Glucose Metabolism in the Brain
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Table of contents
- Copyright Pageiv
- Contentsv
- Contributorsxi
- Prefacexiii
- Chapter 1. Energy Metabolism in the Brain1
- I. Introduction2
- II. Pathways and Regulation of Glucose Utilization3
- III. Relation Between Glucose Utilization and Function36
- IV. In vitro Studies of Stimulatory Mechanisms57
- V. Concluding Remarks77
- References.81
- Chapter 2. The Cerebral Glucose-Fatty Acid Cycle: Evolutionary Roots, Regulation, and (Patho)physiol103
- I. Introduction.103
- II. Energy Homeostasis and the Glucose-Fatty Acid Cycle104
- III. The Evolutionary Roots of the Glucose-FA Cycle105
- IV. The Regulation of Brain Energy Homeostasis107
- V. (Patho)physiological Importance of the Glucose-FA Cycle121
- VI. Conclusion131
- References132
- Chapter 3. Expression, Regulation, and Functional Role of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs) in Brain159
- I. Introduction159
- II. Structure of GLUTs162
- III. Survey of GLUT Distribution in the Brain164
- IV. Regulation of Glucose Transport in Brain167
- V. Conditions Associated with Modulation of GLUT Expression in Brain.173
- References177
- Chapter 4. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Promotes Neuronal Glucose Utilization During Brain Developme189
- I. Introduction189
- II. The Insulin/IGF System190
- III. IGF/Insulin System Expression in the Brain192
- IV. IGF-1 and Brain Glucose Utilization200
- V. Effects of Transgenic IGF-1 Overexpression in Brain207
- VI. IGF-1 in the Primate Brain208
- VII. Summary209
- VIII. Future Directions211
- References212
- Chapter 5. CNS Sensing and Regulation of Peripheral Glucose Levels219
- I. Introduction219
- II. Where is Glucose Sensed?220
- III. How is Glucose Sensed?223
- IV. Why is Glucose Sensed?234
- V. How is Glucosensing Altered in Disease States?237
- VI. Summary and Conclusions240
- References241
- Chapter 6. Glucose Transporter Protein Syndromes259
- I. Introduction259
- II. Review of Glucose Metabolism and Transport260
- III. Human Diseases Associated with Defects of Glucose Transport263
- IV. Concluding Remarks281
- V. Future Directions282
- References284
- Chapter 7. Glucose, Stress, and Hippocampal Neuronal Vulnerability289
- I. Introduction.290
- II. Streptozotocin Diabetes as a Model of Increased Allostatic/Homeostatic Load293
- III. Diabetes, Stress, and Neuronal Glucose Homeostasis296
- IV. Stress, Diabetes, and Hippocampal Neuronal Activity: Behavioral Consequences303
- V. Future Perspectives311
- References314
- Chapter 8. Glucose/Mitochondria in Neurological Conditions325
- I. Introduction326
- II. Glucose Transport332
- III. Glycolysis333
- IV. The PDHC335
- V. The Krebs TCA Cycle338
- VI. Anaplerosis345
- VII. Disorders of the Electron Transport Chain346
- VIII. Impaired Mitochondrial Function in Other Disorders355
- IX. Summary and Conclusions365
- References365
- Chapter 9. Energy Utilization in the Ischemic/Reperfused Brain377
- I. Introduction377
- II. The Normoxic, Normoglycemic Brain378
- III. Metabolism in the Ischemic/Reperfused Brain383
- IV. Hyperglycemia, Diabetes, and Ischemic Injury395
- V. Insulin’s Effects on Ischemic Injury401
- VI. Conclusions and Future Directions403
- References404
- Chapter 10. Diabetes Mellitus and the Central Nervous System415
- I. Introduction416
- II. DM and Stroke416
- III. Hypoglycemia and the Brain421
- IV. Brain Damage from Hypoglycemia428
- V. Effects of Profound Hypoglycemia Upon Neurochemistry430
- VI. Physiological Adaptations of the Brain to Hyper- and Hypoglycemia431
- VII. Altered Neurotransmitter Metabolism in Diabetes and Hypoglycemia434
- VIII. DM and Epilepsy436
- IX. Effects of Uncontrolled Diabetes and Hypoglycemia on Cognitive Performance438
- X. Future Research Directions441
- References443
- Chapter 11. Diabetes, the Brain, and Behavior: Is There a Biological Mechanism Underlying the Associ455
- I. Introduction455
- II. Background457
- III. Diabetes and Psychiatric Illness458
- IV. Diabetes and Cognition465
- V. Diabetes, Brain Structure, and Brain Function467
- VI. Depression, Brain Structure, and Function470
- VII. Testing the Model: Preliminary Evidence471
- VIII. Summary472
- References473
- Chapter 12. Schizophrenia and Diabetes481
- I. Introduction481
- II. Schizophrenia and DM481
- III. Genetics of Diabetes and Schizophrenia482
- IV. Tardive Dyskinesia484
- V. Conventional Antipsychotic Agents and Diabetes485
- VI. Atypical Antipsychotic Agents and DM486
- VII. Mechanisms of Glucose Metabolism Impairment by Antipsychotic Agents.489
- VIII. Cognition and Schizophrenia491
- IX. The Role of Neurotransmitter Systems493
- X. Conclusions495
- References496
- Chapter 13. Psychoactive Drugs Affect Glucose Transport and the Regulation of Glucose Metabolism503
- I. Introduction503
- II. Regulation of Glucose Transport504
- III. Modulation of Glucose Transport by Psychoactive Drugs505
- IV. Inhibition of Glucose Transport and Hyperglycemia514
- V. Drug-Binding Site on GLUTs518
- VI. Endogenous Molecules That Regulate Glucose Transport520
- VII. Future Directions521
- References523
- Index531
- Contents of Recent Volumes547
Regulation of glucose at the biochemical level affects every area of the brain, and has impact from cellular to behavioral brain function. It plays an important role in diseases such as diabetes, stroke, schizophrenia and drug abuse as well as in normal and dysfunctional memory and cognition. This volume represents a thorough examination of all the major issues that are relevant to glucose metabolism by brain cells in relation to disease, combining basic research and clinical findings in a single, indispensable reference.
Key Features
* Serves as an essential reference on glucose metabolism in the brain
* Presents authoritative accounts by leading researchers in the field
* Includes thorough reviews with provocative sections on future directions
Key Features
* Serves as an essential reference on glucose metabolism in the brain
* Presents authoritative accounts by leading researchers in the field
* Includes thorough reviews with provocative sections on future directions