Handbook of the Biology of Aging
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Table of contents
- Contentsv
- Contributorsxi
- Forewordxv
- Prefacexvii
- About the Editorsxix
- Section I. Conceptual and Technical Issues1
- Chapter 1. Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity3
- I. Introduction3
- II. General Overview of the Reliability Theory Approach5
- III. Mortality, Failure, and Aging in Biological and Technical Systems15
- IV. Explanations of Aging Phenomena Using Reliability Theory21
- V. The Idea of High Initial Damage Load: The HIDL Hypothesis24
- VI. Reliability Models of Aging for Biological Systems28
- VII. Evolution of Species Reliability31
- VIII. Conclusions34
- References35
- Chapter 2. Are Age-Associated Diseases an Integral Part of Aging?43
- I. Introduction43
- II. Concepts of Biological Gerontology44
- III. Age-Associated Diseases45
- IV. Primary Aging, Secondary Aging, and Normal AgingŽ46
- V. Evolutionary Theory and Age-Associated Diseases49
- VI. Analysis of Two Major Age-Associated Disease Processes50
- VII. Summary and Conclusions55
- References56
- Chapter 3. Dietary Restriction, Hormesis, and Small Molecule Mimetics63
- I. Introduction63
- II. Key Discoveries65
- III. Physiological Effects of DR on Mammals68
- IV. Mechanisms of DR70
- V. Small-Molecule CR Mimetics82
- VI. Conclusions89
- References90
- Chapter 4. Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Aging, and Cancer105
- I. Stem Cells105
- II. Stem Cell Aging108
- III. Stem Cells and Cancer115
- IV. Conclusions119
- References119
- Chapter 5. Mitochondria: A Critical Role in Aging124
- I. The Mitochondrion124
- II. Evidence for Increased Oxidative Damage to Mitochondrial Components with Age125
- III. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Aging129
- IV. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Age-Associated Disease134
- V. Conclusions137
- References137
- Chapter 6. p53 and Mouse Aging Models149
- I. Introduction to p53149
- II. p53 and Cellular Senescence151
- III. Linkage of IGF-1, Sir2, and p53 Signaling154
- IV. Mouse Models of Aging155
- V. Mouse Models of Accelerated Aging158
- VI. Mouse Models of Delayed Aging161
- VII. Links to p53 in Mouse Aging Models162
- VIII. Mutant Mouse p53 Models, Aging, and Cancer164
- IX. Influence of p53 on Longevity in Humans168
- X. How Might p53 Influence Organismal Aging?169
- References171
- Chapter 7. Complex Genetic Architecture of Drosophila Longevity181
- I. Introduction181
- II. Genome Scan for Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs)182
- III. Deficiency Complementation Mapping187
- IV. Complementation Tests to Mutations at Positional Candidate Genes193
- V. Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) Mapping207
- VI. Conclusions and Future Prospects209
- References212
- Chapter 8. Evolutionary Biology of Aging: Future Directions217
- I. Introduction217
- II. Genetics of Senescence220
- III. From Physiology to Demography224
- IV. Parasites and Immune Function227
- V. Sex, Sexual Selection, and Sexual Conflict230
- VI. Genetic Variation in Natural Populations232
- VII. Conclusions234
- References235
- Chapter 9. Senescence in Wild Populations of Mammals and Birds243
- I. Introduction243
- II. Evidence of Senescence in Wild Populations244
- III. Patterns of Senescence255
- IV. Methodological Difficulties in Evaluating Senescence in Wild Populations257
- V. Conclusions260
- References261
- Chapter 10. Biodemography of Aging and Age-Specific Mortality in Drosophila melanogaster267
- I. Introduction267
- II. Experimental Evidence for Age-Specific Effects276
- III. Leveling-Off of Mortality Rates280
- IV. Conclusions289
- References289
- Chapter 11. Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in Aging295
- I. Introduction295
- II. Technical Issues295
- III. Biological Studies310
- IV. Conclusions, Future Directions, and Challenges326
- References327
- Chapter 12. Computer Modeling in the Study of Aging334
- I. Introduction334
- II. Why Aging Particularly Needs Models337
- III. Different Approaches to Modeling Biological Systems339
- IV. Currently Available Models of Aging343
- V. Models, Data Collection, and Experimental Design347
- VI. Parameter Inference348
- VII. Conclusions351
- References352
- Section II: Non-Mammalian Models359
- Chapter 13. Dissecting the Processes of Aging Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans360
- I. Introduction360
- II. Biology of C. elegans362
- III. The age-1 Pathway362
- IV. Mutations in Mitochondrial Components372
- V. Caloric Restriction379
- VI. Other Non-Genetic Ways to Extend Life382
- VII. Other Discoveries384
- VIII. Summary389
- References390
- Chapter 14. Genetic Manipulation of Life Span in Drosophila Melanogaster400
- I. Introduction400
- II. Genetic Methods for Manipulating Drosophila Life Span400
- III. Screening for Drosophila Genes Affecting Life Span405
- IV. Specific Genes Used to Extend the Life Span of Drosophila melanogaster406
- V. Conclusions412
- References412
- Chapter 15. Juvenile and Steroid Hormones in Drosophila melanogaster Longevity415
- I. Introduction415
- II. JH and 20E: Two Major Insect Hormones416
- III. Effects of JH and 20E on Drosophila Aging418
- IV. Candidate Genes Affecting Life Span Through JH and 20E Signaling422
- V. Hormones, Nutrition, and Life Span433
- VI. Hormonal Effects on Stress Resistance and Immunity436
- VII. Conclusions437
- References440
- Chapter 16. A Critical Evaluation of Nonmammalian Models for Aging Research449
- I. Introduction449
- II. Key Evolutionary Relationships451
- III. Genomic Properties452
- IV. Physiological and Pathophysiological Properties456
- V. Empirically Investigating the Similarities and Differences Among Model Organisms460
- VI. Conclusions462
- References463
- Section III: Mammalian Models469
- Chapter 17. Differential Aging Among Skeletal Muscles470
- I. Introduction470
- II. Changes in Muscle Mass and Composition472
- III. Loss of Motor Units with Age476
- IV. Altered Neuromuscular Junctions with Age479
- V. Excitation-Contraction Coupling480
- VI. Mechanical Properties481
- VII. Biochemical Environment490
- VIII. Conclusions491
- References493
- Chapter 18. Aging, Body Fat, and Carbohydrate Metabolism498
- I. Introduction498
- II. Carbohydrate Metabolism and Body Composition in Aging498
- III. Conclusions505
- References505
- Chapter 19. Growth and Aging: Why Do Big Dogs Die Young?512
- I. Introduction512
- II. Body Size and Aging in Dogs512
- III. Weight and Longevity in Mice515
- IV. Anecdotal Size-Longevity Reports on Horses520
- V. Height and Longevity in Humans520
- VI. Nutritional Manipulations that Modulate Longevity and Body Size523
- VII. Relation of Size to Longevity Among Different Species524
- VIII. General Discussion: Why Do Big Dogs Die Young, and Is It Worth Figuring This Out?526
- IX. Conclusions529
- References529
- Chapter 20. Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, and the Biology of Aging534
- I. Introduction534
- II. Biological Actions of Growth Hormone535
- III. Aging and the Growth Hormone Axis538
- IV. Studies of Growth Hormone/IGF-1 Replacement540
- V. Growth Hormone, IGF-1, and Life Span549
- VI. Pleiotropic Effects of Growth Hormone and IGF-1556
- VII. Conclusion557
- References558
- Chapter 21. Aging of the Female Reproductive System570
- I. Introduction570
- II. Menopause570
- III. Definitions572
- IV. Role of the Ovary in Reproductive Aging574
- V. Role of the Central Nervous System in Female Reproductive Aging579
- VI. Conclusion586
- References586
- Author Index591
- Subject Index645
The Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Sixth Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research findings in the biology of aging. Intended as a summary for researchers, it is also adopted as a high level textbook for graduate and upper level undergraduate courses.
The Sixth Edition is 20% larger than the Fifth Edition, with 21 chapters summarizing the latest findings in research on the biology of aging. The content of the work is virtually 100% new. Though a selected few topics are similar to the Fifth Edition, these chapters are authored by new contributors with new information. The majority of the chapters are completely new in both content and authorship.
The Sixth Edition places greater emphasis and coverage on competing and complementary theories of aging, broadening the discussion of conceptual issues. Greater coverage of techniques used to study biological issues of aging include computer modeling, gene profiling, and demographic analyses. Coverage of research on Drosophilia is expanded from one chapter to four. New chapters on mammalian models discuss aging in relation to skeletal muscles, body fat and carbohydrate metabolism, growth hormone, and the human female reproductive system. Additional new chapters summarize exciting research on stem cells and cancer, dietary restriction, and whether age related diseases are an integral part of aging.
The Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Sixth Edition is part of the Handbooks on Aging series, including Handbook of the Psychology of Aging and Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, also in their 6th editions.
The Sixth Edition is 20% larger than the Fifth Edition, with 21 chapters summarizing the latest findings in research on the biology of aging. The content of the work is virtually 100% new. Though a selected few topics are similar to the Fifth Edition, these chapters are authored by new contributors with new information. The majority of the chapters are completely new in both content and authorship.
The Sixth Edition places greater emphasis and coverage on competing and complementary theories of aging, broadening the discussion of conceptual issues. Greater coverage of techniques used to study biological issues of aging include computer modeling, gene profiling, and demographic analyses. Coverage of research on Drosophilia is expanded from one chapter to four. New chapters on mammalian models discuss aging in relation to skeletal muscles, body fat and carbohydrate metabolism, growth hormone, and the human female reproductive system. Additional new chapters summarize exciting research on stem cells and cancer, dietary restriction, and whether age related diseases are an integral part of aging.
The Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Sixth Edition is part of the Handbooks on Aging series, including Handbook of the Psychology of Aging and Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, also in their 6th editions.