Elsevier S & T

Genetics of Sexual Differentiation and Sexually Dimorphic Behaviors

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Table of contents

Copyright Pageiv
Contentsv
Contributorsix
Prefacexi
Chapter 1: Genetic Control of Sex Differences in C. elegans Neurobiology and Behavior1
I. Introduction2
A. Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for sex differences in nervous system structure and function2
II. Main Text4
A. Sex determination and differentiation in C. elegans4
B. The C. elegans nervous system7
C. Sexual dimorphism in the C. elegans nervous system8
D. Sex differences in C. elegans behavior22
III. Conclusions29
A. Genetics of sex-specific neural development29
B. Genetics of sex-specific behavior30
C. Relevance for vertebrate systems30
Acknowledgments31
References31
Chapter 2: The Neural and Genetic Substrates of Sexual Behavior in Drosophila39
I. Hypothesis on the Master Control Gene for Behavior40
II. Discovery of fru Mutants and Their Phenotypic Characteristics42
III. Molecular Biology of fru Locus49
IV. Cellular Basis of fru Functions in Male Courtship Behavior53
V. Conclusions58
Acknowledgments59
References59
Chapter 3: Sexual Differentiation of the Vocal Control System of Birds67
I. Introduction68
II. Sex-Specific and Sex-Typical Vocalizations70
III. The Endocrinology of Birds' Vocalization72
IV. Steroid Sensitivity of the Vocal Control System of Afferent Auditory Regions and Modulatory Syst75
A. The anatomy of avian vocal control networks75
B. Steroid sensitivity of avian vocal control networks77
C. Steroid sensitivity of avian vocal control networks is qualitatively similar in both sexes83
V. Sexual Dimorphisms of the Vocal Control System of Songbirds84
A. Relation of sexual differentiation of vocal areas size and vocal behavior85
VI. Sexual Differentiation of the Vocal Control System of Songbirds87
A. Brain-intrinsic mechanisms87
B. Endocrine mechanisms89
VII. Sexual Differentiation of Vocal Control Areas in Adulthood91
References94
Chapter 4: Gene Regulation as a Modulator of Social Preference in Voles107
I. Introduction108
A. Monogamy in mammals108
B. Historical perspective109
II. Oxytocin and Pair Bonding in Voles110
A. Oxytocin110
B. Comparative analysis110
III. Vasopressin and Pair Bonding in Voles111
A. Vasopressin111
B. Comparative analysis112
C. V1aR in the ventral pallidum112
D. Ventral forebrain reward pathways113
E. Note of caution113
IV. Gene Regulation in Male Species-Typical Behavior: Evolutionary Tuning Knobs114
A. Comparative genetics114
B. Transgenic mouse114
C. Functional microsatellite115
D. Intraspecific variation116
E. Knobs and switches120
V. Sexual Dimorphism121
VI. Coda122
Definitions123
Acknowledgments123
References123
Chapter 5: Genetic Basis for MHC-Dependent Mate Choice129
I. Introduction130
II. The MHC130
III. Mouse Mating Preferences131
IV. Functions of MHC-Mediated Mating Preference132
V. Familial Imprinting Determines H-2 Selective Mating Preferences133
A. Choice by the male133
B. Choice by the female134
VI. Pregnancy Block134
VII. Parent-Infant Recognition135
VIII. Chemosensory Discrimination136
A. MHC variation and body odor136
B. The chemical code137
IX. MHC-Dependent Mating Preferences in Other Taxa137
X. HLA: Odortypes and Mate Selection in Humans138
XI. Conclusions and Implications for Future Work139
References140
Chapter 6: Molecular Biology of Peptide Pheromone Production and Reception in Mice147
I. Introduction148
II. Intraspecies Effects of Volatile Pheromones in Mice150
III. Peptides and Proteins as Social Signals in Mice151
IV. The Exocrine Gland-Secreting Peptide Family in Mice152
A. The search for a VNO ligand152
B. Genomic organization of the ESP family155
C. Sexual dimorphism of he ESP family157
D. Implications in the vomeronasal system157
V. Molecular Biology of Pheromone Reception157
A. V1R-type receptors158
B. V2R-type receptors159
C. Olfactory receptors for pheromones160
VI. Pheromone Signals to the Brain162
VII. Pheromones and Evolution163
VIII. Concluding Remarks165
Acknowledgments166
References166
Chapter 7: Environmental Programming of Phenotypic Diversity in Female Reproductive Strategies173
I. Introduction174
A. Sexual differentiation175
II. Main Text178
A. Phenotypic plasticity in reproduction178
B. Parental investment and sexual selection179
C. Life history and reproduction181
D. Phenotypic variation in reproduction182
E. Parental effects on life history strategies184
F. Phenotypic variation in human female reproductive development188
G. Environmental adversity and reproductive development190
H. Environmental adversity and sexual maturation192
I. Parental care and reproductive development196
J. Maternal effects on HPG function and mating behavior200
K. Molecular mechanisms202
III. Conclusion204
Acknowledgments205
References205
Chapter 8: Genomic Imprinting and the Evolution of Sex Differences in Mammalian Reproductive Strateg217
I. Introduction218
II. Placental Regulation of Maternal Endocrine Function and Behavior220
III. Genomic Imprinting: Coadaptive Evolution of Brain and Placenta222
IV. Genomic Imprinting, Hypothalamic Development, and Behavior226
V. Sex Differences in the Rodent VNO Pathway228
VI. Brain Evolution and Behavior: A Role for Genomic Imprinting231
VII. Conclusions237
References239
Chapter 9: Sex Differences in Brain and Behavior: Hormones Versus Genes245
I. Role of SRY in Sex Determination246
II. Male and Female Brains are Different247
III. The Central DOGMA of Sexual Differentiation247
IV. Sex Hormones in Brain Sexual Differentiation248
V. Exceptions to the DOGMA248
VI. Evidence for a Direct Role of SRY in the Brain250
VII. Sexual Orientation is a Sexually Dimorphic Trait251
VIII. Homosexual Brains are Different253
IX. The Role of Prenatal Androgen Exposure on.Sexual.Orientation: Myth or Reality?254
X. Indirect Hormonal Measures255
XI. The Genetics of Sexual Orientation256
References260
Index267

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780120176601
ISBN-13 9780080551609

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The field of genetics is rapidly evolving and new medical breakthroughs are occuring as a result of advances in knowledge of genetics. This series continually publishes imporatnt reviews of the broadest interest to geneticists and their colleagues in affiliated disciplines.

* Nine chapters on the most advanced research on the differentiating behaviors among sexes
* More than 300 pages of articles from leading international scientists, this volume offers genetic behaviorial information related to drosophila, mice, birds, voles, and mammals
* Hot topics include sex differences in brain and behavior; genomic imprinting and the evolution of sex differences; gene regulation; peptide pheromone production and reception, and more

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