Elsevier S & T

Handbook of Neurolinguistics

Whitaker, Harry A.; Stemmer, Brigitte

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Table of contents

Cover
Contentsv
Contributorsxix
Prefacexxv
Prologue1
Category-Specific Disorders for Nouns and Verbs: A Very Old and Very New Problem3
Advances in Neurolinguistic Research13
Cerebral Substrate of Language: Ontogenesis, Senescence, Aphasia, and Recoveries17
Part I: History of Neurolinguistics25
Chapter 1. Neurolinguistics from the Middle Ages to the Pre-Modern Era: Historical Vignettes27
1-1. Medieval and Renaissance Neurolinguistics27
1-2. A Period of Transition: The 17th and 18th Centuries29
1-3. Localization Comes of Age: Franz Joseph Gall and His Times32
1-4. Phrenology Studies Language Scientifically: Alexander Hood's Phenomenal Case Studies34
1-5. From Gall to Broca: The Contribution of Jean Baptiste Bouillaud38
1-6. From Gall to Broca: Day-to-Day Medical Work41
1-7. Diagramming and Localizing in the Late 19th Century43
1-8. Introducing the Concept of Receptive Aphasia: Theodor Meynert45
1-9. Localizing and Diagramming: Henry Charlton Bastian47
1-10. Early Agrammatism Research: Jackson, Pick, Head, and Weisenburg and McBride49
1-11. Sources for the History of Neurolinguistics53
Part II: Clinical and Experimental Methods in Neurolinguistics55
Chapter 2. Methodological and Statistical Considerations in Cognitive Neurolinguistics57
2-1. Research Phases in Neurolinguistics58
2-2. The Cognitive Neurolinguistics Research Program60
2-3. Psychometric Considerations62
2-4. Inferential Statistical Tests for Single-Case Studies66
2-5. Future Outlook70
Chapter 3. Clinical Assessment Strategies: Evaluation of Language Comprehension and Production by Fo71
3-1. Why Use Formal Tests of Language?72
3-2. An Academic-Experimental Rationale for Testing72
3-3. A Patient-Centered Rationale73
3-4. Review of Tests77
3-5. Summary and Future Outlook82
Chapter 4. Research Strategies: Psychological and Psycholinguistic Methods in Neurolinguistics83
4-1. What Is Language?84
4-2. Origins of the Neurolinguistic Model86
4-3. Methods87
4-4. Conclusion93
Chapter 5. Event-Related Potential (ERP) Research in Neurolinguistics: Part I: Techniques and Applic95
5-1. Overview of the ERP Paradigm96
5-2. Relations between ERPs and Language Behavior99
5-3. Some Lexical Semantic Issues101
5-4. The Content versus Function Word Distinction102
5-5. Studies on Phonological Processing Using ERPs106
5-6. Conclusions108
Chapter 6. Event-Related Potential (ERP) Research in Neurolinguistics: Part II: Language Processing111
6-1. Overview of the Issues111
6-2. Divisions between Syntax and Semantics112
6-3. Developmental Issues and Second Language Acquisition119
6-4. Assessing Receptive Linguistic Competence without Behavioral Production120
6-5. Some Questions about Reading121
6-6. Conclusions122
Chapter 7. Electrical Stimulation Mapping of Language Cortex125
7-1. Techniques126
7-2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Technique126
7-3. Background: Early Findings127
7-4. Modern Studies127
7-5. Comparison with Other Mapping Techniques128
7-6. General Results128
7-7. Specific Results129
Chapter 8. Tomographic Brain Imaging of Language Functions: Prospects for a New Brain/Language Model131
8-1. Isotopic and Nonisotopic Tomographic Imaging: Physiological Background, Technical and Methodolo132
8-2. The Activation Paradigm in Normal Subjects135
8-3. Imaging Correlates of Language Functions in Damaged Brains140
8-4. Conclusion142
Chapter 9. Applications of Magnetoencephalography to Neurolinguistic Research143
9-1. Technical Aspects of Magnetoencephalography144
9-2. Applications of Magnetoencephalography to the Study of Language149
9-3. Conclusions157
Chapter 10. Vertical Integration of Neurolinguistic Mechanisms159
10-1. Motility and Cortical Organization160
10-2. Anatomy of Primate Communication161
10-3. Motivational Basis of Hemispheric Specialization163
10-4. Asymmetries in Corticolimbic Evolution165
10-5. Adaptive Control of the Dual Pathways166
10-6. Motility and Language168
10-7. A Dual Route Involved in Language Regulation169
10-8. Language Emergent across the Neuraxis171
10-9. Conclusion172
Chapter 11. Brain Lesion Analysis in Clinical Research173
11-1. Methodological Issues in Lesion Analysis174
11-2. Recent Findings in Lesion Analysis181
11-3. Conclusion186
Chapter 12. The Sodium Amytal (Wada) Test: Procedural and Interpretative Considerations189
12-1. A Brief Historical Note189
12-2. Rationale Underlying the ISA Procedure191
12-3. The ISA Procedure: A Sample Protocol192
12-4. Problems and Considerations in ISA Protocol Administration and Interpretation194
12-5. Recent Developments Aimed at Improving ISA Validity and Reliability197
12-6. A Cautionary Note Concerning the ISA in Pediatric Populations199
Part III: Experimental Neurolinguistics205
A. Levels of Representation and Processing: Linguistic and Psychological Aspects207
Chapter 13. Phonetics and Phonology207
13-1. Speech Production208
13-2. Speech Perception216
13-3. Conclusion218
Chapter 14. The Breakdown of Morphology in Aphasia: A Cross-Language Perspective221
14-1. Morphological Impairments in Sentence Processing222
14-2. Morphological Impairments in Single-Word Processing229
14-3. Concluding Remarks233
Chapter 15. The Shadows of Lexical Meaning in Patients with Semantic Impairments235
15-1. Semantic Impairments236
15-2. The Concreteness Effect239
15-3. Impairments of Perceptual versus Functional Information240
15-4. Multiple Semantic Systems?242
15-5. Impaired Access versus Loss of Semantic Knowledge243
15-6. Concluding Remarks247
Chapter 16. Disorders of Syntax in Aphasia: Linguistic-Descriptive and Processing Approaches249
16-1. Sentence Comprehension: The Linguistic-Descriptive Approach250
16-2. Sentence Comprehension: The Processing Approach252
16-3. Sentence Production: Three Performance Parameters255
16-4. Agrammatic Production: The Linguistic-Descriptive Approach256
16-5. Agrammatic Production: The Processing Approach258
16-6. Conclusion260
Chapter 17. Impairments of Discourse-Level Representations and Processes261
17-1. Theoretical Frameworks of Narrative and Conversational Discourse262
17-2. Discourse Impairments in Brain-Damaged Individuals267
17-3. Conclusion273
Chapter 18. Attention as a Psychological Entity and Its Effects on Language and Communication275
18-1. Methodology276
18-2. The Structure and Functions of the Attention Faculty277
18-3. Language and Attentional Disorders283
18-4. Conclusion287
Chapter 19. The Role of Working Memory in Language and Communication Disorders289
19-1. Working Memory and Sentence Comprehension290
19-2. Working Memory and Speech Production Deficits298
19-3. Working Memory and Vocabulary Acquisition298
19-4. Conclusion299
Chapter 20. The Influence of Emotion on Language and Communication Disorders301
20-1. Some Definitions302
20-2. Human Emotional Experience303
20-3. Language, Thought, and Emotion„The Triad303
20-4. Does Language Express Emotions?304
20-5. Role of Brain Damage in Emotional Aspects of Language and Communication306
20-6. Conclusions310
Chapter 21. The Processing of Sign Language: Evidence from Aphasia313
21-1. ASL and the Deaf Community314
21-2. Linguistic Structure of American Sign Language314
21-3. A Summary of Sign Language Aphasia317
21-4. Hemispheric Specialization in Deaf Signers317
21-5. Neurolinguistics of Sign Language Aphasia320
21-6. Within-Hemisphere Localization323
21-7. Right Hemisphere and Language326
21-8. ASL and Syntax in Right- and Left- Hemisphere-Damaged Signers327
21-9. Apraxia and Sign Language328
21-10. Conclusion329
Chapter 22. Levels of Representation in Number Processing331
22-1. The Quantity Representation332
22-2. McCloskey's Model333
22-3. Some Problematic Cases336
22-4. The Triple-Code Model337
22-5. Some Open Issues in Number Processing340
Chapter 23. Computational Models of Normal and Impaired Language in the Brain343
23-1. Neural Network Models345
23-2. Hard-Wired Networks348
23-3. Supervised Learning Networks351
23-4. Unsupervised Learning Networks354
23-5. Summary354
B. Lateralization of Language and Communcation357
Chapter 24. Brain Lateralization across the Life Span357
24-1. Evidence Regarding Developmental Changes358
24-2. Evidence Regarding Changes Associated with Aging363
24-3. The Major Issues365
24-4. Conclusions366
24-5. Future Outlook367
Chapter 25. Language in the Right Hemisphere Following Callosal Disconnection369
25-1. Disconnection Syndrome370
25-2. Synopsis of Earlier Findings370
25-3. Word Recognition in the Right Hemisphere371
25-4. Interhemispheric Relations377
25-5. Relation of Language in the Right Hemisphere to Acquired Alexia379
25-6. Conclusions383
Chapter 26. The Right Hemisphere and Recovery from Aphasia385
26-1. Language Lateralization386
26-2. The Left-to-Right Transfer Hypothesis387
26-3. Bilateral Lesion Effects387
26-4. Laterality in Aphasia389
26-5. Degree of Language Compensation390
26-6. Mechanism of Transfer390
26-7. Implications of Right-Hemisphere Compensation391
26-8. Concluding Comments392
Chapter 27. Anatomical Asymmetries in Language-Related Cortex and Their Relation to Callosal Functio393
27-1. Anatomical Asymmetry in Perisylvian Regions394
27-2. The Corpus Callosum398
27-3. Relation of Callosal Structure and Brain Asymmetry: Implications for Language Lateralization401
27-4. Developmental and Evolutionary Aspects402
27-5. Summary and Conclusion404
Chapter 28. Unity of Language and Communication: Interhemispheric Interaction in the Lateralized Bra405
28-1. Examples of Hemispheric Superiority406
28-2. Why Is Hemispheric Superiority Complementary?408
28-3. Mechanisms of Interhemispheric Collaboration410
28-4. Future Outlook413
Part IV: Clinical Neurolinguistics415
A. Language and Communication in Special Populations and in Various Disease Processes417
Chapter 29. Language and Communication in Multilinguals417
29-1. Recovery Patterns418
29-2. Lateralization421
29-3. Bilingual versus Unilingual Representation and Processing422
29-4. Future Directions in the Neuropsychology of Bilingualism: The Need for Distinctions424
29-5. Conclusions429
Chapter 30. The Role of Subcortical Structures in Linguistic Processes: Recent Developments431
30-1. Role of the Basal Ganglia in Language432
30-2. The Role of the Thalamus in Language436
30-3. Conclusions444
Chapter 31. Language and Communication in Non-Alzheimer's Dementias447
31-1. Vascular Dementia448
31-2. Frontotemporal Dementias451
31-3. Huntington's Disease453
31-4. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy456
31-5. Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease458
31-6. Primary Progressive Aphasia459
31-7. Summary and Conclusions460
Chapter 32. Language and Communication Disorders in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type463
32-1. Characterization of the Linguistic Changes in DAT464
32-2. Evolution of the Linguistic Changes in DAT469
32-3. Specificity of the Linguistic Changes470
32-4. Influence of Non-Linguistic Deficits on Language Impairment471
32-5. Language Impairment in DAT: A Marker for Clinical Subgroups472
32-6. Neuropathological Correlates of Linguistic Changes472
32-7. Conclusions473
Chapter 33. Language Impairment in Parkinson's Disease475
33-1. Statement of the Problem476
33-2. Language Deficits in PD477
33-3. Conclusion482
Chapter 34. Communication and Language Disturbances Following Traumatic Brain Injury485
34-1. Discourse Analysis487
34-2. Pragmatic Analysis489
34-3. Conversational Analysis490
34-4. Explanations for Communication Disturbances in TBI491
34-5. Conclusions494
Chapter 35. Language Abnormalities in Psychosis: Evidence for the Interaction between Cognitive and495
35-1. Major Research Perspectives496
35-2. Patterns in Language/Communication Research499
35-3. Cognitive Explanations of Language/ Communication Abnormalities501
35-4. An Integrated Cognitive/Neurolinguistic Approach503
35-5. Future Outlook504
B. Language and Communication in Developmental Disorders507
Chapter 36. Landau–Kleffner Syndrome: Clinical and Linguistic Aspects507
36-1. Clinical Picture508
36-2. Prognosis and Treatment510
36-3. Description of Linguistic Impairment511
36-4. Hypothesis on the Underlying Deficits512
36-5. Conclusion514
Chapter 37. The Development of Language in Some Neurological Diseases515
37-1. Down's Syndrome516
37-2. Williams Syndrome518
37-3. Turner Syndrome520
37-4. Persistent Hyperinsulineric Hypoglycemia in Infancy521
37-5. Sturge–Weber Syndrome522
37-6. Poroencephaly523
37-7. Conclusion523
Chapter 38. Language and Communication Disorders in Autism and Asperger's Syndrome525
38-1. Language and Communication526
38-2. Autistic Language and Communication526
38-3. Cognitive Theories: Understanding the Mind in Autism528
38-4. The Theory of Mind Hypothesis529
38-5. Developmental Effects of Mentalizing Deficits530
38-6. Relationship of Language to Theory of Mind532
38-7. Asperger's Syndrome532
38-8. Conclusions and Future Outlook533
C. Recovery from and Rehabilitation of Language and Communication Disorders535
Chapter 39. Spontaneous Recovery from Aphasia535
39-1. Clinical Studies of Spontaneous Recovery536
39-2. The Neurological Basis of Recovery541
39-3. Conclusions544
Chapter 40. Recovery from Language Disorders: Interactions between Brain and Rehabilitation547
40-1. The Cognitive Neuropsychological Approach to Recovery548
40-2. Restoration and Substitution of Function549
40-3. Neuroplasticity and Recovery550
40-4. Neuroplasticity and Learning550
40-5. Limits to Neuroplasticity and Recovery551
40-6. Neurochemical Thresholds and Cognitive Processing Limitations552
40-7. The Intricate Relation of Language Rehabilitation and Brain Repair553
40-8. Can Syntax Be (Re)Learned?555
40-9. Conclusions556
Chapter 41. Recovery and Treatment of Acquired Reading and Spelling Disorders559
41-1. Pathways to Reading560
41-2. Reading Disorders560
41-3. Deep Dyslexia562
41-4. Pathways to Spelling563
41-5. Spelling Disorders564
41-6. Studies of Recovery and Treatment565
41-7. Summary and Indications for Future Research571
Chapter 42. Neurolinguistic Issues in the Treatment of Childhood Literacy Disorders573
42-1. Causal Architecture574
42-2. Peripheralist Hypotheses576
42-3. Centralist Hypotheses580
42-4. Orthographic Development583
42-5. Conclusions584
Chapter 43. The Role of Computers in Aphasia Rehabilitation585
43-1. Models of Aphasia586
43-2. Limitations of Computers in Aphasia Therapy586
43-3. Efficacy of Treatment Software590
43-4. Conclusion595
Part V: Resources in Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics and Related Fields597
Chapter 44. Computational Transcript Analysis and Language Disorders599
44-1. The Child Language Data Exchange (CHILDES) System600
44-2. Five Methodological Periods603
44-3. The Database606
44-4. Chat607
44-5. Clan609
44-6. Conclusion615
Chapter 45. Neurolinguistic and Related Assessment and Rehabilitation Software: A Listing617
45-1. Obtaining Information on Assessment and Rehabilitation Material618
45-2. Software Programs620
Chapter 46. Neurolinguistic and Related Journal and Book Resources: A Listing641
46-1. Journals642
46-2. Books644
46-3. Sourcebooks652
Chapter 47. Neurolinguistic and Related Resources on the Internet: A Listing655
47-1. Libraries and Bookstores656
47-2. Publishers and Journals658
47-3. Newsgroups and Mailing Lists660
47-4. Other Useful URLs664
References669
Index773

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780126660555
ISBN-13 9780080533131
Author Whitaker, Harry A.; Stemmer, Brigitte
Category Psychology
Subject Neuropsychology

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The Handbook of Neurolinguistics is a state-of-the-art reference and resource book; it describes current research and theory in the many subfields of neurolinguistics and its clinical application. Thorough and clearly written, the Handbook provides an excellent overview of the field of neurolinguistics and its development.
The book is organized into five parts covering the history of neurolinguistics, methods in clinical and experimental neurolinguistics, experimental neurolinguistics, clinical neurolinguistics, and resources in neurolinguistics. The first four parts contain a wide range of topics which discuss all important aspects of the many subfields of neurolinguistics. Also included are the relatively new and fast developing areas of research in discourse, pragmatics, and recent neuroimaging techniques. The resources section provides currently available resources, both traditional and modern. The Handbook is useful to the newcomer to the field, as well as the expert searching for the latest developments in neurolinguistics.

Key Features
* Clearly written and well organized
* Provides extensive resources
* Discusses both history and current research
* Covers the many subfields of neurolinguistics as well the developing areas of research

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