Handbook of Multicultural Mental Health: Assessment and Treatment of Diverse Populations
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Table of contents
- Contentsvii
- Contributorsxix
- Prefacexxiii
- PART I: Overview Theory, Models, and Demographics1
- Chapter 1. Culture and Mental Health: An Introduction and Overview of Foundations, Concepts, and Iss3
- I. Introduction3
- II. Overview of Culture and Mental Health Questions, Concepts, and Issues11
- References22
- Chapter 2. Cultural Models of Health and Illness25
- I. Culture and Meaning27
- II. Social Differentiation and Culture29
- III. Objectivity and Subjectivity29
- IV. The Role of Culture in Health and Illness30
- V. Schemata and Cognitive Processes32
- VI. Psyche and Soma: The Mind–Body Distinction in Western Medicine33
- VII. Culture, Emotion, and Health34
- VIII. Cultural versus Psychological Determinism38
- IX. A New Cultural Public Health39
- References41
- Chapter 3. Acculturation and Mental Health: Ecological Transactional Relations of Adjustment45
- I. Introduction45
- II. Culture Defined47
- III. Acculturation Defined47
- IV. Acculturation Processes48
- V. Culture and Mental Health48
- VI. Modes of Acculturation50
- VII. Culture Conflict52
- VIII. Acculturative Stress52
- IX. Acculturation and Psychological Adjustment54
- X. Acculturation and Clinical Manifestations of Illness55
- XI. Empirical Findings of Acculturation and Mental Health56
- XII. Ecological Interventions in Mental Health58
- References60
- Chapter 4. Gender as Subculture: The First Division of Multicultural Diversity63
- I. Key Terms and Definitions64
- II. Types of Gender-Role Con.ict among Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups65
- III. Implications of Gender-Role Conflict for Assessment and Treatment of Mental Health and Adjustme72
- IV. Summary and Conclusions75
- References76
- Chapter 5. Multicultural Demographic Developments: Current and Future Trends79
- I. Introduction79
- II. Hispanic Americans82
- III. American Indians85
- IV. African Americans87
- V. Asian Americans90
- VI. Conclusions92
- References93
- PART II: Methodology95
- Chapter 6. Culture and Methodology in Personality Assessment97
- I. Eurocentric Bias: Reality Construction and a Belief System Undergirding Research98
- II. Bias in Standard Psychological Tests107
- III. Discussion114
- IV. Peroration116
- References117
- Chapter 7. Test Translation and Cultural Equivalence Methodologies for Use with Diverse Populations121
- I. Introduction121
- II. Guidelines of the International Test Commission123
- III. Linguistic Equivalence123
- IV. Item and Scale Equivalence126
- V. Normative Equivalence127
- VI. Technical Equivalence128
- VII. Clinical Equivalence129
- VIII. Reliability and Validity of Translated Tests130
- IX. Methodology Illustrations for Translated Tests131
- X. Conclusions133
- References134
- PART III: Assessment and Treatment137
- Chapter 8. Culture-Bound Syndromes, Cultural Variations, and Psychopathology139
- I. Adjustment Disorders142
- II. Anxiety Disorders143
- III. Attention-Deficit and Disruptive Disorders145
- IV. Delusional Disorders146
- V. Dissociative Disorders146
- VI. Eating Disorders147
- VII. Mental Retardation and Learning Disorders147
- VIII. Mood Disorders148
- IX. Personality Disorders149
- X. Pica and Selective Mutism152
- XI. Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders152
- XII. Sexual Dysfunctions and Paraphilias152
- XIII. Sleep Disorders153
- XIV. Somatoform Disorders153
- XV. Substance-Related Disorders155
- XVI. Difficulties in Distinguishing Psychopathology from Culture- Related Conditions156
- XVII. Guidelines to Distinguish Psychopathology from Culture - Related Conditions158
- XVIII. DSM-IV Cultural Variations and Culturally Sensitive V-Codes159
- XIX. DSM-IV Outline for Cultural Formulation163
- XX. A Final Thought166
- References167
- Chapter 9. Assessing and Treating Asian Americans: Recent Advances171
- I. Introduction171
- II. Phenomenology of Distress173
- III. Preparation: A Guide to Approaching the Literature177
- IV. Cultural Assessment182
- V. Treatment187
- VI. Conclusion190
- References190
- Chapter 10. Mental Health Assessment and Treatment of African Americans: A Multicultural Perspective195
- I. Sociodemographic Description195
- II. Mental Health Needs196
- III. Multicultural Assessment and Treatment Practices198
- IV. Conclusions about Multicultural Assessment and Treatment Practices for African Americans206
- References207
- Chapter 11. Assessing and Treating Latinos: Overview of Research209
- I. Learning from the Past210
- II. Current Models211
- III. Moving beyond Stereotypes212
- IV. Latino Cultural Self-Construal214
- V. Assessing the Cultural Being216
- VI. Culturally Approved Illness Manifestation218
- VII. Service Utilization218
- VIII. Where DoWe Go from Here?219
- IX. Conclusion220
- References220
- Chapter.12. Assessing and Treating American Indians and Alaska Natives225
- I. General Factors That Might Impact Assessment and Treatment226
- II. Speci.c Assessment and Treatment Suggestions237
- III. Conclusion245
- References245
- Chapter 13. Multicultural Issues in Treating Clients with HIV/AIDS from the African American, Americ249
- I. The Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS250
- II. Multicultural Issues across Culturally Diverse Clients with HIV/AIDS256
- III. Summary and Additional Thoughts274
- References276
- Chapter 14. The History, Current Status, and Future of Multicultural Psychotherapy279
- I. Cultural Considerations in Traditional Theories280
- II. Multicultural Counseling and Supervision Competencies282
- III. Universal versus Culture-Speci.c Debate284
- IV. A Multicultural Metatheory286
- V. Four Multicultural Approaches287
- VI. The MulticulturalWorldview: The Future292
- VII. The Multicultural Psychotherapist as Social Engineer296
- VIII. Research Considerations in the Advancement298
- IX. Conclusion303
- References303
- Chapter 15. Conducting the Cross-Cultural Clinical Interview311
- I. Introduction and General Considerations311
- II. Warm-up and Screening313
- III. Follow-up on Preliminary Impressions316
- IV. Diagnosis and Feedback319
- V. Prognosis and Treatment321
- VI. Conclusion322
- References323
- Chapter 16. The Mental Health of Culturally Diverse Elderly: Research and Clinical Issues325
- I. Who Are the Minority Elderly?326
- II. Factors Influencing the Mental Health of All Older Adults326
- III. Factors Unique to Older Minorities327
- IV. Special Problems for Research and Clinical Care329
- V. Critical Mental Disorders among Older Adults333
- VI. Summary336
- References336
- Chapter 17. Race, Ethnicity, and the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in Adults341
- I. Introduction341
- II. Studies Prior to the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study344
- III. Diagnostic Community Surveys346
- IV. Issues Likely to In.uence Rates Used in Ethnic Comparisons353
- References355
- Chapter 18. Depression and Suicidal Behaviors among Adolescents: The Role of Ethnicity359
- I. Ethnicity and Adolescent Depression360
- II. Ethnicity and Adolescent Suicide Behaviors366
- III. Ethnicity as an Etiologic Agent376
- IV. Conclusions379
- References380
- Chapter 19. Culturally Competent Use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 with Minor389
- I. To What Extent Is the MMPI-2 Used with American Ethnic Minorities?390
- II. What Are the Trends of MMPI-2 Research with Minorities?391
- III. What Types of Research Still Need to Be Considered with the MMPI-2?400
- IV. What Defines a Culturally Competent Approach with the MMPI-2?401
- V. Case Studies with the MMPI-2405
- VI. Concluding Remarks412
- References412
- Chapter 20. Neuropsychological Assessment of Ethnic Minorities: Clinical Issues419
- I. Objectives and Development of a Culturally Sensitive Clinical Neuropsychology420
- II. Neuropsychological Evaluation of the Culturally Dissimilar Person423
- III. Future Perspectives in the Assessment of Culturally Dissimilar Patients430
- IV. Conclusion432
- References433
- PART IV: Training in Cultural Competence437
- Chapter 21. Limitations of the Multicultural Approach to Psychotherapy with Diverse Clients439
- I. Minority Clients’ Race or Ethnicity Is Necessarily Related to the Presenting Problem440
- II. Non-White Cultures Are Infallible441
- III. Race and Ethnicity Are Stronger Predictors of Behavior Than Social Class443
- IV. In a Multicultural Therapy Situation, Therapists Are White and Clients are Non-White Minorities444
- V. Racism and Prejudice Are Unique Characteristics of White Therapists445
- VI. Psychology Is Irrelevant to ‘‘Minorities’’447
- VII. Conclusion448
- References450
- Chapter 22. Responding to the Challenge: Preparing Mental Health Professionals for the New Millenniu455
- I. Demographic Trends of the United States455
- II. Etic and Emic Approaches to Multicultural Clinical Services458
- III. Commonalities among Diversities461
- IV. Speci.c Multicultural Curriculum and Training Issues468
- V. Concluding Remarks475
- References476
- Index477
Clinicians and mental health practitioners are regularly called upon to treat patients of diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Not only do these patients differ from Anglos in culture and language, but also in customs, beliefs, values, and practices. Understanding these differences is vital to performing an accurate diagnosis/assessment of psychopathology as well as in determining an effective treatment regimen.
This book provides vital information to clinicians worldwide in bettering their treatment of diverse populations. Each chapter identifies relevant cultural variables specific to each racial/ethnic group, along with ethnocultural measures and their relevant psychometric properties. Part 1 presents introductory material on the definition of mental illness and pathological behavior in differing cultures, epidemiological data on the prevalence of different disorders between differing population groups, culture specific beliefs (e.g. hexes), and the influence of culture on treatment. Part 2 discusses assessment issues including how specific measures (Rorschach, MMPI, etc.) are best interpreted with different population groups, and the existence and use of ethnocultural specific measures. Part 3 discusses assessment and treatment of specific population groups (e.g., Indians, Asians, Latinos, etc.).
This book provides vital information to clinicians worldwide in bettering their treatment of diverse populations. Each chapter identifies relevant cultural variables specific to each racial/ethnic group, along with ethnocultural measures and their relevant psychometric properties. Part 1 presents introductory material on the definition of mental illness and pathological behavior in differing cultures, epidemiological data on the prevalence of different disorders between differing population groups, culture specific beliefs (e.g. hexes), and the influence of culture on treatment. Part 2 discusses assessment issues including how specific measures (Rorschach, MMPI, etc.) are best interpreted with different population groups, and the existence and use of ethnocultural specific measures. Part 3 discusses assessment and treatment of specific population groups (e.g., Indians, Asians, Latinos, etc.).