Elsevier S & T

Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking

Biermann, Christopher J.

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Table of contents

Contentsv
Preface To The Second Editionix
Preface To The First Editionx
Acknowledgmentsxi
Abbreviationsxiii
List of Color Platesxv
Chapter 1. Introduction and the Literature1
1.1 Introduction to Papermaking1
1.2 Introduction to the Literature3
1.3 Abstract Indices6
1.4 Technical and Trade Journals6
1.5 Reference Books8
1.6 Textbooks8
1.7 Chemistry Reference Books10
1.8 Other References10
1.9 Annotated Bibliography10
Exercises11
Chapter 2. Wood and Fiber Fundamentals13
2.1 Wood and Bark13
2.2 Wood Chips and Sawdust21
2.3 Wood Chip Preparation and Handling at the Pulp Mill22
2.4 Solid Wood Measurement30
2.5 Wood Chip Measurement31
2.6 Wood Chemistry32
2.7 Wood and Fiber Physics40
2.8 Properties of Selected Wood Species42
2.9 Nonwood and Recycled Fiber Considerations42
2.10 Annotated Bibliography50
Exercises53
Chapter 3. Pulping Fundamentals55
3.1 Introduction to Pulping55
3.2 Mechanical Pulping62
3.3 Chemi-mechanical Pulping69
3.4 Related Pulping Methods70
3.5 Semi-Chemical Pulping71
3.6 General Chemical Pulping72
3.7 Soda Pulping86
3.8 Kraft Pulping86
3.9 Sulfite Pulping91
3.10 Other Pulping Methods96
3.11 Market Pulp97
3.12 Annotated Bibliography97
Exercises100
Chapter 4. Kraft Spent Liquor Recovery101
4.1 Chemical Recovery101
4.2 Pulp Washing101
4.3 Liquor Evaporation103
4.4 Recovery Boiler107
4.5 Cooking Liquor Regeneration„The Causticizing Process112
4.6 Annotated Bibliography118
Exercises121
Chapter 5. Pulp Bleaching123
5.1 Introduction123
5.2 Bleaching Mechanical Pulps123
5.3 Measurement of Lignin Content124
5.4 Bleaching Chemical Pulps127
5.5 Annotated Bibliography134
Exercises136
Chapter 6. Refining and Pulp Characterization137
6.1 Introduction to Refining137
6.2 Refining142
6.3 Pulp Characterization149
6.4 Pulp Properties versus Performance153
6.5 Annotated Bibliography154
Exercises157
Chapter 7. Paper and Its Properties158
7.1 Introduction158
7.2 General Grades of Paper158
7.3 Specific Types of Paper160
7.4 Basic Paper Properties163
7.5 Physical Properties of Paper165
7.6 Mechanical Properties of Paper174
7.7 Chemical Analysis of Paper182
7.8 Basic Optical Tests of Paper185
7.9 Sheet Splitting of Paper187
7.10 Annotated Bibliography188
Exercises189
Chapter 8. Stock Preparation and Additives for Papermaking190
8.1 Introduction190
8.2 Fiber Preparation and Approach191
8.3 Raw Materials193
8.4 Functional Additives194
8.5 Control Additives201
8.6 Wet End Chemistry205
8.7 Annotated Bibliography206
Exercises208
Chapter 9. Paper Manufacture209
9.1 Introduction209
9.2 The Paper Machine209
9.3 The Headbox211
9.4 The Fourdrinier Wet End214
9.5 Twin Wire Formers230
9.6 The Cylinder Machine234
9.7 The Press Section235
9.8 The Dryer Section240
9.9 Post Drying Operations245
9.10 Paper Machine Broke System251
9.11 Conversion252
9.12 Coating254
9.13 Annotated Bibliography258
Exercises262
Chapter 10. Fiber from Recycled Paper263
10.1 Introduction263
10.2 Recycled Fiber Preparation263
10.3 Recycled Fiber Recovery266
10.4 Annotated Bibliography279
Exercises282
Chapter 11. Environmental Impact283
11.1 Introduction283
11.2 Water Pollution284
11.3 Water Quality Tests285
11.4 Aqueous Effluent Treatments287
11.5 Air Pollution290
11.6 Air Quality Tests and Control290
11.7 Solid Waste Disposal293
11.8 U.S. Regulations294
11.9 Annotated Bibliography295
Exercises296
Chapter 12. Metric and English Units and Unit Analysis297
12.1 Metric Units297
12.2 English and Metric Units297
12.3 Unit Analysis308
Exercises311
Chapter 13. Introductory Chemistry Review312
13.1 The Elements312
13.2 Ionic and Covalent Bonds314
13.3 Hydrogen Bonding315
13.4 The Mole and Mass Percentage316
13.5 Equivalency, Molarity, and Normality317
13.6 Acids, Bases, and the pH Scale318
13.7 The Law of Mass Action323
13.8 Solubility Products324
13.9 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions326
13.10 Electrochemistry327
13.11 Practical Aspects of Electrochemistry330
13.12 Properties of Gases331
13.13 Annotated Bibliography333
Exercises333
Chapter 14. Analytical and Coordinate Chemistry335
14.1 Strong Acid„Strong Base Titrations335
14.2 pH Properties of Weak Acid„Conjugate Base Pairs336
14.3 pH Indicators337
14.4 Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base or Weak Base with a Strong Acid338
14.5 Reduction-Oxidation Titrations339
14.6 Colorimetric Analysis342
14.7 Coordinate Chemistry343
14.8 Miscellaneous Considerations346
14.9 Annotated Bibliography346
Exercises347
Chapter 15. Calculations of Wood, Paper, and Other Materials348
15.1 Wood Moisture Content and Density348
15.2 Pulpwood Measurement351
15.3 Tensile Strength and Breaking Length of Materials352
15.4 Paper Properties354
Exercises357
Chapter 16. Pulping Calculations359
16.1 General Chemical Pulping Definitions359
16.2 Kraft Liquor„Chemical Calculations359
16.3 Kraft Liquor„Chemical Analysis363
16.4 Specific Gravity and Viscosity of Kraft Liquors367
16.5 Importance of Black Liquor pH368
16.6 Kraft H-Factor and Other Process Control Equations368
16.7 Sulfite Liquor Calculations372
16.8 Sulfite Liquor Analysis375
16.9 The Chemistry of Sulfur376
16.10 Calcining Equations377
16.11 Annotated Bibliography377
Exercises378
Chapter 17. Bleaching and Pulp Properties Calculations379
17.1 Dilution Water Calculations379
17.2 Chlorine Bleaching379
17.3 Chlorine Dioxide381
17.4 Chemical Analysis of Bleaching Liquors and Chlorine Equivalency381
17.5 CSF Correction Equations385
17.6 Computer Simulation of Fiber Cleaning Systems385
17.7 Paper Machine Calculations386
17.8 Properties of Dilute Pulp Slurries, Flocculation390
17.9 Strength of Wet Fiber Mats390
17.10 Fiber Physics392
17.11 Annotated Bibliography392
Exercises393
Chapter 18. Polymer Chemistry395
18.1 Introduction and Types of Polymers395
18.2 Addition Polymers396
18.3 Condensation Polymers398
18.4 Molecular Weights of Polymers399
Exercises402
Chapter 19. Carbohydrate Chemistry403
19.1 Introduction403
19.2 Nomenclature403
19.3 Forms of Monosaccharides403
19.4 Selected Reactions of Carbohydrates406
Exercises410
Chapter 20. Total Quality Management411
20.1 Introduction to TQM and SPC411
20.2 Statistical Process (Quality) Control, SPC, SQC413
20.3 Statistical Process Control Tools415
20.4 Implementing TQC and SPC417
20.5 Miscellaneous Topics418
20.6 Equations419
20.7 Annotated Bibliography419
Exercises419
Appendix„Generating Random Data with a Normal Distribution420
Chapter 21. Colloid and Surface Chemistry421
21.1 Introduction421
21.2 Colloid Chemistry421
21.3 Polyelectrolytes429
21.4 Surface Tension and Sizing429
21.5 Surfactants431
21.6 Foam434
21.7 Emulsions435
21.8 Light Scattering by Colloids435
21.9 Annotated Bibliography436
Exercises437
Appendix437
Chapter 22. Papermaking Chemistry438
22.1 Introduction438
22.2 Polymeric Additives440
22.3 Colloid Chemistry442
22.4 Retention, Formation, and Drainage443
22.5 Internal Sizing449
22.6 Wet and Dry Strength451
22.7 Monitoring Wet End Chemistry453
22.8 Papermaking Chemistry Control457
22.9 Other Considerations458
22.10 Annotated Bibliography459
Exercises462
Chapter 23. Printing and the Graphic Arts463
23.1 Introduction463
23.2 Letterpress464
23.3 Lithography464
23.4 Gravure467
23.5 Screen Printing468
23.6 Other Printing Methods468
23.7 Halftone Printing469
23.8 Color Printing470
23.9 Common Aspects of Printing473
23.10 Ink and Ink Application473
23.11 Paper Properties and Printing475
23.12 Specific Products477
23.13 Computers and Printing478
23.14 Bindery Operations480
23.15 Annotated Bibliography483
Exercises486
Appendix486
Chapter 24. Optical Properties of Paper487
24.1 Introduction487
24.2 Behavior of Light Rays488
24.3 Color489
24.4 Tristimulus Systems494
24.5 Blackbody Radiation and Other Light Sources500
24.6 Kubelka–Munk Theory502
24.7 Annotated Bibliography508
Exercises512
Appendix513
Chapter 25. Wood and Fiber„Growth and Anatomy516
25.1 Introduction516
25.2 Sample Preparation for Identification or Microscopy529
25.3 Wood Variation532
25.4 Silviculture and Wood Quality534
25.5 Annotated Bibliography537
Exercises540
Chapter 26. Softwood Anatomy541
26.1 Gross Anatomy of Softwoods541
26.2 Microscopic Anatomy of Softwoods543
26.3 Anatomy of Softwood Species549
26.4 Non-American Species581
Chapter 27. Hardwood Anatomy583
27.1 Gross Anatomy of Hardwoods583
27.2 Microscopic Anatomy of Hardwoods586
27.3 Anatomy of Hardwood Species589
Chapter 28. Wood Fiber Anatomy and Identification628
28.1 Fiber Analysis628
28.2 Softwood Fiber629
28.3 Hardwood Fiber631
Chapter 29. Nonwood Fiber Use in Pulp and Paper633
29.1 Introduction633
29.2 Pulping Methods for Nonwood Fibers635
29.3 Considerations for Nonwood Fiber Use637
29.4 Other Fiber Types639
29.5 Annotated Bibliography639
Chapter 30. Hydraulics641
30.1 Flow of Liquids641
30.2 Pump Basics641
30.3 Positive Displacement Pumps642
30.4 Centrifugal (Dynamic) Pumps644
30.5 Valves648
30.6 Hydraulic Power Systems655
30.7 Troubleshooting Hydraulic Power Systems659
30.8 Annotated Bibliography660
Chapter 31. Process Control663
31.1 Introduction663
31.2 Sensors663
31.3 Temperature Sensors664
31.4 Mechanical Sensors665
31.5 Controllers668
31.6 Actuators670
31.7 Annotated Bibliography670
Chapter 32. Corrugated Containers671
32.1 Introduction671
32.2 Manufacture672
32.3 Test Methods674
32.4 Annotated Bibliography676
Chapter 33. Miscellaneous Topics678
33.1 Viscosity and Surface Tension of Water from 0 to 100°C678
33.2 Vapor Pressure of Water from 0 to 280°C679
33.3 Properties of Air and Water680
33.4 Water Conditioning680
33.5 Boiler Feedwater Treatment683
33.6 Corrosion685
33.7 Safety Practices for Hazardous Chemicals686
33.8 Transportation Safety687
33.9 Operations Management690
33.10 Process Simulation690
33.11 Superabsorbency692
33.12 Bearings692
33.13 Electric Circuit Symbols694
33.14 Annotated Bibliography694
Appendix697
Chapter 34. Updates and Bibliography698
34.1 General Pulp and Paper698
34.2 Wood699
34.3 Roundwood Properties700
34.4 Wood Chemistry701
34.5 Recycling and Secondary Fiber702
34.6 Properties of Pulps705
34.7 Mechanical Pulping705
34.8 Chemical Pulping706
34.9 Kraft Recovery707
34.10 Bleaching709
34.11 Fiber Physics and Preparation710
34.12 Papermaking712
34.13 Paper713
34.14 Coating and Converting713
34.15 Flexible Packaging716
34.16 Environmental716
34.17 Miscellaneous Topics717
34.18 Testing Methods717
Answers to Selected Problems721
Author Index733
Subject Index741
Color Plate Sections755

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780120973620
ISBN-13 9780080533681
Author Biermann, Christopher J.
Edition 2nd
Category Technology & Engineering
Subject Manufacturing

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In its Second Edition, Handbook of Pulping and Papermaking is a comprehensive reference for industry and academia. The book offers a concise yet thorough introduction to the process of papermaking from the production of wood chips to the final testing and use of the paper product. The author has updated the extensive bibliography, providing the reader with easy access to the pulp and paper literature. The book emphasizes principles and concepts behind papermaking, detailing both the physical and chemical processes.

Key Features
* A comprehensive introduction to the physical and chemical processes in pulping and papermaking
* Contains an extensive annotated bibliography
* Includes 12 pages of color plates

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