Hydraulic Fluids
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsv
- Prefaceix
- Glossaryxi
- Chapter 1. Introduction1
- 1.1 Introduction1
- 1.2 Basic principles of hydraulics5
- 1.3 Energy considerations9
- Chapter 2. Types of hydraulic media11
- 2.1 Historical11
- 2.2 The ideal hydraulic media14
- Chapter 3. Mineral base oils17
- 3.1 Composition of mineral oils17
- 3.2 Chemical nature18
- Chapter 4. Additives22
- Chapter 5. Synthetic oils30
- 5.1 Types of synthetic oil31
- 5.2 Synthetic hydrocarbons31
- 5.3 Polyethers33
- 5.4 Organic esters35
- 5.5 Phosphate esters36
- 5.6 Silicones37
- 5.7 Fluoroethers40
- Chapter 6. Rheology41
- 6.1 Viscosity41
- 6.2 Low temperature flow properties48
- 6.3 Temperature dependence of viscosity49
- 6.4 Shear stability50
- 6.5 Pressure dependence of viscosity52
- Chapter 7. Compressibility55
- 7.1 Secant bulk modulus56
- 7.2 Tangent bulk modulus58
- 7.3 Effect of air on bulk modulus59
- 7.4 Low bulk moduli fluids61
- 7.5 Density62
- 7.6 Thermal properties65
- Chapter 8. Anti-wear properties67
- Chapter 9. Oxidation stability71
- Chapter 10. Demulsi bility78
- 10.1 Protection against corrosion81
- Chapter 11. Aeration problems83
- 11.1 Diagnosis and treatment of aeration problems87
- Chapter 12. FiIterability89
- 12.1 Filterability test procedures90
- Chapter 13. Specifications92
- 13.1 Requirements93
- Chapter 14. Hydraulic fluids for military and aerospace applications102
- 14.1 Aircraft and aerospace102
- 14.2 Combat vehicles and artillery106
- 14.3 Naval vessels107
- Chapter 15. Selection of a suitable hydraulic fluid108
- Chapter 16. Test methods for hydraulic media110
- 16.1 Physical–chemical properties110
- 16.2 Mechanical testing117
- Chapter 17. Contamination120
- 17.1 What impurities are involved?120
- 17.2 Where do the impurities originate?120
- Chapter 18. Deterioration and maintenance126
- 18.1 Flushing130
- Chapter 19. Analysis of used hydraulic oil132
- 19.1 Interpretation of the test results133
- 19.2 Condition monitoring and oil change135
- Chapter 20. Fire-resistant fluids136
- 20.1 Conversion of existing systems to fire-resistant fluids140
- 20.2 Maintenance of fire-resistant fluids141
- Chapter 21. Hydraulic brake fluids144
- Chapter 22. Future perspectives150
- Chapter 23. Health and safety153
- 23.1 Ingestion154
- 23.2 Skin contact154
- 23.3 Eye contact155
- 23.4 Inhalation155
- 23.5 Materials safety data sheet155
- Chapter 24. Hydraulic fluids and the environment156
- 24.1 What is biodegradability?157
- 24.2 Determination of biodegradability157
- 24.3 Biodegradable hydraulic media158
- Bibliography160
- Appendix 1161
- Appendix 2162
- Index163
* Reviews the development of modern hydraulic fluids
* Discusses the application and selection of hydraulic fluids through the investigation of their physical and chemical properties related to the operational requirements.
* Offers guidance on suitable maintenance routines
Since the first use of water as a hydraulic medium in the late 18th century, hydraulics has become an indispensable discipline of engineering science. Enormous technological advances have been made in the intervening years, but this has not been reflected in the available literature on the numerous fluids involved.
Based on 40 years of experience with Shell in Norway, this reference text brings together a comprehensive coverage of the behaviour and selection of hydraulic fluids. It includes a full analysis of recent advances in synthetic oils - media which will inevitably become more dominant as natural products become more scarce.
Hydraulic Fluids provides an overview that both students and professionals involved with hydraulics, whether concerned with the mechanical components or system design or selection and maintenance of the fluids themselves, will refer to again and again as it provides relevant information on all the major hydraulic fluids in a single volume.
* Discusses the application and selection of hydraulic fluids through the investigation of their physical and chemical properties related to the operational requirements.
* Offers guidance on suitable maintenance routines
Since the first use of water as a hydraulic medium in the late 18th century, hydraulics has become an indispensable discipline of engineering science. Enormous technological advances have been made in the intervening years, but this has not been reflected in the available literature on the numerous fluids involved.
Based on 40 years of experience with Shell in Norway, this reference text brings together a comprehensive coverage of the behaviour and selection of hydraulic fluids. It includes a full analysis of recent advances in synthetic oils - media which will inevitably become more dominant as natural products become more scarce.
Hydraulic Fluids provides an overview that both students and professionals involved with hydraulics, whether concerned with the mechanical components or system design or selection and maintenance of the fluids themselves, will refer to again and again as it provides relevant information on all the major hydraulic fluids in a single volume.