Functional Neuroanatomy of the Nitric Oxide System
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsxi
- List of Contributorsv
- Prefaceix
- Chapter I. Nitric oxide synthase and the production of nitric oxide1
- 1. Introduction and historical perspectives1
- 2. NO synthase isoforms3
- 3. Protein structure of NO synthase isoforms6
- 4. Neuronal NO synthase10
- 5. References11
- Chapter II. Histochemistry of nitric oxide synthase in the central nervous system19
- 1. Introduction19
- 2. Localization of nitric oxide synthase in the brain21
- 3. Arginine metabolism in the brain38
- 4. Heme oxygenase39
- 5. Conclusions39
- 6. References39
- Chapter III. Comparative and developmental neuroanatomical51
- 1. Introduction51
- 2. Methods to localize nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthases in brain tissue52
- 3. Results54
- 4. Discussion87
- 5. Abbreviations94
- 6. References101
- Chapter IV. Nitric oxide in the retina111
- 1. Introduction111
- 2. Localization of nitric oxide synthase in the retina111
- 3. Development of NOS in the retina and central visual targets122
- 4. Biochemistry and molecular biology of NOS in the retina125
- 5. Function of NO in specific retinal cell types128
- 6. Release of NO in the retina132
- 7. Modulation of transmitter release by NO133
- 8. The cGMP signal transduction pathway in retina and its modulation by NO133
- 9. Future areas of investigation138
- 10. Abbreviations139
- 11. Acknowledgements
- 12. References140
- Chapter V. Nitric oxide signaling in the hypothalamus147
- 1. Introduction147
- 2. NOS in the hypothalamus147
- 3. Co-localization149
- 4. Regulation151
- 5. Functional consideration157
- 6. Conclusions166
- 7. Acknowledgements167
- 8. References167
- Chapter VI. Nitric oxide systems in the medulla oblongata and their involvement in autonomic control177
- 1. Introduction177
- 2. Methods177
- 3. Results and discussion180
- 4. Abbreviations207
- 5. Acknowledgements208
- 6. References208
- Chapter VII. Nitric oxide in the peripheral autonomic nervous system215
- 1. Introduction215
- 2. NO in autonomic ganglia217
- 3. Role of NO in the neural control of the vasculature and the heart224
- 4. Role of NO in the neural control of the gastrointestinal tract232
- 5. Role of NO in the neural control of the trachea and lower airways240
- 6. Role of NO in the neural control of salivary glands and other secretory tissues242
- 7. Role of NO in the innervation of the adrenal medulla245
- 8. Overview of peripheral autonomic NO neurones248
- 9. Acknowledgements249
- 10. References249
- Chapter VIII. The nitric oxide system in the urogenital tract267
- 1. The urinary tract267
- 2. The genital tract282
- 3. Acknowledgements301
- 4. References301
- Chapter IX. Response of nitric oxide synthase to neuronal injury315
- 1. Introduction315
- 2. Injury-induced expression of NOS316
- 3. Co-expression of NOS with other injury-relevant components326
- 4. Age-related expression of NOS in injured neurons328
- 5. Species-related expression of NOS in injured neurons329
- 6. Ultrastructure of injury-induced NOS-positive neurons330
- 7. Regulation of NOS expression in injured neurons334
- 8. Mechanisms of NOS expression in injured neurons338
- 9. Potential roles of NOS expression in neuronal degeneration and regeneration341
- 10. Summary346
- 11. Acknowledgements346
- 12. References347
- Chapter X. Nitric oxide-cGMP signaling in the rat brain355
- 1. Introduction355
- 2. Soluble guanylyl cyclase356
- 3. Phosphodiesterase activity and the termination of the NO–cGMP signal357
- 4. cGMP immunocytochemistry358
- 5. Immunocytochemical localization of NOS and NO-mediated cGMP synthesis359
- 6. Localization of cGMP in the cerebellum384
- 7. NO–cGMP signaling in other vertebrates389
- 8. NO–cGMP signaling in the rat brain during development390
- 9. Colocalization of cGMP with neurotransmitter systems in the rat brain395
- 10. Abbreviations405
- 11. Acknowledgements405
- 12. References406
- Chapter XI. Invertebrate models for studying NO-mediated signaling417
- 1. Introduction417
- 2. Components of the NO signaling pathway in invertebrates418
- 3. Developmental roles of NO/cGMP signaling for invertebrates419
- 4. The role of NO in feeding behavior428
- 5. The role of NO in regulating rhythmic motor networks429
- 6. NO and nociception435
- 7. NO as a potential blood-borne neurohormone436
- 8. Acknowledgements438
- 9. References438
- Subject Index443
This volume of the Handbook of Neuroanatomy is concerned with nitric oxide synthase. In this volume different research areas are presented together, which adds up to the first major review volume on the localization of nitric oxide synthase in the nervous system. The subjects range from developmental aspects in vertebrates to a functional neuroanatomy of the nervous system in vertebrates. This presentation gives an impressive look on the overwhelming presence of NOS in animal organism and the significance of NO - cGMP signaling. By clearly stating the limitations of our present knowledge the book is also a stimulant for further research.
This book presents for the first time an overview of NOS and NO-cGMP signaling in the retina and urogenital system. In addition the effects if injuries on the expression of NOS are summarized in a number of models, which has not been done before.
The frame of the book is a classical neuroanatomic description of the localization of NOS. Several authors give detailed advice to prevent pitfalls which may occur when different methods to locate NOS are used. In addition, several chapters detail the target structures for NO while describing the localization of NOS at the same time.
All these points together make this volume very timely, i.e. overviewing a decade of NO research.
This book presents for the first time an overview of NOS and NO-cGMP signaling in the retina and urogenital system. In addition the effects if injuries on the expression of NOS are summarized in a number of models, which has not been done before.
The frame of the book is a classical neuroanatomic description of the localization of NOS. Several authors give detailed advice to prevent pitfalls which may occur when different methods to locate NOS are used. In addition, several chapters detail the target structures for NO while describing the localization of NOS at the same time.
All these points together make this volume very timely, i.e. overviewing a decade of NO research.