Impinging Streams: Fundamentals, Properties and Applications
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsxi
- Forewordv
- Acknowledgmentsix
- Introduction1
- 1 Enhancement of transfer between phases and origin of impinging streams1
- 2 Basic principles of impinging streams4
- 3 Experimental evidence for enhancing transfer6
- 4 Other performances of impinging streams7
- 5 Extension of impinging stream technology9
- Part I: Gas-Continuous Impinging Streams17
- Chapter 1. Flow of Continuous Phase19
- 1.1 Flow characteristics19
- 1.2 Velocity field in laminar impinging streams25
- 1.3 Experimental results for the flow field in impinging streams32
- 1.4 Turbulent impinging streams36
- Chapter 2. Particle Behavior41
- 2.1 Motion of a single particle in co-axial horizontal impinging streams41
- 2.2 Experimental results on the behavior of a single particle in co-axial horizontal two-impinging s52
- 2.3 Behavior of a single particle in co-axial vertical impinging streams56
- 2.4 Behavior of particle crowds in impinging streams59
- Chapter 3. Residence Time of Particles and its Distribution67
- 3.1 Theoretical consideration67
- 3.2 Method for experimental measurement of particles' residence time distribution77
- 3.3 Relationships for fitting data84
- 3.4 Major experimental results for RTD of particles86
- 3.5 Remarks89
- Chapter 4. Hydraulic Resistance of Impinging Stream Devices91
- 4.1 Theoretical consideration92
- 4.2 Experimental equipment and procedure96
- 4.3 Major results from the experimental study98
- 4.4 Evaluation of power consumption and discussions related to application105
- Chapter 5. Influence of Impinging Streams on Dispersity of Liquids107
- 5.1 Statement of the problem107
- 5.2 Experimental equipment and procedure109
- 5.3 Major results of the investigation111
- 5.4 Concluding remarks117
- Chapter 6. Impinging Stream Drying119
- 6.1 Introduction119
- 6.2 Earlier research and development121
- 6.3 Circulative impinging stream drying134
- 6.4 Concluding remarks151
- Chapter 7. Impinging Stream Absorption153
- 7.1 Adaptability of impinging streams for gas–liquid reaction systems153
- 7.2 Earlier investigations155
- 7.3 Wet desulfurization of flue gas (I) General considerations162
- 7.4 Wet desulfurization of flue gas (II) Investigations in Israel164
- 7.5 Wet desulfurization of flue gas (III) Investigations in China169
- 7.6 Design of a device for large gas flow rates186
- Chapter 8. Impinging Streams Combustion and Grinding191
- 8.1 Models for particles and droplets combustion191
- 8.2 Intensification of combustion processes due to impinging streams196
- 8.3 Impinging stream combustors198
- 8.4 Impinging stream grinding201
- Part II: Liquid-Continuous Impinging Streams205
- Chapter 9. Differences Between Properties of Continuous Phases and Classification of Impinging Strea207
- 9.1 Progress of investigation on liquid-continuous impinging streams207
- 9.2 Differences between properties of continuous phases and their influences on the performance of i208
- 9.3 Supplementary classification of impinging streams211
- Chapter 10. Micromixing In Liquid-Continuous Impinging Streams213
- 10.1 Macromixing and micromixing213
- 10.2 Methods for investigation of mixing problems214
- 10.3 Flow and macromixing in SCISR216
- 10.4 Micromixing in SCISR222
- 10.5 Micromixing in impinging stream reactor without circulation233
- 10.6 Comparison between the investigations on micromixing in LIS as concluding remarks235
- Chapter 11. Pressure Fluctuation in the Submerged Circulative Impinging Stream Reactor237
- 11.1 Investigation method of pressure fluctuation237
- 11.2 Experimental equipment and procedure240
- 11.3 Experimental results and discussion242
- 11.4 Conclusions and discussion250
- Chapter 12. Influence of Liquid-Continuous Impinging Streams on Process Kinetics253
- 12.1 Qualitative analysis for the influences of pressure fluctuation and micromixing253
- 12.3 Kinetics of ethyl acetate saponification265
- 12.4 Concluding remarks266
- Chapter 13. Preparation of Ultrafine Powders by Reaction–Precipitation in Impinging Streams I: "Ul269
- 13.1 Adaptability of liquid-continuous impinging streams for preparation of ultrafine powders270
- 13.2 Properties of white carbon black and chemical reactions in its preparation by precipitation pro271
- 13.3 Experimental equipment and procedure273
- 13.4 Results and discussions275
- 13.5 Conclusions281
- Chapter 14. Preparation of Ultrafine Powders by Reaction–Precipitation in Impinging Streams II: Na283
- 14.1 Introduction283
- 14.2 Properties and main uses of nano copper284
- 14.3 Principles and experimental method286
- 14.4 Results and discussions on the preparation of nano copper powder288
- 14.5 Surface improvement of nano copper: preparation of Cu-Ag double metal powder297
- 14.6 Conclusions299
- Chapter 15. Preparation of Ultrafine Powders by Reaction-Precipitation in Impinging Streams III: Nan301
- 15.1 Properties of nano titania and chemical reactions in its preparation301
- 15.2 Experimental equipment and procedure303
- 15.3 Results and discussions304
- 15.4 Conclusions314
- Chapter 16. Preparation of Ultrafine Powders by Reaction-Precipitation in Impinging Streams IV: Nano317
- 16.1 Introduction317
- 16.2 Experimental equipment and procedure318
- 16.3 Results and discussions320
- 16.4 Concluding remarks326
- Chapter 17. Research and Development of Liquid-Continuous Impinging Stream Devices and Application F329
- 17.1 The vertical circulative impinging stream reactor329
- 17.2 Impinging stream crystallizer333
- 17.3 Prospects for the application of liquid-continuous impinging streams337
- Postscript339
- References341
- Nomenclature355
- Subject Index361
The original idea of IS is to send two solid-gas streams to impinge against each other at high velocity, enhancing transfer between phases. IS is classified into two kinds: Gas-continuous impinging streams (GIS) and Liquid-continuous ones (LIS). Impinging Streams describes fundamentals, major properties and application of IS, as a category of novel technologies in chemical engineering. Because of the universality of transfer phenomena, it is receiving widespread attention. This book represents the first book in this area for over 10 years and covers achievements and technologies.
* describing clearly the properties of Gas-continuous and Liquid-continuous impinging streams
* introducing new technical devices
* includes a number of worked application cases, which are illustrated in detail
* describing clearly the properties of Gas-continuous and Liquid-continuous impinging streams
* introducing new technical devices
* includes a number of worked application cases, which are illustrated in detail