Elsevier S & T

Gravel Bed Rivers 6: From Process Understanding to River Restoration

Habersack, H.; Piegay, H.; Rinaldi, M.

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Table of contents
  • Cover
  • Contentsix
  • Forewordv
  • List of contributing authorsxiii
  • Part 1: Scales of analysis for gravel-bed rivers1
  • Chapter 1. Multiple scales in rivers3
  • 1. Introduction3
  • 2. Scales, scaling, and parameterization4
  • 3. The scales of turbulent flow5
  • 4. Roughness scales8
  • 5. Scaling sediment transport12
  • 6. Channel scale15
  • 7. Channel pattern18
  • 8. Ecological scales in rivers19
  • 9. Discussion21
  • Acknowledgements25
  • References25
  • Chapter 2. Gravel-bed rivers at the reach scale33
  • 1. Introduction33
  • 2. Some limitations of present theory35
  • 3. Quantifying within-reach variability40
  • 4. Spatially distributed modelling of gravel-bed rivers44
  • 5. Looking ahead48
  • Acknowledgements50
  • References51
  • Chapter 3. Hydrodynamics of gravel-bed rivers: scale issues61
  • 1. Introduction61
  • 2. Velocity spectra in gravel-bed rivers63
  • 3. Scales, hydrodynamic equations, and the double-averaging methodology70
  • 4. Hydrodynamics of gravel-bed flows: double-averaging perspective73
  • 5. Conclusions79
  • Acknowledgements79
  • References79
  • Part 2: Analysis of processes at point and local scales83
  • Chapter 4. Pressure- and velocity-measurements above and within a porous gravel bed at the threshold85
  • 1. Introduction85
  • 2. Background86
  • 3. Experiments87
  • 4. Results93
  • 5. Conclusions103
  • References104
  • Chapter 5. Evaluating vertical velocities between the stream and the hyporheic zone from temperature109
  • 1. Introduction109
  • 2. Experimental setup and data analysis111
  • 3. Results117
  • 4. Discussion122
  • 5. Conclusion126
  • References126
  • Chapter 6. Bifurcations in gravel-bed streams133
  • 1. Introduction133
  • 2. The onset of braiding through chute cutoff137
  • 3. Laboratory investigation on the equilibrium configurations of a bifurcation140
  • 4. The theoretical model of Bolla Pittaluga et al. (2003)146
  • 5. Channel bifurcations with erodible banks150
  • 6. Concluding remarks156
  • Acknowledgments156
  • References157
  • Chapter 7. The importance of floods for bed topography and bed sediment composition: numerical model161
  • 1. Introduction161
  • 2. Numerical model164
  • 3. Results and analysis169
  • 4. Discussion and conclusion175
  • Acknowledgements176
  • Appendix 1: List of symbols176
  • References177
  • Chapter 8. Review of effects of large floods in resistant-boundary channels181
  • 1. Introduction181
  • 2. Variables influencing the geomorphic role of floods in resistant-boundary channels183
  • 3. Geomorphic effects of floods190
  • 4. Ecological effects of floods192
  • 5. Implications of flood effectiveness for channel management and restoration193
  • 6. The geomorphic role of floods revisited196
  • Acknowledgements200
  • References200
  • Chapter 9. Modelling river-bank-erosion processes and mass failure mechanisms: progress towards full213
  • 1. Introduction213
  • 2. Modelling fluvial erosion216
  • 3. Modelling river bank failures220
  • 4. Concluding discussion: Modelling hydraulic and geotechnical interactions228
  • Acknowledgements234
  • References235
  • Chapter 10. Adjustment of the bed surface size distribution of gravel-bed rivers in response to cycl241
  • 1. Introduction242
  • 2. Summary of the configuration and the essential result245
  • 3. Quantification of the configuration246
  • 4. Exner equation of sediment conservation247
  • 5. Flow hydraulics248
  • 6. Surface-based bedload transport formulation249
  • 7. Flow of the calculation250
  • 8. Outline of and input for the numerical runs251
  • 9. Results for constant flow at mobile-bed equilibrium253
  • 10. Results for cycled hydrographs: formation and significance of the hydrograph boundary layer255
  • 11. Comparison of results for constant flow versus cycled hydrograph265
  • 12. A simpler model for the hydrograph boundary layer270
  • 13. Caveats280
  • 14. Conclusions281
  • Notations282
  • Acknowledgements284
  • References285
  • Chapter 11. Bed load transport and streambed structure in gravel streams291
  • 1. Introduction291
  • 2. Brief historical account292
  • 3. Recent developments293
  • 4. A bed load model that accounts for fractional sediment transport297
  • 5. Streambed structure304
  • 6. Conclusions305
  • Acknowledgment306
  • References306
  • Part 3: Basin scale: sediment delivery and storage313
  • Chapter 12. Non-stationarity of basin scale sediment delivery in response to climate change315
  • 1. Introduction315
  • 2. Method318
  • 3. Results319
  • 4. Discussion322
  • 5. Conclusions329
  • Acknowledgements329
  • References329
  • Chapter 13. Changes in basin-scale sediment supply and transfer in a rapidly transformed New Zealand337
  • 1. Introduction338
  • 2. Area description340
  • 3. Results344
  • 4. Discussion and conclusions351
  • Acknowledgements353
  • References353
  • Chapter 14. Two model scenarios illustrating the effects of land use and climate change on gravel ri359
  • 1. Introduction359
  • 2. Regional setting360
  • 3. Methods361
  • 4. Results371
  • 5. Discussion376
  • 6. Conclusions379
  • Acknowledgments380
  • References380
  • Chapter 15. Spatial and temporal variability in stream sediment loads using examples from the Gros V387
  • 1. Introduction388
  • 2. Study sites389
  • 3. Methods393
  • 4. Results395
  • 5. Discussion and conclusions403
  • References404
  • Chapter 16. Sediment organisation along the upper Hunter River, Australia: a multivariate statistica409
  • 1. Introduction409
  • 2. Regional setting413
  • 3. Field methodology416
  • 4. Data analysis methodology420
  • 5. Results423
  • 6. Reach hydraulics: frequency of inundation and mobilising flows428
  • 7. Discussion428
  • 8. Conclusion437
  • Acknowledgements437
  • References437
  • Chapter 17. The evolution of sediment waves influenced by varying transport capacity in heterogeneou443
  • 1. Introduction444
  • 2. Evolution of sediment waves444
  • 3. Transport capacity and storage: spatial and temporal patterns of transmitting changes in sediment455
  • 4. Conclusions464
  • Acknowledgments465
  • References466
  • Chapter 18. Sediment storage and transport in coarse bed streams: scale considerations473
  • 1. Introduction473
  • 2. Bedform classification475
  • 3. Field site description480
  • 4. Bed state and sediment mobility481
  • 5. Storage and mobility at the channel unit scale485
  • 6. Sediment storage at the reach scale487
  • 7.Sediment storage at the channel scale: the role of LWD491
  • 8. Conclusions493
  • Acknowledgements494
  • References494
  • Part 4: Channel change and instability499
  • Chapter 19. Ecological responses to anthropogenic alterations of gravel-bed rivers in Japan, from fl501
  • 1. Introduction501
  • 2. Dynamic states of a braided river: shifting habitat mosaic in segment scale503
  • 3. Lateral variation of river morphology and habitat diversity: reach scale508
  • 4. Interstitial space of gravel beds: microhabitat scale514
  • 5. Conclusion517
  • References518
  • Chapter 20. A review on channel incision in the Polish Carpathian rivers during the 20th century525
  • 1. Introduction525
  • 2. Physical setting and historical background527
  • 3. Study methods528
  • 4. Amount of the 20th-century incision of the Polish Carpathian rivers529
  • 5. Causes of the channel incision530
  • 6. Spatial variation in the course and timing of channel incision537
  • 7. Importance of the main incision drivers541
  • 8. Effects of the channel incision543
  • 9. Concluding remarks548
  • Acknowledgements550
  • References550
  • Chapter 21. Contemporary morphological change in braided gravel-bed rivers: new developments from fi557
  • 1. Introduction558
  • 2. Riparian vegetation effects on channel processes and properties: a brief review559
  • 3. The lower Waitaki River: changed drivers and morphologic response561
  • 4. Measuring and mapping 3D morphological change in the Waimakariri River567
  • 5. Laboratory studies of vegetation effects on braided morphology575
  • 6. Discussion577
  • 7. Conclusions580
  • Acknowledgements581
  • References581
  • Chapter 22. The floods of August 22–23, 2005, in Switzerland: some facts and challenges587
  • 1. Introduction587
  • 2. Meteorological situation587
  • 3. Overview588
  • 4. An example of channel avulsion589
  • 5. Emergency services and interventions590
  • 6. The Lütschine River590
  • 7. Reuss and Schächen rivers591
  • 8. Positive examples599
  • 9. Mountain stream morphology600
  • 10. Flood occurrence and design flood601
  • 11. Conclusions602
  • References602
  • Part 5:Ecohydrology and ecohydraulics605
  • Chapter 23. Reservoir operations, physical processes, and ecosystem losses607
  • 1. Introduction607
  • 2. Rivers and dams610
  • 3. Conceptual model614
  • 4. Case study: lower Kootenai river619
  • 5. Discussion and conclusions631
  • Acknowledgements632
  • References632
  • Chapter 24. Movements of a macroinvertebrate (Potamophylax latipennis) across a gravel-bed substrate637
  • 1. Introduction638
  • 2. Rationale, aims and approach639
  • 3. Methods641
  • 4. Results645
  • 5. Discussion651
  • 6. Conclusion654
  • Acknowledgements656
  • References657
  • Chapter 25. Hydraulic geometry of stream reaches and ecological implications661
  • 1. Introduction661
  • 2. The hydraulic geometry of stream reaches662
  • 3. Hydraulic geometry of reaches and microhabitat hydraulics664
  • 4. Hydraulic geometry of reaches and reach habitat values for aquatic species668
  • 5. Hydraulic geometry of reaches and actual communities670
  • 6. Discussion: hydraulic geometry as a tool for large-scale ecological modelling672
  • Acknowledgements673
  • References673
  • Chapter 26. Gravel bars: a key habitat of gravel-bed rivers for vegetation677
  • 1. Introduction677
  • 2. The River Tagliamento case study681
  • 3. The River Tummel case study689
  • 4. Discussion of case studies694
  • 5. Conclusion698
  • References698
  • Part 6: River management and restoration701
  • Chapter 27. River restoration in the Alps and their surroundings: past experience and future challen703
  • 1. Introduction704
  • 2. Problem statement: the human impact in an Alpine context705
  • 3. Currently applied restoration measures714
  • 4. Feedback on restoration measures722
  • 5. Conclusions730
  • Acknowledgements730
  • References731
  • Chapter 28. Uncertain restoration of gravel-bed rivers and the role of geomorphology739
  • 1. Introduction739
  • 2. The concept of uncertainty742
  • 3. Significance of uncertainty742
  • 4. Contrasting philosophies towards uncertainty750
  • 5. Where does embracing uncertainty take us?753
  • 6. Conclusions756
  • Acknowledgements757
  • References757
  • Chapter 29. Historical channel modification and floodplain forest decline: implications for conserva763
  • 1. Introduction763
  • 2. Methods765
  • 3. Results767
  • 4. Discussion and conclusions773
  • Acknowledgements775
  • References776
  • Chapter 30. Restoring riverine landscapes at the Drau River: successes and deficits in the context o779
  • 1. Introduction780
  • 2. A river restoration programme: case study of the Drau River783
  • 3. Conclusions and perspectives797
  • Acknowledgements800
  • References801
  • Subject index809
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780444528612
  • ISBN-13 9780080553597
  • Author Habersack, H.; Piegay, H.; Rinaldi, M.
  • Category Science
  • Subject Environmental Science

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Based on the interdisciplinary approaches between earth science, engineering, physical geography, ecology and management, this text focuses on the theoretical questions, case-studies, challenges, and constraints taken from river restoration. It is illustrated with reports of new ground-breaking research covering spatial and temporal scales of physical processes in river catchments, coupling catchment and fluvial processes, grain dynamics and fluvial forms and on geo-ecology and restoration in mountain gravel-bed river environments. Each chapter includes discussions and comments providing experience and feedback from the fundamental research. This book covers scales of analysis for gravel-bed rivers, physics and modeling of processes at local and point scales, sediment delivery and storage, eco-geography and eco-hydraulics, and channel management and restoration.

* Major topics in the field are presented by recognized scientific leaders
* Chapters cover theories, practices, and methodologies in river management and restoration
* Interdisciplinary approach includes case-studies on new, ground-breaking research