter 1. Bioenergetics1
- 1.1 Introduction2
- 1.2 History of Nutritional Energetics3
- 1.3 Energy Exchange in Biological Systems5
- 1.4 Energy Utilization and Requirements7
- 1.5 Digestible Energy of Feedstuffs14
- 1.6 Effect of Biological and Environmental Factors16
- 1.7 Urinary and Branchial Energy and Metabolizable Energy18
- 1.8 Factors Affecting Metabolic Waste Output21
- 1.9 Heat Production24
- 1.10 Minimal Metabolism29
- 1.11 Heat Increment of Feeding35
- 1.12 Digestion and Absorption Processes (HdE)37
- 1.13 Recovered Energy and Growth43
- 1.14 Reproduction47
- 1.15 Integrating and Using Information from Bioenergetics48
- 1.16 Limitations and Perspectives of Bioenergetics53
- References54
- Chapter 2. The Vitamins61
- 2.1 Historical Introduction62
- 2.2 The Water-Soluble Vitamins66
- 2.3 The Fat-Soluble Vitamins113
- 2.4 Other Factors128
- 2.5 Anemias and Hemapoiesis130
- References132
- Chapter 3. Amino Acids and Proteins143
- 3.1 Introduction144
- 3.2 Protein Requirements145
- 3.3 Qualitative Amino Acid Requirements151
- 3.4 Quantitative Amino Acid Requirements152
- 3.5 Other Methods of Estimating Amino Acid Needs170
- References175
- Chapter 4. The Lipids181
- 4.1 Introduction182
- 4.2 Structures and Biosynthesis184
- 4.3 Functions194
- 4.4 Fatty Acids and Dietary Energy201
- 4.5 Optimal Levels and Ratios of Dietary n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids206
- 4.6 Dietary Phosphoglycerides: Inositol and Choline227
- 4.7 Fatty Acid Peroxidation232
- 4.8 Sources of Lipids for Farmed Fish Feeds239
- 4.9 Prospects244
- References246
- Chapter 5. The Minerals259
- 5.1 Introduction260
- 5.2 Essential Minerals for Finfish271
- 5.3 Concluding Remarks300
- References301
- Chapter 6. Intermediary Metabolism309
- 6.1 Introduction: Metabolic Circuitry and Control Mechanisms310
- 6.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism313
- 6.3 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism333
- 6.4 Conclusions358
- References360
- Chapter 7. Nutritional Physiology367
- 7.1 Introduction368
- 7.2 Gross Juvenile and Adult Anatomy369
- 7.3 Sensory Organs378
- 7.4 Food Capture Structures and Organs389
- 7.5 Digestive Organs393
- 7.6 Liver413
- 7.7 Anatomy and Diet415
- 7.8 Digestive Processes417
- 7.9 Postabsorptive Transport and Processing427
- 7.10 Control and Regulation of Digestion428
- 7.11 Nutritional Physiology in Larval Fish432
- References446
- Chapter 8. Nutritional Pathology453
- 8.1 Introduction454
- 8.2 Principles of Nutritional Pathology455
- 8.3 The Deficiency and Imbalance Diseases459
- 8.4 Micronutrients464
- 8.5 Mineral Deficiencies and Imbalances480
- 8.6 Dietary Mineral Toxicity484
- 8.7 Mycotoxins489
- 8.8 Toxic Algae492
- 8.9 Cottonseeds492
- 8.10 Senecio Alkaloids492
- 8.11 Leucaena Toxins494
- 8.12 Anthropogenic Chemicals494
- 8.13 Binders494
- 8.14 Photosensitizers495
- 8.15 Sekoke Disease497
- 8.16 Spleen- and Liver-Induced Cataracts498
- 8.17 Single-Cell Protein Lesions500
- 8.18 Antibiotic and Chemotherapeutic Toxicity500
- References500
- Chapter 9. Diet Formulation and Manufacture505
- 9.1 Introduction506
- 9.2 Aims and Strategy of Fish Feed Production514
- 9.3 Feed Ingredients515
- 9.4 Diet Formulation538
- 9.5 Diet Manufacture and Storage558
- 9.6 Ingredient and Diet Evaluation578
- 9.7 Glossary594
- References596
- Chapter 10. Adventitious Toxins601
- 10.1 Introduction602
- 10.2 Naturally Occurring Toxins in Formulated Fish Rations603
- 10.3 Nonnatural Components and Additives in Formulated Rations630
- 10.4 Summary641
- References641
- Chapter 11. Special Feeds651
- 11.1 Introduction652
- 11.2 Formulation of Special Feeds652
- 11.3 Feed Manufacturing661
- 11.4 Summary667
- References668
- Chapter 12. Nutrition and Fish Health671
- 12.1 Introduction672
- 12.2 Factors Affecting Fish Health673
- 12.3 Dietary Components Influencing Fish Health675
- 12.4 Feeding Practices Affecting Fish Health694
- 12.5 Concluding Remarks and Research Needs698
- References699
- Chapter 13. Diet and Fish Husbandry703
- 13.1 Introduction704
- 13.2 Channel Catfish708
- 13.3 Salmonids720
- 13.4 Tilapias732
- 13.5 Penaeid Shrimp741
- References753
- Chapter 14. Nutrient Flow and Retention755
- 14.1 Introduction756
- 14.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism757
- 14.3 Glycolysis757
- 14.4 Carbohydrate Synthesis759
- 14.5 Pentose Phosphate Pathway759
- 14.6 Glycogenolysis759
- 14.7 Diet and Carbohydrate Metabolism760
- 14.8 Lipid Metabolism760
- 14.9 Odd-Chain-Length Fatty Acid Oxidation762
- 14.10 Electron Transfer Cascade763
- 14.11 Amino Acid Metabolism763
- 14.12 Effect of Diet on Intermediary Metabolism765
- 14.13 Measuring Protein Accretion and Degradation766
- 14.14 Intake and Metabolism767
- 14.15 Sexual Maturity and Metabolism767
- 14.16 Prospects for Improvement of Protein Retention Efficiency768
- References769
- Appendix771
- Index807
This third edition of Fish Nutrition is a comprehensive treatise on nutrient requirements and metabolism in major species of fish used in aquaculture or scientific experiments. It covers nutrients required and used in cold water, warm water, fresh water, and marine species for growth and reproduction. It also highlights basic physiology and biochemistry of the nutrients and applications of these principles to scientific and practical diet formulations and to manufacturing techniques for major species used worldwide in aquaculture.
*Nutrient requirements for dietary formulations for fish farming
*Digestive physiology
*Comparative nutritional requirements of different species
*Fish as unique animals for certain metabolic pathways
*Nutrient requirements for dietary formulations for fish farming
*Digestive physiology
*Comparative nutritional requirements of different species
*Fish as unique animals for certain metabolic pathways