Handbook of Fiber Optic Data Communication
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Table of contents
- Contentsvii
- Contributorsxiii
- Preface to the Second Editionxv
- Part 1: The Technology1
- Chapter 1. Optical Fiber, Cable, and Connectors3
- 1.1. Light Propagation3
- 1.2. Optical Fiber Characterization16
- 1.3. Cable Designs26
- 1.4. Connectors29
- 1.5. Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings32
- References38
- Chapter 2. Optical Sources: Light-Emitting Diodes and Laser Technology41
- 2.1. Introduction41
- 2.2. Technology Fundamentals42
- 2.3. Device Structure „ LED50
- 2.4. Device Structure „ Lasers52
- References80
- Chapter 3. Detectors for Fiber Optics89
- 3.1. Introduction89
- 3.2. Detector Terminology and Characteristics90
- 3.3. PN Photodiode95
- 3.4. PIN Photodiode98
- 3.5. Other Detectors106
- 3.6. Noise119
- 3.7. Conclusions124
- References125
- Chapter 4. Logic and Drive Circuitry127
- 4.1. System Overview127
- 4.2. Electrical Interface131
- 4.3. Optical Interface132
- Chapter 5. Optical Subassemblies143
- 5.1. Function of the Optical Subassembly143
- 5.2. Basic Properties of the Transmitter OSA144
- 5.3. Basic Properties of the Receiver OSA145
- 5.4. Coupling Radiation from a Laser Diode into a Fiber146
- 5.5. Coupling Radiation from a Fiber into a Photodetector150
- 5.6. Packaging of Optical Subassemblies152
- 5.7. Optical Subassemblies for Parallel Optical Links154
- 5.8. Outlook156
- References158
- Chapter 6. Fiber Optic Transceivers159
- 6.1. Introduction159
- 6.2. Technical Description of Fiber Optic Transceivers168
- 6.3. The Optical Interface173
- 6.4. Noise Testing of Transceivers182
- 6.5. Packaging of Transceivers (TRX)189
- 6.6. Series Production of Transceivers195
- 6.7. Transceivers Today and Tomorrow201
- 6.8. Parallel Optical Links207
- References213
- Part 2: The Links215
- Chapter 7. Fiber Optic Link Requirements217
- 7.1. Introduction217
- 7.2. Link Budget Planning229
- 7.3. Link Planning Considerations258
- Appendix A: Contact Information for Optoelectronics and Fiber Optics Information276
- Appendix B: Some Accredited Homologation Test Labs285
- References287
- Chapter 8. Planning and Building the Optical Link292
- 8.1. Introduction292
- 8.2. Private Networks293
- 8.3. Standards310
- 8.4. Handling and Installing Fiber Optics320
- References332
- Chapter 9. Testing Fiber Optic Local Area Networks (LANs)333
- 9.1. Fiber Optic Testing Defined333
- 9.2. Practical Considerations335
- 9.3. Component Testing338
- 9.4. Standardization of Testing Procedures339
- 9.5. Fiber Optic Test Equipment Needed for Testing339
- 9.6. Measuring Optical Power341
- 9.7. Testing Loss342
- 9.8. Testing Cable Loss344
- 9.9. OTDR Testing346
- 9.10. Troubleshooting Hints for the Cable Plant348
- 9.11. Special Test Considerations for Gigabit Multimode Networks348
- 9.12. Cable Plant Loss with Laser Sources352
- 9.13. Bit Error Ratio Measurements353
- 9.14. Characterizing Digital Communications Waveforms356
- 9.15. Testing and Troubleshooting Networks361
- 9.16. Transceiver Loopback Testing363
- 9.17. Conclusion363
- Part 3: The Applications365
- Chapter 10. Introduction to Industry Standards367
- 10.1. Introduction367
- 10.2. Why Are International Standards Needed?369
- 10.3. ISO370
- 10.4. An Introduction to ANSI370
- 10.5. IEEE 802.3z (Gigabit Ethernet)374
- Chapter 11. Intramachine Communications379
- 11.1. Introduction379
- 11.2. Current Intramachine Optics Applications381
- 11.3. System Area Networks383
- 11.4. SAN Physical Layer Technology Requirements389
- 11.5. Copper vs Optical: Technology Trade-Offs393
- 11.6. Parallel Optical Interconnect Hardware398
- 11.7. Examples of Parallel Optical Interconnect Links419
- 11.8. Conclusions431
- References432
- Chapter 12. Applications: Asynchronous Transfer Mode and Synchronous Optical Network435
- 12.1. Introduction435
- 12.2. SONET441
- 12.3. ATM450
- References463
- Chapter 13. Fibre Channel Standard464
- 13.1. Introduction464
- 13.2. Overview465
- 13.3. Storage Area Networks498
- 13.4. How Fibre Channel Leverages Optical Data Communications498
- 13.5. Summary503
- Web Resources and References503
- Chapter 14. Enterprise Systems Connection Fiber Optic Link506
- 14.1. Introduction506
- 14.2. ESCON System Overview508
- 14.3. ESCON Link Design515
- 14.4. Multimode Physical Layer523
- 14.5. Single-Mode Physical Layer529
- 14.6. Planning and Installation of an ESCON Link535
- 14.7. Loss Budget Analysis546
- 14.8. Link Troubleshooting551
- 14.9. Additional Aspects556
- References562
- Chapter 15. Local Area Networks, Fiber Distributed Data Interface, Ethernet, and Token Ring564
- 15.1. Introduction564
- 15.2. Fast Ethernet565
- 15.3. Gigabit Ethernet571
- 15.4. VG-Any LAN572
- 15.5. FDDI587
- 15.6. FDDI-II598
- References599
- Part 4: The Manufacturing Technology601
- Chapter 16. Semiconductor Laser and Light-Emitting Diode Fabrication603
- 16.1. Introduction603
- 16.2. LED Fabrication603
- 16.3. Material Growth „ Lasers605
- 16.4. Device Processing616
- 16.5. Conclusion642
- References644
- Chapter 17. Receiver, Laser Driver, and Phase-Locked Loop Design Issues655
- 17.1. Introduction655
- 17.2. Fiber Optic Receivers655
- 17.3. Laser Drivers658
- 17.4. Clock Recovery and PLLs664
- 17.5. Conclusion673
- References673
- Chapter 18. Packaging Assembly Techniques675
- 18.1. Packaging Assembly „ Overview675
- 18.2. First-Level Interconnects677
- 18.3. Package Types688
- 18.4. Package to Board Attach692
- 18.5. Optical Interconnect695
- References698
- Chapter 19. Alignment Metrology and Techniques699
- 19.1. Introduction699
- 19.2. Interface Definition and Importance699
- 19.3. Light Coupling701
- 19.4. Elements of Coupled Power703
- 19.5. Alignment Techniques715
- 19.6. Conclusion730
- References732
- Appendix A: Measurement Conversion Tables735
- Appendix B: Physical Constants737
- Appendix C: Index of Professional Organizations738
- Appendix D: OSI Model740
- Appendix E: Network Standards and Documents741
- Appendix F: Data Network Rates744
- Appendix G: Other Datacom Developments754
- Acronyms759
- Glossary778
- Index803
The Handbook includes chapters on all the major industry standards, quick reference tables, helpful appendices, plus a new glossary and list of acronyms. This practical handbook can stand alone or as a companion volume to DeCusatis: Fiber Optic Data Communication: Technological Advances and Trends (February 2002, ISBN: 0-12-207892-6), which was developed in tandem with this book.
* Includes emerging technologies such as Infiniband, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, and MPLS Optical Switching
* Describes leading edge commercial products, including LEAF and MetroCore fibers, dense wavelength multiplexing, and Small Form Factor transceiver packages
* Covers all major industry standards, often written by the same people who designed the standards themselves
* Includes an expanded listing of references on the World Wide Web, plus hard-to-find references for international, homologation, and type approval requirements
* Convenient tables of key optical datacom parameters and glossary with hundreds of definitions and acronyms
* Industry buzzwords explained, including SAN, NAS, and MAN networking
* Datacom market analysis and future projections from industry leading forecasters
* Includes emerging technologies such as Infiniband, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, and MPLS Optical Switching
* Describes leading edge commercial products, including LEAF and MetroCore fibers, dense wavelength multiplexing, and Small Form Factor transceiver packages
* Covers all major industry standards, often written by the same people who designed the standards themselves
* Includes an expanded listing of references on the World Wide Web, plus hard-to-find references for international, homologation, and type approval requirements
* Convenient tables of key optical datacom parameters and glossary with hundreds of definitions and acronyms
* Industry buzzwords explained, including SAN, NAS, and MAN networking
* Datacom market analysis and future projections from industry leading forecasters