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Table of contents
- Cover
- Preface to the second editionv
- Preface to the first editionvii
- List of contributorsix
- Contentsxv
- Part 1: Compounds of Importance in Forensic Toxicology1
- Chapter 1. Opioids: Methods of Forensic Analysis3
- 1.1. Introduction3
- 1.2. Preliminary Methods for Opiate Detection3
- 1.3. Isolation of Opiates from Biosamples8
- 1.4. Papaver Somniferum as a Source of Opiates10
- 1.5. Heroin and Associated Illicit Opiate Formulations14
- 1.6. Other Opiate Agonists35
- 1.7. Concluding Summary59
- 1.8. Abbreviations60
- 1.9. References62
- Chapter 2. Current Methods for the Separation and Analysis of Cocaine Analytes73
- 2.1. Introduction74
- 2.2. Current Methods for the Determination of Cocaine83
- 2.3. Conclusions and Perspectives117
- 2.4. Abbreviations118
- 2.5. References120
- Chapter 3. Amphetamines127
- 3.1. Introduction127
- 3.2. Extraction129
- 3.3. Derivatization135
- 3.4. Gas Chromatography143
- 3.5. Liquid Chromatography149
- 3.6. Alternative Techniques152
- 3.7. Interpretation of Analytical Results159
- 3.8. Conclusion163
- 3.9. Abbreviations164
- 3.10. References165
- Chapter 4. Hallucinogens175
- 4.1. Introduction175
- 4.2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)177
- 4.3. Mescaline187
- 4.4. Psilocybin188
- 4.5. Phencyclidine (PCP)191
- 4.6. Conclusion198
- 4.7. Abbreviations198
- 4.8. References199
- Chapter 5. Cannabinoids Analysis: Analytical Methods for Different Biological Specimens203
- 5.1. Introduction203
- 5.2. Analysis of Cannabinoids in Urine204
- 5.3. Analysis of Cannabinoids in Blood221
- 5.4. Analysis of Cannabinoids in Hair227
- 5.5. Analysis of Cannabinoids in Meconium229
- 5.6. Other Biological Specimens230
- 5.7. Autopsy Materials232
- 5.8. Analysis of Cannabinoids in Crude Cannabis Preparations233
- 5.9. Concluding Remarks235
- 5.10. References235
- Chapter 6. Sedatives and Hypnotics243
- 6.1. Introduction243
- 6.2. Barbiturates244
- 6.3. Benzodiazepines252
- 6.4. Zopiclone, Zolpidem, Zaleplon and Eszopiclone261
- 6.5. Diphenhydramine267
- 6.6. Other Sedatives and Hypnotics270
- 6.7. Concluding Summary and Perspectives273
- 6.8. References274
- Chapter 7. Antidepressants and Antipsychotics287
- 7.1. Introduction287
- 7.2. Analytical Techniques297
- 7.3. Conclusion313
- 7.4. Abbreviations313
- 7.5. References314
- Chapter 8. Non-Opioid Analgesics319
- 8.1. Introduction319
- 8.2. Paracetamol320
- 8.3. Acetylsalicylic Acid329
- 8.4. Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs336
- 8.5. Pyrazole Derivatives344
- 8.6. Concluding Summary and Perspectives347
- 8.7. References348
- Chapter 9. Other Therapeutic Drugs of Forensic Relevance357
- 9.1. Introduction357
- 9.2. Cardiac Glycosides357
- 9.3. Antiarrhythmics361
- 9.4. Oral Antidiabetics373
- 9.5. Muscle Relaxants378
- 9.6. Concluding Summary382
- 9.7. References382
- Chapter 10. Mushroom Toxins391
- 10.1. Introduction391
- 10.2. Amatoxins391
- 10.3. Orellanine396
- 10.4. Gyromitrin396
- 10.5. Psilocybin and Psilocin397
- 10.6. References398
- Part 2: Screening Procedures Used in Forensic Toxicology401
- Chapter 11. Forensic Screening by Gas Chromatography403
- 11.1. Introduction403
- 11.2. Sample Preparation404
- 11.3. Separation404
- 11.4. Identification410
- 11.5. Detection and Quantification413
- 11.6. Established GC Screening for Basic Drugs417
- 11.7. Conclusions422
- 11.8. References423
- Chapter 12. Forensic Screening with GC-MS425
- 12.1. Introduction425
- 12.2. Screening Strategies425
- 12.3. Samples and their Work-up426
- 12.4. Screening in Blood; Serum; or Plasma427
- 12.5. Screening in Urine428
- 12.6. Reference Mass Spectral Libraries as Basis for Full-Scan GC-MS Screening Procedures439
- 12.7. Concluding Summary and Perspectives441
- 12.8. Ackowledgements441
- 12.9. References442
- Chapter 13. High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Forensic Toxicological Analysis447
- 13.1. Introduction447
- 13.2. Progress in HPLC Techniques447
- 13.3. Applications of HPLC in Forensic Analysis465
- 13.4. Concluding Remarks484
- 13.5. References485
- Chapter 14. Forensic Screening with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry491
- 14.1. Introduction491
- 14.2. Sample Preparation for Comprehensive LC-MS Screening492
- 14.3. Liquid Chromatography Prior to Mass Spectrometry493
- 14.4. Ionisation Techniques496
- 14.5. Comprehensive Screening Procedures498
- 14.6. Identification using LC-MS and LC-MS/MS Spectral Libraries503
- 14.7. Discussion and Conclusions508
- 14.8. Abbreviations509
- 14.9. References510
- Chapter 15. Forensic Toxicological Screening with Capillary Electrophoresis and Related Techniques513
- 15.1. Introduction513
- 15.2. Technical Features and Instrumentation514
- 15.3. Capillary Electrophoresis in Toxicological Screening525
- 15.4. Conclusions530
- 15.5. Abbreviations531
- 15.6. References532
- Chapter 16. HPLC-ICP-MS Screening for Forensic Applications535
- 16.1. Introduction535
- 16.2. Instrumentation537
- 16.3. Applications540
- 16.4. Concluding remarks559
- 16.5. References559
- Part 3: Actual and Emerging Problems of Forensic Toxicology565
- Chapter 17. Analytical Markers of Acute and Chronic Alcohol Consumption567
- 17.1. Introduction567
- 17.2. Tests of Acute Alcohol Consumption569
- 17.3. Tests of Chronic Alcohol Consumption576
- 17.4. Future Aspects on Alcohol Testing and Alcohol Biomarkers582
- 17.5. Conclusion582
- 17.6. References583
- Chapter 18. Toxicological Aspects of Herbal Remedies589
- 18.1. Introduction589
- 18.2. Intrinsic Toxicity of Herbal Remedies591
- 18.3. Toxic Metals in Herbal Remedies599
- 18.4. Organic Contaminants of Herbal Remedies601
- 18.5. Adulteration of Herbal Remedies with Pharmaceuticals602
- 18.6. Conclusions608
- 18.7. References608
- Chapter 19. Drugs and Driving611
- 19.1. Introduction611
- 19.2. Analytical Methods615
- 19.3. Interpretation636
- 19.4. Conclusion643
- 19.5. Abbreviations644
- 19.6. References646
- Chapter 20. Unconventional Samples and Alternative Matrices653
- 20.1. Hair654
- 20.2. Oral Fluid668
- 20.3. Sweat681
- 20.4. Meconium683
- 20.5. Conclusion688
- 20.6. Abbreviations689
- 20.7. References690
- Chapter 21. Doping Substances in Human and Animal Sport699
- 21.1. Introduction699
- 21.2. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids704
- 21.3. Stimulants713
- 21.4. Diuretics719
- 21.5. β-Adrenergic Drugs (β-Blockers and β-Agonists)722
- 21.6. Peptide Hormones725
- 21.7. Antiinflammatory Drugs728
- 21.8. Enhancement of Oxygen Transfer731
- 21.9. Miscellanea732
- 21.10. Legal Aspects735
- 21.11. Abbreviations737
- 21.12. Acknowledgements738
- 21.13. References739
- Chapter 22. Pharmacogenomics for Forensic Toxicology in Enabling Personalized Medicine745
- 22.1. Introduction – Inter-Relationship of Pharmacogenomics, Forensic Toxicology, and Personalized745
- 22.2. Pharmacogenomics ‘‘Space’’746
- 22.3. Principles of Pharmacogenetics/Pharmacogenomics750
- 22.4. Pharmacogenomics Tests and Methodologies752
- 22.5. Clinical Applications753
- 22.6. Forensic Applications755
- 22.7. Conclusions758
- 22.8. References758
- Chapter 23. Aspects of Quality Assurance in Forensic Toxicology763
- 23.1. Introduction763
- 23.2. A Quality Concept for Analytical Toxicological Laboratories769
- 23.3. Quality of the outcome805
- 23.4. Conclusions813
- 23.5. References814
- Part 4: Forensic Chemistry821
- Chapter 24. Explosives823
- 24.1. Introduction823
- 24.2. Extraction and Clean-Up Procedures823
- 24.3. Analysis of Explosives by Gas Chromatography (GC)825
- 24.4. Analysis of Explosives by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)826
- 24.5. Analysis of Explosives by GC/MS828
- 24.6. Analysis of Explosives by LC/MS831
- 24.7. Analysis of Explosives by Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS)834
- 24.8. Concluding Summary837
- 24.9. References838
- Chapter 25. Chemical Warfare Agents839
- 25.1. Introduction839
- 25.2. Chemical Warfare Agent Analysis – Overview841
- 25.3. Sample Handling843
- 25.4. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry845
- 25.5. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry849
- 25.6. Other Instrumental Techniques859
- 25.7. Field Analyses863
- 25.8. Safety and Disposal867
- 25.9. Conclusions868
- 25.10. Annex868
- 25.11. References868
- Chapter 26. Forensic Analysis of Fire Debris873
- 26.1. Introduction873
- 26.2. The Arson Problem874
- 26.3. Ignitable Liquids876
- 26.4. Analysis of Fire Debris883
- 26.5. Quality Assurance914
- 26.6. The Future of Fire Debris Analysis917
- 26.7. References919
- Chapter 27. Writing Media and Documents923
- 27.1. Introduction923
- 27.2. Thin-Layer Chromatography923
- 27.3. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry927
- 27.4. High Performance Liquid Chromatography932
- 27.5. Capillary Electrophoresis933
- 27.6. Chromatographic Methods used for Dating ink on Documents935
- 27.7. References940
- Part 5: Forensic Identification of Individuals and Biological Traces943
- Chapter 28. Forensic DNA Typing Technologies: A Review945
- 28.1. Introduction945
- 28.2. DNA Polymorphisms946
- 28.3. DNA Typing Methods947
- 28.4. STRs in Sexual Chromosomes and Mitochondrial DNA950
- 28.5. SNP Typing951
- 28.6. Standardization Efforts and the Value of the DNA Evidence954
- 28.7. References955
- Chapter 29. Mitochondrial DNA: Future Challenges in Forensic Genetics959
- 29.1. Introduction959
- 29.2. Average and Site-Specific Mutation Rates960
- 29.3. The Importance of Coding Region SNPs in Forensic Genetics961
- 29.4. High-Density DNA Arrays: Chips for mtDNA961
- 29.5. Using Phylogenetic Approaches to Correct Errors in mtDNA Datasets963
- 29.6. Troublesome mtDNA Databases963
- 29.7. Final Remarks: Validation of mtDNA in Forensic Genetics and Statistical Approach964
- 29.8. Acknowledgments965
- 29.9. References965
- Chapter 30. The Human Y Chromosome Male-Specific Polymorphisms and Forensic Genetics969
- 30.1. Introduction969
- 30.2. Y Chromosome in Forensic Applications973
- 30.3. Y-Chromosome Markers in Forensics975
- 30.4. Acknowledgments992
- 30.5. References992
- Subject Index1001
Book details
- Vendor Elsevier S & T
- SKU 9780444522146
- ISBN-13 9780080554259
- Author Smith, Roger
- Edition 2nd
- Category Law
- Subject Forensic Science
Do you have questions about this book?
The book presents the applications of separation methods, manly chromatography, in forensic practice.
The first part, devoted to forensic toxicology, contains reviews on forensic relevant groups of compounds, like: Opiate agonists, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics, antidepressive and antipsychotic drugs, analgesics, antidiabetics, muscle relaxants, and mushroom toxins.
In these parts, the preliminary immunochemical tests were also included, together with separation methods.
Screening procedures used in forensic toxicology were presented in separate chapters on forensic screening with GC, GC-MS, HPLC, LC-MS, CE, and LC-ICP-MS.
In the part on actual and emerging problems of forensic toxicology, following chapters were included: Analytical markers of alcohol abuse, toxicological aspects of herbal remedies, drugs and driving, analysis in alternative matrices, doping analysis, pharmacogenomics in forensic toxicology, and quality assurance.
The second part presents application of separation methods in forensic chemistry, and comprises chapters on: Explosives, chemical warfare agents, arson analysis, and writing media.
Third part on forensic identification contains chapter on forensic genetics.
All chapters are written up-to-date and present specific information up to 2006. The authors of each chapter are known not only from their scientific activity, but are also reputed experts, proven in everyday forensic casework.
- Wide spectrum of topics presented
- Up-to-date presentation of topics
- Data are presented in comparative mode
- Special stress put on screening procedures
The first part, devoted to forensic toxicology, contains reviews on forensic relevant groups of compounds, like: Opiate agonists, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics, antidepressive and antipsychotic drugs, analgesics, antidiabetics, muscle relaxants, and mushroom toxins.
In these parts, the preliminary immunochemical tests were also included, together with separation methods.
Screening procedures used in forensic toxicology were presented in separate chapters on forensic screening with GC, GC-MS, HPLC, LC-MS, CE, and LC-ICP-MS.
In the part on actual and emerging problems of forensic toxicology, following chapters were included: Analytical markers of alcohol abuse, toxicological aspects of herbal remedies, drugs and driving, analysis in alternative matrices, doping analysis, pharmacogenomics in forensic toxicology, and quality assurance.
The second part presents application of separation methods in forensic chemistry, and comprises chapters on: Explosives, chemical warfare agents, arson analysis, and writing media.
Third part on forensic identification contains chapter on forensic genetics.
All chapters are written up-to-date and present specific information up to 2006. The authors of each chapter are known not only from their scientific activity, but are also reputed experts, proven in everyday forensic casework.
- Wide spectrum of topics presented
- Up-to-date presentation of topics
- Data are presented in comparative mode
- Special stress put on screening procedures
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